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"Folk song" redirects here. For other uses, see Folk song (disambiguation).

Folk song can have a number of different meanings, including:

Contents

Traditional music

Main article: Traditional music

ref> The Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary defines it as "music of the common people that has been passed on by memorization or repetition rather than by writing, and has deep roots in its own culture. The American folk music revival was a phenomenon in the United States in the 1950s to mid-1960s Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie (July 14 1912–October 3 1967 was an American Singer-songwriter and Folk musician Guthrie's musical legacy Peter "Pete" Seeger (born May 3 1919 is an American folk singer political Activist, and a key figure in the mid-20th century American Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known Traditional music is the term now used in the terminology of Grammy Awards for what used to be called " folk music " "[1] It is still being passed on in this way today.

According to Webster's dictionary, folk music is the "traditional and typically anonymous music that is an expression of the life of the people in a community". People play and sing together rather than watching others perform.

Folk music is somewhat synonymous with traditional music. Both terms are used semi-interchangeably amongst the general population; however, some musical communities that actively play living folkloric musics (see Irish traditional music and Traditional Filipino music for specific examples), have adopted the term traditional music as a means of distinguishing their music from the popular music called "folk music", especially the post-1960s "singer-songwriter" genre. The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has Traditional Music in the Philippines, like the Traditional music of other countries reflects the life of common folk mainly living in rural areas rather than urban ones Singer-songwriter is a term that refers to Performers who write, compose and sing their own material including Lyrics

The terminology used for the Grammy Awards first included the word "folk" in 1959. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences In 1970 this was changed to "Ethnic or Traditional", to make a distinction from protest song or singer-songwriter. The phrase "singer-songwriter" has never been used by them. Instead they have used the phrase "male pop vocal" to include everything from James Taylor to Stevie Wonder. In 1969 the "Songwriters Hall of Fame" was set up. Their website identifies the Brill Building songwriters as the earliest singer-songwriters. The Brill Building (built 1931 is an office building located at 1619 Broadway in New York City, just north of Times Square. In Europe, however, there is some awareness that Jacques Brel was an important pioneer of angst-ridden confessional songs, years before Carole King was successful. Jacques Romain Georges Brel (ʒak bʀɛl in French (8 April 1929 &ndash 9 October 1978 was a Belgian Singer-songwriter. Carole King (born February 9, 1942) is an American Singer, Songwriter, and Pianist.

Defining a folk song

Folk songs are commonly seen as songs that express something about a way of life that exists now or existed in the past or is about to disappear (or in some cases, to be preserved or somehow revived). However, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music (or folklore, or the folk) is. [2]

Gene Shay, co-founder and host of the Philadelphia Folk Festival, defined folk music in an April 2003 interview by saying: "In the strictest sense, it's music that is rarely written for profit. Gene Shay (born Ivan Shaner March 4 1935 Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is a representative of Philadelphia 's Folk music scene The Philadelphia Folk Festival is a three-day festival of Folk music that has been held annually in Schwenksville Pennsylvania in the vicinity of Philadelphia It's music that has endured and been passed down by oral tradition. Oral tradition, oral culture and oral lore is a way for a society to transmit history, literature, law and other Knowledges [. . . ] Also, what distinguishes folk music is that it is participatory—you don't have to be a great musician to be a folk singer. [. . . ] And finally, it brings a sense of community. It's the people's music. "

Recent research has suggested that the "folk process" may not be so simple to distinguish from other popular music processes. Early folk music was often written down and transformed by experts, even though they may have been amateurs.


Charles Seeger (1980) describes three contemporary defining criteria of folk music:[3]

  1. A "schema comprising four musical types: 'primitive' or 'tribal'; 'elite' or 'art'; 'folk'; and 'popular'. Usually. . . folk music is associated with a lower class in societies which are culturally and socially stratified, that is, which have developed an elite, and possibly also a popular, musical culture. " Cecil Sharp (1907)?, A. L. Lloyd (1972).
  2. "Cultural processes rather than abstract musical types. . . continuity and oral transmission. . . seen as characterizing one side of a cultural dichotomy, the other side of which is found not only in the lower layers of feudal, capitalist and some oriental societies but also in 'primitive' societies and in parts of 'popular cultures'. " Redfield (1947) and Dundes (1965).
  3. Less prominent, "a rejection of rigid boundaries, preferring a conception, simply of varying practice within one field, that of 'music'. "

Some consider "folk music" simply music that a (usually) local population can - and does - sing along to. Much modern popular music over the past few decades falls into this category. Jack Knight, a modern songwriter, defines a "folk song" as any song that when played or performed gets people's lips moving in unison. Jazz musician Louis Armstrong and blues musician Big Bill Broonzy have both been attributed with the remark, "All music is folk music. Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter Big Bill Broonzy ( 26 June 1898 &ndash 14 August 1958) was a prolific American Blues Singer, songwriter I ain't never heard a horse sing a song. "

