| Comune di Fondi | |
|---|---|
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| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Province | Latina (LT) |
| Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Area | 142 km² (55 sq mi) |
| Population (as of 31-12-04) | |
| - Total | 34,910 |
| - Density | 246/km² (637/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Fondani |
| Dialing code | 0771 |
| Postal code | 04022 |
| Frazioni | San Magno, Cocuruzzo, San Raffaele, Sant'Andrea, Selva Vetere, Salto di Fondi, Querce, Fasana, Gegni, Passignano, Curtignano, Sant'Oliva, Vardito, Rene |
| Patron | ??St Honoratus of Fondi? (Sant' Onorato) |
| - Day | ??10 October |
| Website: http://www.comune.fondi.lt.it/ | |
Fondi is a city and comune in the province of Latina (Lazio, Italy), halfway between Rome and Naples. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Latina (Provincia di Latina is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated The Province of Latina (Provincia di Latina is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Before the construction of the highway between the latter cities in the late 1950s, Fondi had been an important settlement on the Roman Via Appia, which was the main connection from Rome to much of southern Italy. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The Appian Way ( Latin and Italian: Via Appia) was the most important ancient Roman road.
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Geography
Fondi is the main town of the Plain of Fondi (Piana di Fondi in Italian), a small plain between the Ausoni and Aurunci mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Aurunci Mountains is Mountain range of southern Lazio, in central Italy. The Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno is part of the Mediterranean Sea off of the western coast of Italy. The plain includes three lakes and is agriculturally very fertile. Most in evidence are greenhouses for the production of early crops for sale in Rome. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The 15-km (10mi) sandy beach stretches from Sperlonga in the South-East to Terracina in the North-West and lies along the Gulf of Gaeta, with views (when the weather is clear) to the Pontine Islands. The Gulf of Gaeta is a body of water on the west coast of Italy and part of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The Pontine Islands are an archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the west coast of Italy. It is marked by a somehow well-preserved, typical Mediterranean coastal dune landscape. In physical Geography, a dune is a Hill of Sand built by Aeolian processes.
The territory of Fondi is partially included in the Regional Natural Park of Monti Aurunci.
History
Fondi has an ancient history, beginning with early settlements about 1000 BC: later the area was settled by the Italic tribes of Aurunci and, subsequently, Volsci. Ancient peoples of Italy are all those peoples that lived in Italy (including the islands of Sicily and Sardinia) before the Roman domination The Aurunci were an Italic population which lived in southern Italy from around the 1st millennium BC. The Volsci were an ancient Italic people, well known in the history of the first century of the Roman Republic. According to the legend, it would have been founded by Hercules in memory of the killing of Cacus. Hercules is the Roman name for the Mythical Greek hero Heracles, son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmena. In Roman mythology, Cacus was a fire-breathing monster and the son of Vulcan.
The first historical reference to Fondi dates to 338 BC, at the time of the Latin War, when its inhabitants (together with those of the nearby Formiae) gained minor Roman citizenship status (civitas sine suffragio). Events By place Persian Empire The Persian general and Vizier, the Eunuch Bagoas, falls out of favour with The Latin War (340–338 BC was a conflict between the Roman Republic and its neighbors the Latin peoples of ancient Italy. Formia is a city in the Province of Latina, on the Mediterranean coast of Lazio ( Italy) Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC After a failed attempt of revolt led by Vitruvius Vaccus (330 BC), Fondi remained a Roman prefecture; later (188 BC) it received full citizeship, with a government led by 3 aediles. M Vitruvius Vaccus (d 330 BC was a citizen of Fondi, and the leader of the revolt of the Fundani and Privernates against Rome in 330 BC Events By place Macedonian Empire January 20 — Alexander the Great defeats the Persians, led by satrap Ariobarzanes Events By place Greece The leader of the Achaean League, Philopoemen, enters northern Laconia with his army and a Aedile ( Aedilis, from aedes aedis "temple" "building" was an office of the Roman Republic.
The importance of Fondi lied in its position across the old Via Appia, began in 312 BC, which was for more than two millennia the main roadway from Rome to southern Italy. The Appian Way ( Latin and Italian: Via Appia) was the most important ancient Roman road. Events By place Seleucid Empire Ptolemy and Seleucus, the Satrap of Babylonia, invade the satrapy of The historical center and surrounding wall of Fondi form still today a square, like in the Roman camp walls, whose decumanus was formed by the city tract of the Via Appia. In Roman city planning, a decumanus was an east-west-oriented road in a Roman city Castra (military camp or colonia.
