This is a list of foods containing tyramine. Tyramine is an amine which causes elevated blood pressure and tachycardia by displacing norepinephrine from storage vesicles. Tyramine is generally produced by decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine during fermentation of food products. In organic Chemistry tyramine (4-hydroxy- Phenethylamine, para-tyramine p-tyramine is a Monoamine compound derived from the Decarboxylation is any Chemical reaction in which a Carboxyl group (-COOH is split off from a compound as Carbon dioxide (CO2 In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this Tyrosine (abbreviated as Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, is one of the 20 Amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize Fermentation in Food processing typically refers to the conversion of Sugar to Alcohol using Yeast under Anaerobic conditions All protein-rich foods which have been matured will contain more tyramine depending on the temperature and how long they have been stored. Properly refrigerated foods will not be affected.
The amount required to cause a 30mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure is referred to as TYR30, and generally averages around 500mg in an unmedicated, healthy individual. Diastole is the period of time when the heart fills with blood after systole (contraction A class of antidepressants called MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) can increase the sensitivity to tyramine if taken orally. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs) are a class of powerful antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression. If sufficient quantities of tyramine are ingested, hypertensive crises may occur, potentially causing stroke or cardiac arrythmia. A hypertensive emergency is severe Hypertension (high blood pressure with acute impairment of an Organ system (especially the Central nervous system There is significant evidence that tyramine may trigger migraines in sensitive individuals. Migraine is a neurological Syndrome characterized by altered bodily experiences painful headaches and nausea
This list is for informational purposes only; it is neither all-inclusive nor does it go into any particular depth. If you plan to avoid tyramine in your diet, you are urged to seek professional guidance. Note that the exact increase in sensitivity will depend on the MAOI used, and its dose.
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Alcoholic Beverages
All tap beer and ale may contain tyramine, as lack of sterile conditions and proper maintenance may allow tyramine-forming bacteria to grow. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Ale is a type of Beer brewed from Malted Barley using a top-fermenting Brewers' yeast. Domestic bottled beers generally have small quantities of tyramine. Chianti and vermouth, however, have a high chance of containing tyramine. Chianti is a famous Red wine of Italy, which takes its name from a traditional region of Tuscany where it is produced Vermouth (also spelled vermuth) is a Fortified wine flavored with aromatic Herbs and spices ("aromatized" in the trade using closely-guarded recipes
Cheeses
Most aged cheeses contain tyramine. Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. While there are some, such as cream cheese and cottage cheese, that have little to no notable amounts of tyramine, most aged cheeses have high concentrations of tyramine.
Regular cheese of the kind typically used on bread and pizza can safely be consumed in normal amounts.
Cheese syndrome, named by a British pharmacist who first noted the effect, is a condition that is commonly associated with the usage of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), a class of anti-depressants. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Pharmacists are Health professionals who practice the art and science of Pharmacy. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs) are a class of powerful antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression. An antidepressant is a Psychiatric medication used for alleviating major depression or Dysthymia ('milder' depression It is caused by a buildup of tyramine.
Fruit
Avocados contain tyramine, especially overripe fruit. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. The avocado ( Persea americana) (from Nahuatl āhuacatl) also known as aguacate ( Spanish) butter pear or Avocados, when eaten in moderate quantities, generally do not have noticeable effects, provided that the fruit is not overripe. Banana peels contain significant levels of tyramine and dopamine. For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation. Dopamine is a Hormone and Neurotransmitter occurring in a wide variety of animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates
All other fruits may contain tyramine, especially overripe and dried fruit. Common fruits that may contain significant levels of tyramine include: eggplant, figs, grapes, oranges, pineapples, plums, prunes and raisins. The eggplant, aubergine, or brinjal ( Solanum melongena) is a plant of the family Solanaceae (also known as the nightshades Ficus is a Genus of about 850 Species of woody Trees Shrubs Vines Epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes in the family For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn Pineapple ( Ananas comosus) is the common name for an edible Tropical Plant and also its Fruit It is native to the southern part of Brazil A plum or gage is a stone fruit Tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. A prune is any of various of various Plum species mostly Prunus domesticus or European Plum (commonly referred to as a Sugar Plum Raisins are dried Grapes They are produced in many regions of the world such as the United States, Australia, Chile,
Processed Foods
Many processed foods contian high tyramine levels. Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw Ingredients into Food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by A few processed foods that contain high amounts of tyramine include, but are not limited to: vegemite, sauerkraut, and shrimp paste. Vegemite ( is a dark brown savoury food paste made from Yeast extract, used mainly as a spread on Sandwiches Toast and cracker biscuits Sauerkraut ( English:, German:, Yiddish: ˈzɔi̯əʀˌkʀɔi̯t is finely shredded Cabbage that has been fermented by various Shrimp paste or shrimp sauce, is a common ingredient used in Southeast Asian and Southern Chinese cuisine.
Meat and Fish
Fresh liver, meat and fish has no significant levels of tyramine, but old liver and meat contain high amounts. In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Traditionally, meat from game birds and wild animals is hung in a cool place to improve flavour and tenderness, but this significantly increases the tyramine content. Processed meats, cured or pickled meats, and meat by-products and broths often contain large amounts of tyramine.
Soy
All soy products contain high levels of tyramine. Aside from soybeans themselves, commonly consumed soy products include: soy sauce, tofu, miso, and teriyaki sauce. Soy sauce ( US) soya sauce ( Commonwealth) shoyu ( Japan) or sillao ( Peru) is a fermented Sauce Tofu, also (the Japanese Romaji spelling doufu (the Chinese Pinyin spelling often used in Chinese recipes or bean curd (the literal is a traditional Japanese food produced by fermenting Rice, Barley and/or Soybeans, with salt and the fungus (the most typical miso is made Teriyaki ( Kanji: 照 り 焼 き Hiragana: てりやき is a Cooking technique used in Japanese cuisine in which foods are
Nuts and Chocolate
Chocolate does not contain appreciable amounts of tyramine, but does contain other active ingredients that are potentiated by MAOIs. Nut is a general term for the large dry oily Seeds or Fruit of some Plants. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Accordingly, high quantities of chocolate may lead to nausea and headaches.
There is some evidence that large quantities of nuts, peanuts, coconuts, and brazil nuts may trigger hypertensive reactions and headaches. Nut is a general term for the large dry oily Seeds or Fruit of some Plants. Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday Comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family The Brazil nut ( Bertholletia excelsa) is a South American Tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and also the name of the tree's commercially
See also
- Foods containing histamine
- EMSAM, new transdermal MAOI has fewer food interactions because it is not taken orally