Classical and folk

There was a vogue for folk music during the start of the Romantic period. One of the first to use it was Josef Haydn (see Haydn and folk music). This article discusses the influence of Folk music on the work of the composer Joseph Haydn (1732-1809 Beethoven made arrangements of Irish, Welsh and Scottish folk songs (over 150 settings) (see List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven). The Musical works of Ludwig van Beethoven ( 1770 – 1827) are known by various designations including by the Opus numbers assigned by Later composers used the material more liberally. Liszt, Brahms, Bruch, Tchaikovsky and Dvorak wrote folk dances that are often indistinguishable from tunes that come from the authentic tradition. Percy Grainger particularly enjoyed Morris dance tunes, and made many keyboard settings of them. Ralph Vaughan Williams made choral arrangement of English folk songs. Holst composed pseudo-folk dance tunes, as did Malcolm Arnold. Benjamin Britten made voice-and-piano arrangements of folk songs, though the chromatic harmonisation probably makes them hard for a folk enthusiast to enjoy. Using early types of recording equipment Bartok and Grainger made field recordings of folk singers and musicians. Bartok also arranged Magyar dances for keyboard, though they tend to be remote from the originals.

Folk revivals

Main article: Roots revival
See also: American folk music revival

As folk traditions decline, there is often a conscious effort to resuscitate them. A roots revival ( folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors The American folk music revival was a phenomenon in the United States in the 1950s to mid-1960s Such efforts are often exerted by bridge figures such as Jean Ritchie, described above. Folk revivals also involve collaboration between traditional folk musicians and other participants (often of urban background) who come to the tradition as adults.

The folk revival of the 1950's in Britain and America had something of this character. In 1950 Alan Lomax came to Britain, where at a Working Men's Club in the remote County Durham mining village of Tow Law he met two other seminal figures: A.L.'Bert' Lloyd and Ewan MacColl, who were performing folk music to the locals there. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Albert Lancaster Lloyd ( 29 February, 1908 - 29 September, 1982) usually known as A Ewan MacColl ( 25 January, 1915 - 22 October, 1989) was a British Folk singer, Songwriter, Socialist Lloyd was a colourful figure who had travelled the world and worked at such varied occupations as sheep-shearer in Australia and shanty-man on a whaling ship. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Sea shanties (singular " shanty " also spelled " chantey " derived from the French word "chanter" 'to sing' were Shipboard MacColl, born in Salford of Scottish parents, was a brilliant playwright and songwriter who had been strongly politicised by his earlier life. MacColl had also learned a large body of Scottish traditional songs from his mother. The meeting of MacColl and Lloyd with Lomax is credited with being the point at which the British roots revival began. A roots revival ( folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors The two colleagues went back to London where they formed the Ballads and Blues Club which eventually became renamed the Singers' Club and was possibly the first of what became known as folk clubs. A Folk club is a regular event permanent venue or section of a venue devoted to Folk music and Traditional music. It closed in 1991. As the 1950s progressed into the 1960s, the folk revival movement built up in both Britain and America. It is sometimes claimed that the earliest folk festival was the Mountain Dance and Folk Festival, 1928, in Asheville, Carolina, founded by Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Bascom Lamar Lunsford ( March 21, 1882 - September 4, 1973) was a lawyer folklorist and performer of traditional ( folk and Sidmouth Festival began in 1954, and Cambridge Folk Festival began in 1965.

Brittany's Folk revival began in the 1950's with the "bagadoù" and the "kan-ha-diskan" before growing to world fame through Alan Stivell 's work since the mid-1960's. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany

Eastern Europe

Main article: Music of Eastern Europe

During the Communist era national folk dancing was actively promoted by the state. Dance troupes from Russia and Poland toured Western Europe many times from about 1937 to 1990, and less frequently thereafter. The best known were the Red Army Choir and dancers. They recorded many albums. From Bulgaria, an all-female choir from Bulgarian State Radio sold albums around Europe. The first and most famous was "Le Mystere des Voix Bulgares" which even gained a certain chic after being promoted by British DJ John Peel. The Bulgarian State Television Female Vocal Choir is an internationally renowned World Music ensemble that blends traditional six-part A cappella repertoire with In Hungary, the group Muzsikás and the singer Márta Sebestyén became known throughout the world due to their numerous American tours and their participation in the Hollywood movie The English Patient and Sebestyén's work with the Deep Forest band. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Muzsikás is a Hungarian musical group playing mainly folk music of Hungary and other countries and peoples of the region Márta Sebestyén (born August 19, 1957, Budapest) is a Hungarian folk vocalist The English Patient is a 1996 film adaptation of the novel by the same name by Michael Ondaatje. Deep Forest is a musical group consisting of two French musicians Eric Mouquet and Michel Sanchez.