After the Gothic War and the Lombard conquest of Italy, Fondi remained a dominion of the Eastern Roman Empire. See Gothic War (376-382 for the war on the Danube The Gothic War was a war fought in Italy and the adjoining regions of Dalmatia, Sardinia The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Later a part of the Papal States, in 846 it was burnt out by the Saracen coming from their fortress of Garigliano: they settled there until they were defeat in the Battle of Circeus of 877, and Fondi was switched to the Duchy of Gaeta. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Events By Place Europe Nominoe occupies Nantes and Rennes, he makes raids in Anjou and threatens Bayeux Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. The Garigliano is a River in central Italy. It forms at the confluence of the rivers Gari (also known as the Rapido and Liri. Events By Place Asia Indravarman II succeeds Jayavarman III as ruler of the Khmer Empire.
In 1140 Fondi passed to the Dell'Aquila family, of Norman heritage, and then, in 1299, to the powerful Caetani barons (in the person of Loffredo Caetani, nephew of Pope Boniface VIII), who made it for two centuries the centre of their power, and a centre of artistical development as well. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. Caetani, or Gaetani, is the name of a Pisan noble family and a Roman princely family which played a great part in the history of Pisa - one of the four Pope Boniface VIII (c 1235 &ndash October 11, 1303) born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 In 1378 the powerful Count Onorato I Caetani summoned here the conclave in which the cardinals elected Clement VII against the legitimante Urban VI (Western Schism). A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor Pope Urban VI (c 1318 &ndash October 15, 1389) born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389 The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417
The Caetani lost Fondi after the Charles VIII of France's expedition to southern Italy, and it was assigned to the condottiero Prospero Colonna. Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death Prospero Colonna (1452-1523 sometimes referred to as Prosper Colonna, was an Italian Condottiero in the service of the Papal States and the Holy Under the Colonna the city met another period of artistical and cultural splendour, thanks of the court held by Giulia Gonzaga, who lived in Fondi between 1526 and 1534. The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one Pope and many other leaders Giulia Gonzaga ( 1513 - April 16, 1566) was an Italian noblewoman of Renaissance age
In 1534, Fondi was sacked by Barbarossa, who was seeking to kidnap the beautiful Giulia and bring her as a gift to his emperor Suleiman. Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha ( Turkish: Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa or Hızır Hayreddin Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the Suleiman I (سليمان Sulaymān, Süleyman almost always Kanuni Sultan Süleyman) ( 6 November 1494 5/ 6 September 1566 However, she managed to escape. Another sack followed in 1594, starting the decline of the city, which had in the meantime passed to the Carafa of Stigliano. Carafa (alternate spelling Caraffa) is the name of a prominent Neapolitan family of Italian nobles, Clergy, and men of arts Stigliano is a town and Comune in the Province of Matera, in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. In 1720 Fondi was acquired by the di Sangro family. Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting
In 1818 the declining city, surrounded by marshes affected by malaria and brigantage, lost the bishopric seat existing there since the very early years of Christianism. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including
Economy
Agriculture in the area around Fondi has been always favoured by the presence of abundant water sources and by the climatic conditions. The traditional production of agrumes has been recently supplanted by that of vegetables and fruit. The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology.
Fondi is the seat of an important market for agriculture and food products which distribute some 1 million tons of agriculture products every year.
Main sights
Fondi's main sights include:
- The Castle, with a characteristical round tower standing up to more than 30 meters, symbol of the city. The castle was built in the 14th century by Onorato I Caetani over a stretch of ancient Roman walls. In the 16th century it was the seat of Giulia Gonzaga's court of literates and artists. Since 1987 it houses the City's Museum.
- The adjacent Palazzo del Principe ("Prince's Palace"), constructed in 1466-1477 and attributed to the Catalan architect Matteo Forcimanya. Its portals, the bifora, the court and the loggiato forma an interesting synthesis of Catalan-Gothic and Angevine architectures. Loggia is the name given to an Architectural feature originally of Italian design which is often a gallery or Corridor generally on the ground See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. Anjou is a former County (c 880) Duchy ( 1360) and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower
- The Cathedral of St. Peter (Duomo, 14th century), built over a Roman edifice, identified as a temple of Jupiter. It houses the sepulchre of Cristoforo Caetani, a marble bishop cathedra and Cosmatesque pulpit from the 13th century, an Annunciation Tryptych by Cristoforo Scacco and Majesty with St. Cosmatesque style is a style of floor-making typical of Medieval era Italy, and especially of Rome and its surroundings Peter and St. Paul by Antoniazzo Romano. Antoniazzo Romano, born Antonio di Benedetto Aquilo degli Aquili (c
- The Collegiata di Santa Maria Assunta, preceded by a wide staircase and built in the 15th century by Onorato II Caetani. It has a Latin cross plant, with an aisle and two naves: main points of interests are a cyborium from 1491 and the venerated statue of the Madonna of the Sky.
- The medieval churches of San Domenico and San Francesco.
See also
- Caetani
- Giulia Gonzaga
- Lake of Fondi
External links
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