Another example is the Hungarian model, the táncház movement. Táncház (pronounced 'taːnʦhaːz approx " tants -hoz" literally "dance house" is an aspect of the Hungarian Roots revival of traditional This model involves strong cooperation between musicology experts and enthusiastic amateurs, resulting in a strong vocational foundation and a very high professional level. They also had the advantage that rich, living traditions of Hungarian folk music and folk culture still survived in rural areas, but also in Romania (especially Transylvania). The involvement of experts meant an effort to understand and revive folk traditions in their full complexity. Music, dance, and costumes remained together as they once had been in the rural communities: rather than merely reviving folk music, the movement revived broader folk traditions. Started in the 1970s, tanchaz soon became a massive movement creating an alternative leisure activity for youths apart from discos and music clubs—or one could say that it created a new kind of music club. The tanchaz movement spread to ethnic Hungarian communities around the world. Today, almost every major city in the U. S. and Australia has its own Hungarian folk music and folk dance group; there are also groups in Japan, Hong Kong, Argentina and Western Europe.

Balkans

Tanec, Republic of Macedonia
Tanec, Republic of Macedonia
Main article: Balkan music

The Balkan folk music is a type of folk music distinct from others in Europe. Tanec (Танец is an eminent professional large Folklore Musical ensemble from Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. The Republic of Macedonia (Република The music of Southeastern Europe or Balkan music is a type of music distinct from others in Europe The music of Southeastern Europe or Balkan music is a type of music distinct from others in Europe This is mainly because it was influenced by traditional music of the Balkan ethnic groups and mutual music influences of this ethnic groups in the period of Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The music is sometimes characterised by complex rhythm. It comprises the music of: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Turkey and other countries including the historical states such as the Ottoman Empire, Yugoslavia or the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro and the geographical regions such as Thrace. Like the surrounding Balkan countries Bosnia and Herzegovina has had a turbulent past marked by frequent foreign invasions and occupation The music of Croatia, like the country itself has three major influences the influence of the Mediterranean especially present in the coastal areas of the Balkans The musical legacy of Greece is as diverse as its history. Cypriot music has certain similarities to traditional Greek Music, and their The music of Montenegro represents a mix of the country's unique musical tradition and Western musical influences The Music of the Serbian people and Serbia presents a mixture of the traditional music which is part of the wider Balkan tradition with its own distinctive Music of the Republic of Macedonia and Ethnic Macedonians has many things in common with the music of neighbouring Balkan countries Albania is a Southeast European nation that was ruled by Enver Hoxha 's communist government for much of the later part of the 20th century it is now a democratic The music of Turkey includes diverse elements ranging from Central Asian folk music and music from Ottoman Empire dominions such as Persian music, Music of Yugoslavia was the Music of Yugoslavia. Meaning Music of Yugoslavia can mean Music of Kingdom of Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro was a Balkan country recently ravaged by war that has caused widespread migration and cultural oppression Music of Thrace is the Music of Thrace, a region in Southeastern Europe spread over southern Bulgaria ( Northern Thrace) northeastern An important part of the whole Balkan folk music is the music of the local Romani ethnic minority. Typically nomadic the Roma people have long acted as wandering entertainers and tradesmen

The emergence of popular folk artists

During the twentieth century, a crucial change in the history of folk music began. Folk material came to be adopted by artists who marketed themselves more widely alongside other popular artists; they performed traditional music and songs in amplified concerts, and disseminated their work by recordings and broadcasting. In other words, a new genre of popular music had arisen. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more This genre was linked by nostalgia and imitation to the original traditions of folk music as it was sung by ordinary people. However, as a popular genre it quickly evolved to be quite different from its original roots.

The rise of folk music as a popular genre began with performers whose own lives were rooted in the authentic folk tradition. Thus, for example, Woody Guthrie began by singing songs he remembered his mother singing to him as a child. Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie (July 14 1912–October 3 1967 was an American Singer-songwriter and Folk musician Guthrie's musical legacy Later, in the 1930s and 1940s, Guthrie collected folk music and also composed his own songs, as did Pete Seeger, who was the son of a professional musicologist. Peter "Pete" Seeger (born May 3 1919 is an American folk singer political Activist, and a key figure in the mid-20th century American Musicology ( Greek: μουσική = "music" and λόγος = "word" or "reason" is the scholarly study of Music Through dissemination on commercial recordings, this vein of music became popular in the United States during the 1930s (Jimmie Rodgers), the 1940s (Burl Ives), but more significantly, in the 1950s, through singers like the Weavers (Seeger's group), Harry Belafonte, The Kingston Trio, and The Limeliters, who tried to reproduce and honor the work that had been collected in preceding decades. Burl Icle Ivanhoe Ives ( 14 June 1909 &ndash 14 April 1995) was an Academy Award winning American actor and acclaimed The Weavers were an influential American Folk music quartet based in the Greenwich Village area of New York City. Harold George Belafonte Jr (born March 1 1927 is an American musician actor and Social activist. The Kingston Trio is an American folk and Pop music group that helped launch the folk revival of the late 1950s to early 1960s The Limeliters are a folk music group formed in July 1959 by Lou Gottlieb (bass Alex Hassilev (baritone and Glenn Yarbrough (tenor The commercial popularity of such performers probably peaked in the U. S. with the Hootenanny television series[4] and the associated magazine ABC-TV Hootenanny in 1963–1964, which was cancelled after the arrival of the Beatles, the "British invasion" and the rise of folk rock. Hootenanny was a musical variety Television show broadcast in the United States on ABC from April 1963 to September 1964 Linda Solomon (b May 10, 1937, Boston Massachusetts) is an American Music critic and editor Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of Folk music and rock music.

The itinerant folksinger lifestyle was exemplified by Ramblin' Jack Elliott, a disciple of Woody Guthrie who in turn influenced Bob Dylan. Ramblin' Jack Elliott (born Elliott Charles Adnopoz, August 1, 1931) is an American folk performer Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Sometimes these performers would locate scholarly work in libraries and revive the songs in their recordings, for example, in Joan Baez's rendition of "Henry Martin", which adds a guitar accompaniment to a version collected and edited by Cecil Sharp. Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles Publications like Sing Out! magazine helped spread both traditional and composed songs, as did folk-revival-oriented record companies. Sing Out! is a quarterly journal of Folk music and Folk songs that has been published since May 1950 Although forever associated with folk/protest music of the 1960's, it should be noted that Bob Dylan never thought of himself solely as a folk musician.

Folk music is easily identified with the ordinary working people who created it, and preserving treasured things against the claimed relentless encroachments of capitalism is likewise a goal of many politically progressive people. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Thus, in the 1960s such singers as Joan Baez, Phil Ochs, Tom Paxton, and Bob Dylan followed in Guthrie's footsteps and to begin writing "protest music" and topical songs, particularly against the Vietnam War, and likewise expressed in song their support for the American Civil Rights Movement. Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known Philip David Ochs ( December 19 1940 – April 9 1976) was a U Thomas Richard Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is a well-known American folk singer and Singer-songwriter who has been writing Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie (July 14 1912–October 3 1967 was an American Singer-songwriter and Folk musician Guthrie's musical legacy A protest song is a Song which Protests against perceived problems in Society. A topical song is a Song that comments on political and/or social events The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African The influential Welsh-language singer-songwriter, Dafydd Iwan, may also be mentioned as a similar example operating in a different cultural context. Dafydd Iwan (born 23 August, 1943) is a Welsh folk singer and politician Some critics, especially proponents of the ethnocentric Neofolk genre, claim that this type of American 'progressive' folk is not folk music at all, but 'anti-folk'. Neofolk is a form of Folk music -inspired experimental music that emerged from post-industrial music circles This is based on the idea that as liberal politics supposedly eschews the importance of ethnicity, it is incompatible with all folkish traditions. Proponents of this view often cite romantic nationalism as the only political tradition that 'fits' with folk music. Romantic nationalism (also National Romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of Nationalism in which the state derives

Simultaneous to the American folk movement was the Canadian folk movement, exemplified by artists Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, and Joni Mitchell, all three of whom would become the only singers to receive an Order of Canada, and all of whom would achieve varying degrees of lasting international success. Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Jr, (born November 17, 1938) is a Canadian singer and songwriter who achieved international success in folk country and Leonard Norman Cohen CC GOQ (born September 21, 1934 in Westmount, Quebec) is a Canadian Singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7 1943) is a Canadian Musician, Songwriter, and The Order of Canada is the highest civilian honour within the Canadian system of honours, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the order's Latin

In Ireland, The Clancy Brothers & Tommy Makem (although the members were all Irish born, the group became famous while based in New York's Greenwich Village, it must be noted), The Dubliners, Clannad, Planxty, The Chieftains, The Pogues and a variety of other folk bands have done much over recent years to revitalise and re-popularise Irish traditional music. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Clancy Brothers were an Irish Folk music singing group most popular in the 1960s who are often credited with popularizing Irish traditional music The Dubliners are an Irish folk band founded in 1962. Formation and history The Dubliners formed in 1962 Clannad are a Grammy Award -winning Irish musical group, from Gweedore ( Gaoth Dobhair) County Donegal. Planxty is an Irish Folk music band formed in the 1970s consisting in its original configuration of Christy Moore (vocals acoustic guitar The Chieftains are a Grammy -winning Irish musical group founded in 1962 best known for being the first band to make Irish traditional music popular The Pogues are a band of mixed Irish and English background playing Traditional Irish music with influences from Punk rock, formed in 1982 and fronted by Shane The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has These bands were rooted, to a greater or lesser extent, in a living tradition of Irish music, and they benefited from collection efforts on the part of the likes of Seamus Ennis and Peter Kennedy, among others. Séamus Ennis ( 5 May 1919 &ndash 5 October 1982) was an Irish piper singer and folk-song collector Peter Douglas Kennedy (November 18 1922 - June 10 2006 was an English collector of folk songs in the 1950s

In the United Kingdom, the folk revival didn’t create any popular stars (although Ewan MacColl's “The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face” would eventually prove to be a hit for other artists), but it helped raise the profile of the music, and folk clubs sprang up all over, a boon to young artists like Martin Carthy and Roy Bailey who emerged. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ewan MacColl ( 25 January, 1915 - 22 October, 1989) was a British Folk singer, Songwriter, Socialist Martin Carthy MBE is an English folk singer and Guitarist who has remained one of the most influential figures in British traditional music Roy Bailey (born 20 October 1935, in London) is a British Socialist Folk singer. It also inspired a generation of singer-songwriters, such as Bert Jansch, Ralph McTell (whose “Streets Of London” would become a hit), Donovan, Roy Harper and many others. Herbert Jansch (born 3 November 1943 known as Bert Jansch, is a Scottish Folk musician and founding member of the band Pentangle. Ralph McTell (born Ralph May in Farnborough, England, 3 December, 1944) is an English singer/songwriter and acoustic guitar player who has been Donovan ( Donovan Phillips Leitch, born 10 May 1946 in Glasgow) is a Scottish Singer-songwriter and guitarist For the comic book character see Roy Harper (comics Roy Harper (born June 12, 1941) is an English Bob Dylan came to London to check out the growing folk scene of the early 1960s, and Paul Simon spent several months there; his version of “Scarborough Fair” owed a lot to Carthy's take on the song. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13 1941 is an American Songwriter, Musician, and member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Folk didn’t hit any kind of mass popularity until the electric folk movement of Fairport Convention, The Byrds and Steeleye Span took old songs and mixed their tunes with rock. Electric folk is a genre of music in which British and Celtic Traditional music is played in a Rock music style The Byrds were a popular American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964 Steeleye Span is a British Electric folk band formed in 1969 and remaining active today Both bands had hit singles and albums that sold well, bringing a new audience to traditional music. A hit single is a recorded track or single that has become very popular

The revival of the fifties and sixties had mostly died out by 1975. There was another revival in the second half of the 1990s. Once more folk music made an impact on mainstream music. There was a younger generation of artists, in some cases children of revival-inspired artists; (Eliza Carthy, for example, is the daughter of Martin Carthy and Norma Waterson). Eliza Carthy (born August 23, 1975 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire) is an English folk musician known for both singing Norma Christine Waterson, born August 15 1939, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire This time, notably, the instrumentation was largely acoustic, rather than electric. The skill level of players and singers was as high as before. As the number of summer folk festivals increased, so more talented performers have come in, and folk music has found at least a toehold in the mainstream with artists like Kate Rusby and Spiers and Boden featured in the press. Kate Rusby (born December 4, 1973) is an English Folk singer and songwriter from Barnsley, South Yorkshire sometimes Spiers and Boden are an English folk duo John Spiers plays Melodeon, Concertina and other Squeezeboxes while Jon

The blending of folk and popular genres

The experience of the 20th century suggests that as soon as a folk tradition comes to be marketed as popular music, its musical content will quickly be modified to become more like popular music. Such modified folk music often incorporates electric guitars, drum kit, or forms of rhythmic syncopation that are characteristic of popular music but were absent in the original. An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells In Music, syncopation includes a variety of Rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced

One example of this sort is contemporary country music, which descends ultimately from a rural American folk tradition, but has evolved to become vastly different from its original model. Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. Rap music evolved from an African-American inner-city folk tradition, but is likewise very different nowadays from its folk original. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with A third example is contemporary bluegrass, which is a professionalised development of American old time music, intermixed with blues and jazz. Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music, and is a sub-genre of Country music. Old-time music is a form of North American Folk music, with roots in the Folk musics of many countries including England, Scotland, The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States

Sometimes, however, the exponents of amplified music were bands such as Fairport Convention, Pentangle, Mr. Fox and Steeleye Span who saw the electrification of traditional musical forms as a means to reach a far wider audience, and their efforts have been largely recognised for what they were by even some of the most die-hard of purists. Pentangle is a British Folk rock (or folk-jazz band The original band was active in the late 1960s and early 1970s its successor has been active since the early Mr Fox were a band part of the British " Electric folk " or " Folk rock " movement circa 1970 Steeleye Span is a British Electric folk band formed in 1969 and remaining active today Traditional folk music forms also merged with rock and roll to form the hybrid generally known as folk rock which evolved through performers such as The Byrds, Simon and Garfunkel and The Mamas and the Papas. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of Folk music and rock music. The Byrds were a popular American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964 Simon & Garfunkel are an American Singer-songwriter duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. The Mamas & the Papas (credited as The Mama's and the Papa's on the debut album cover were a Vocal group of the 1960s. Since the 1970s a genre of "contemporary folk", fueled by new singer-songwriters, has continued to make the coffee-house circuit and keep the tradition of acoustic non-classical music alive in the United States. Such artists include Chris Castle, Steve Goodman, and John Prine. Steve Goodman ( July 25, 1948 – September 20, 1984) was an American Folk music Singer-songwriter from John Prine (born October 10, 1946, in Maywood Illinois) is a Grammy Award-winning American country / folk Singer-songwriter While from Ireland The Pogues and The Corrs brought traditional tunes back into the album charts. The Pogues are a band of mixed Irish and English background playing Traditional Irish music with influences from Punk rock, formed in 1982 and fronted by Shane The Corrs are a Celtic Folk rock group from Dundalk, County Louth Ireland. An album or record album is a collection of related audio or Music tracks distributed to the public

In the 1980s a group of artists like Phranc and The Knitters propagated a form of folk music also called country punk, cowpunk or folk punk, which eventually evolved into alt country. Phranc (born Susan Gottlieb on August 28, 1957 in Los Angeles California) is an American Singer-songwriter whose career The Knitters are a longstanding Los Angeles based band who play country, Rockabilly and Folk music. Cowpunk or Country punk is a subgenre of Punk rock that began in Southern California in the 1980s especially Los Angeles. Folk punk is a fusion of Folk music and Punk rock. Folk punk in the United Kingdom has existed almost as long as punk rock itself Alternative country is a term used to describe a number of Country music subgenres that tend to differ from mainstream or pop country music More recently the same spirit has been embraced and expanded on by performers such as Dave Alvin, Miranda Stone and Steve Earle. Dave Alvin (born November 11, 1955, in Downey California) is a Guitarist, singer and Songwriter. Someone once wrote that after browsing through Miranda Stone’s web-site they had determined that it wasn’t a folk-singer they were seeing but rather a “culture Stephen 'Steve' Fain Earle (ɝl is an American Singer-songwriter, well known for his rock and Country music, as well as his political views At the same time, a line of singers from Joan Baez to Tom Paxton have continued to use traditional forms for original material. Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known Thomas Richard Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is a well-known American folk singer and Singer-songwriter who has been writing

The appropriation of folk has even continued into hard rock and heavy metal, with bands such as Korpiklaani, Skyclad, Waylander and Finntroll melding distinctive elements of folk styles from a wide variety of traditions, including in many cases traditional instruments such as fiddles, tin whistles, accordions and bagpipes as an element of their sound. Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock Korpiklaani is a Folk metal band from Finland who are formerly known as Shaman. Skyclad are a British Heavy metal band with heavy Folk influences in their music Waylander is a Northern Irish band influential in the realms of Celtic Folk metal. Finntroll is a Folk metal band from Finland. They combine elements of Black metal with Finnish Polka, called Humppa Classical music Since the Baroque era the violin ( Baroque violin) has been one of the most important of all instruments in classical music, for several The tin whistle, also called the tinwhistle, whistle, pennywhistle or Irish whistle, is a simple six-holed Woodwind instrument The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag Unlike other folk-related genres, folk metal shies away from monotheistic religion in favour of more ancient pagan inspired themes. Folk metal is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music that developed in Europe during the 1990s Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world Folk inspirations are a massive part of subgenres of black metal, with genres such as viking metal being defined on their folk stance, and many a band incorporating folk interludes into albums (eg, Bergtatt and Kveldssanger, the first two albums by once-black metal, now-experimental band Ulver). Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It often employs fast tempos shrieked vocals highly distorted guitars played with Tremolo picking, Viking metal is a subgenre of Heavy metal music characterised by its galloping pace keyboard-rich anthemic sound bleakness and dramatic emphasis on Norse mythology Bergtatt - Et eeventyr i 5 capitler ("Spellbound - A Fairy Tale in 5 Chapters" is the debut album by the Norwegian band Ulver. Kveldssanger ( Twilight Songs) is the second album by Norwegian band Ulver. Experimental music is a term introduced by composer John Cage in 1955 Ulver ( Norwegian for “ wolves ” is a multi-disciplinary musical trio from Norway. There is also a Metal band that uses medieval instruments along with guitars.

A similar stylistic shift, without using the "folk music" name, has occurred with the phenomenon of Celtic music, which in many cases is based on an amalgamation of Irish traditional music, Scottish traditional music, and other traditional musics associated with lands in which Celtic languages are or were spoken (a significant research showing that the musics have any genuine genetic relationship is still to be done - at this point, only a book in French written by Alan Stivell studies a bit the subject of Celtic Music-); so Breton music and Galician music are often included in the genre). Celtic music is a term utilised by artists record companies music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of Musical genres that evolved out of the Folk The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to Pop music The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany Since the early 1970 Brittany has experienced a revival of its Folk music, modernizing and adapting it into Folk rock and other fusion genres The traditional music of Galicia and Asturias has some similarities with the neighbouring areas of Cantabria, León, Castile and northern

Most filk music can also be considered folk music both stylistically and culturally (though the 'community' it arose from, is an unusual and thoroughly modern one). Filk is a musical culture genre and community tied to science fiction/fantasy fandom. [5]

Neofolk music is a modern form of music that began in the 1980s. Neofolk is a form of Folk music -inspired experimental music that emerged from post-industrial music circles Fusing traditional European folk music with post-industrial music forms, historical topics, philosophical commentary, traditional songs and paganism, the genre is largely European. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world Although it is not uncommon for neofolk artists to be entirely acoustic, playing with entirely traditional instruments.

Another trend is "anti-folk", begun in New York City in the 1980s by Lach in response to the "confined" American folk music revival. Lach is a musician associated with the Anti-folk movement Born in Brooklyn New York he was trained as a classical pianist from an early age only to abandon it once he heard The American folk music revival was a phenomenon in the United States in the 1950s to mid-1960s It now has a home at the Antihootenany in the East Village, where artists like Beck, Regina Spektor, the Moldy Peaches and Nellie McKay got their starts, and artists continue to push the envelope of "folk. "

The Contemporary Christian Music scene has also been emerging with its own form of folk singers, including David M. Bailey, the Smalltown Poets and others. Contemporary Christian Music (or CCM; also by its religious neutral term " inspirational music " is a genre of Popular music which is David M Bailey is an American Singer/songwriter who was born on February 26, 1966, and has released eighteen albums since 1997 primarily Smalltown Poets is a Christian rock band formed in 1996. It was formed in Tifton Georgia by High school friends Michael Johnston

Folk music is still popular among some audiences today, with folk music clubs meeting to share traditional-style songs, and there are major folk music festivals in many countries, eg the Port Fairy Folk Festival is a major annual event in Australia attracting top international folk performers as well as many local artists. Port Fairy is a coastal town in western Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Princes Highway in the Shire of Moyne west of Warrnambool Indeed, even for those who consider themselves hip, the arrival of Americana and Naturalismo including the music of Bonnie "Prince" Billy, Devendra Banhart, Tin Pan Caravan, Moses Atwood and many others have shown that folk music can still be cutting edge. Americana refers to artifacts of the Culture of the United States, the history and folklore resultant from its Westward expansion. Freak folk is a genre of Folk music associated with contemporary artists like Devendra Banhart, Joanna Newsom, Hecuba, Akron/Family Will Oldham, aka Bonnie 'Prince' Billy (born 24 December 1970 in Louisville Kentucky) is an American Singer, Songwriter, Devendra Banhart (born May 30 1981) is a Venezuelan - American Folk rock Singer-songwriter and Musician.

The Cambridge Folk Festival in Cambridge, England is always sold out within days, and is noted for having a very wide definition of who can be invited as folk musicians. Cambridge Folk Festival is an annual Music festival held on the site of Cherry Hinton Hall in Cherry Hinton, one of the villages subsumed by the city of The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The "club tents" allow attendees to discover large numbers of unknown artists, who, for ten or 15 minutes each, present their work to the festival audience.

In Germany Ougenweide is a well-known folk band. Ougenweide is a Progressive rock band from Germany They are notable for being pioneers of the Mittelalter rock subgenre

Pastiche and parody

Popular culture sometimes creates pastiches of folk music for its own ends. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic Genre. One famous example is the pseudo-ballad sung about brave Sir Robin in the film Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Monty Python and the Holy Grail is a 1975 film written and performed by the comedy group Monty Python ( Graham Chapman, John Cleese Enthusiasts for folk music might properly consider this song to be pastiche and not parody, because the tune is pleasant and far from inept, and the topic being lampooned is not balladry but the medieval heroic tradition. A parody (ˈpɛɹədiː US, [ˈpaɹədiː] UK) in contemporary usage is a work created to mock comment on or poke fun at an original work its subject The arch-shaped melodic form of this song (first and last lines low in pitch, middle lines high) is characteristic of traditional English folk music. A more recent similarly incisive send-up of folk music, this time American in origin, is the film A Mighty Wind by Christopher Guest and Eugene Levy. A Mighty Wind is a 2003 pseudo-documentary about a Folk music reunion concert and the three groups that must come together to perform on national television Christopher Guest (born February 5 1948 is an Emmy Award-winning writer Grammy Award-winning composer/musician director and comic actor Eugene Levy (born December 17, 1946) is a Canadian Emmy - and Grammy Award -winning Actor, Television director

In the magazine fRoots there was a long-running parody of the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally A parody (ˈpɛɹədiː US, [ˈpaɹədiː] UK) in contemporary usage is a work created to mock comment on or poke fun at an original work its subject The English Folk Dance and Song Society formed in 1932 when two organisations merged the Folk-Song Society and the English Folk Dance Society formed by Cecil Sharp in 1911 They were called "Dance Earnestly and Forget About Song Society" (DEAFASS). DEAFASS supporters favored the accordion over the melodeon and the string bass over the electric bass. The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the

Another instance of pastiche is the notoriously well-known theme song for the television show Gilligan's Island (music by George Wyle, lyrics by Sherwood Schwartz). Gilligan's Island is an American TV sitcom originally produced by United Artists Television. George Wyle ( 22 March 1916 &ndash 2 May 2003) born Bernard Weissman, was an American Orchestra leader and Sherwood Charles Schwartz (born November 14 1916) is an American television producer. This tune is also folk-like in character, and in fact is written in a traditional folk mode (modes are a type of musical scale); the mode of "Gilligan's Island" is ambiguous between Dorian and Aeolian. In Music, a scale is an ordered series of Musical intervals which along with the key or tonic, define the pitches However mode In Music, a scale is a group of musical notes collected in ascending and descending order that provides material for or is used to conveniently represent part or all Due to historical confusion Dorian mode or Doric mode can refer to two very different Musical modes or Diatonic scales Greek The Aeolian mode is a Musical mode or Diatonic scale. An Aeolian mode formed part of the Music theory of Ancient Greece, based around The lyrics begin with the traditional folk device in which the singer invites his hearers to listen to the tale that follows. Moreover, two of the stanzas repeat the final short line, a common device in English folk stanzas. However, the raising of the key by a semitone with each new verse is an unmistakable trait of commercial music and never occurred in the original folk tradition. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more

Folk music is easy to parody because it is, at present, a popular music genre that relies on a traditional music genre. A parody (ˈpɛɹədiː US, [ˈpaɹədiː] UK) in contemporary usage is a work created to mock comment on or poke fun at an original work its subject Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more As such, it is likely to lack the sophistication and glamour that attach to other forms of popular music. Folk music satire ranges from the worst excesses of Rambling Syd Rumpo and Bill Oddie to the deft and subtle artistry of Sid Kipper, Eric Idle and Tom Lehrer. Rambling Syd Rumpo was a folk singer character played by English Comedian Kenneth Williams in the radio comedy series Round the Horne. William Edgar Oddie, OBE (born 7 July 1941 is an English Actor, Writer, Comedian, Natural history Presenter Chris Sugden is a Norfolk humorist best known for his portrayal of fictional folk singer Sid Kipper, the younger half of The Kipper Family. Eric Idle (born 29 March 1943 is an English Comedian, Actor, Author, Singer and Composer of comedic songs Thomas Andrew "Tom" Lehrer (born April 9 1928)is an American Singer-songwriter, satirist, Pianist, and mathematician Even "serious" folk musicians are not averse to poking fun at the form from time to time, for example Martin Carthy's devastating rendition of "All the Hard Cheese of Old England" (written by Les Barker), to the tune of "All the Hard Times of Old England", Robb Johnson's "Lack of Jolly Ploughboy", and more recently "I'm Sending an E-mail to Santa" by the Yorkshire-based harmony group Artisan. Martin Carthy MBE is an English folk singer and Guitarist who has remained one of the most influential figures in British traditional music Les Barker (born January 30 1947) is an English Poet. He is most well known for his comedic poetry and parodies of popular See also Bob Johnson, Rob Johnson, Bobby Johnson, Robert Johnson Robb Jenner Johnson (born Hounslow, 25 December Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Artisan were an English vocal Harmony trio who sang A cappella from 1985 to 2005 Other musicians have been known to take the tune of a traditional folk song and add their own words, often humorous, or on a similar-sounding yet different subject; these include The Wurzels, The Incredible Dr. Busker and The Mrs Ackroyd Band. Adge Cutler and The Wurzels, renamed The Wurzels after Cutler's death are a British Scrumpy and Western band The Incredible Dr Busker is a Musician based in the United Kingdom. The Mrs Ackroyd Band, based in Manchester, consists of a core of Les Barker, Alison Younger, Hillary Spencer (replacing previous member

Filk music originated in the 1950s as science fiction and fantasy oriented parodies of popular folk songs. Filk is a musical culture genre and community tied to science fiction/fantasy fandom. While it eventually developed into a different style of folk music entirely, it still retains its fair share of parodies.

Folkies is the popular term for folk music enthusiasts. While the term itself is neutral and is used by some folk music enthusiasts in an informal and friendly manner, it has at times been used by the popular press at least since the late 1950s, as part of a light-hearted beatnik stereotype. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press"

Media

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Untitled Document
  2. ^ Middleton 1990, p. Folk music is one of the major divisions of Music. There are many styles of folk music all of which can be classified into various traditions generally based around some combination A Folk club is a regular event permanent venue or section of a venue devoted to Folk music and Traditional music. A folk instrument is an instrument that developed among common people and usually doesn't have a known Inventor. Folk metal is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music that developed in Europe during the 1990s Folk punk is a fusion of Folk music and Punk rock. Folk punk in the United Kingdom has existed almost as long as punk rock itself Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of Folk music and rock music. Indie folk is a genre and musical style primarily categorized by "independent" smaller music labels supporting progressive Folk music artists Industrial folk music is a subgenre of Folk music that focuses on the experiences of industrial workers The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of 300000 references to over 21600 songs that have been collected from Oral tradition in the English language from all over 127
  3. ^ Quoted in Middleton 1990, p. 127-8.
  4. ^ http://www.tvtome.com/Hootenanny/ TVtome. com Retrieved on 05-03-07
  5. ^ Hall of Fame acceptance speeches by Sally and Barry Childs-Helton

References

Further reading

External links

Dictionary

folk music

-noun

  1. any genre of music originating from the ethnic community of a specific region; often not recorded, but passed down orally
  2. contemporary music in the style of traditional folk music
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