A folk hero is type of hero, real or mythological. A hero (from Greek grc ἥρως hērōs) in Greek mythology and Folklore, was originally a Demigod, the offspring of a mortal and The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" The single salient characteristic which makes a character a folk hero is the imprinting of the name, personality and deeds of the character in the popular consciousness. This presence in the popular consciousness is evidenced by mention in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological Folk heroes are also the subject of some films.
Although some folk heroes are historical public figures, they generally are not. Because the lives of folk heroes are generally not based on historical documents, the characteristics and deeds of a folk hero are often exaggerated to mythic proportions.
The folk hero often begins life as a normal person, but is transformed into someone extraordinary by significant life events, often in response to social injustice, and sometimes in response to natural disasters.
One major category of folk hero is the defender of the common people against the oppression or corruption of the established power structure. Members of this category of folk hero often, but not necessarily, live outside the law in some way. An outlaw or bandit is a person living the lifestyle of outlawry; the word literally means "outside the Law " by folk-etymology from the original
Historically documented folk heroes
- Johnny Appleseed - United States, he introduced the apple to large parts of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois
- Arminius - Germany, was a chieftain of the Cheruski who defeated the Roman army in the battle of Teutoburg Forest
- Norman Bethune - Canada, doctor, active in the People's Republic of China with the Eighth Route Army
- Billy the Kid - United States, a 19th century American frontier outlaw and gunman
- Black Hawk - Midwestern United States, a Sauk Indian warrior who resisted white settlement
- Bonnie and Clyde - United States, bank robbers who evaded retribution in the 1930s
- Brian Boru - Ireland, Irish High King who “drove the Danes out of Ireland” at the Battle of Clontarf. Johnny Appleseed, born John Chapman (September 26 1774 – February 18 1845 was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apples to large parts of Ohio Arminius, also known as Armin or Hermann (18 BC/17 BC - AD 21) was a chieftain of the Cherusci who defeated a Roman army in the Henry Norman Bethune ( March 4, 1890 &ndash November 12, 1939) was a Canadian Physician and medical innovator Henry McCarty (November 23 1859—July 14 1881 better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William H Black Hawk or Black Sparrow Hawk ( Sauk Makataimeshekiakiak ( Mahkatewi-meši-kehkehkwa) "be a large black hawk" (1767 &ndash Bonnie Parker ( October 1 1910 &ndash May 23 1934) and Clyde Barrow ( March 24 1909 &ndash Brian mac Cennétig, called Brian Bóruma, ( c 941&ndash23 April 1014 (Brian Boru Brian Bóraimhe was an Irish king who ended the centuries-long domination
- Daniel Boone - An American pioneer in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Daniel Boone ( &ndash September 26 1820 was an American pioneer and hunter whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes
- Aylett C. (Strap) Buckner - United States, an Indian-fighter of colonial Texas
- Calamity Jane - United States, a tough Wild West woman
- Joseph Cinqué - West African man of the Mende tribe, leader of the Amistad slave rebellion. Martha Jane Cannary-Burke, better known as Calamity Jane ( May 1 1852 &ndash August 1 1903) was a Frontierswoman Sengbe Pieh (1813 &ndash ca 1879 later known as Joseph Cinqué, was a West African man of the Mende ethnic group and was the most prominent defendant The Mende are one of the two largest Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, along with the Temne.
- Gregorio Cortez, Mexican American folk hero
- Davy Crockett - United States, an Indian-fighter, Congressman, and died as a hero fighting in the Alamo
- Nils Dacke - Sweden, leader of a 16th century peasant revolt
- Pier Gerlofs Donia - Frisia, legendary giant warrior, freedom fighter and leader of the Arumer Black Heap
- Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson - Sweden, rebel and temporary regent in the 15th Century
- Mike Fink - United States, the toughest boatman on the Mississippi River and a rival of Davy Crockett
- Eppelein von Gailingen - Germany, robber baron
- Geronimo - United States, Apache warrior
- Tomoe Gozen - Japan, woman samurai warrior
- Hua Mulan - China, woman, who saved China as a soldier
- Husein Gradaščević - Bosnia, called "Dragon of Bosnia", led the resistance of Bosnians and uprising for autonomy of Bosnia against the Ottoman Empire
- Nathan Hale - United States, a captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War
- Joe Hill - United States, union leader and songwriter wrongfully convicted of murder in 1915. Gregorio Cortez Lira (born June 22, 1875 near Matamoros Tamaulipas — February 28, 1916) was a Mexican American who became Colonel David Stern Crockett ( August 17, 1786 March 6, 1836) was a celebrated 19th-century American Folk hero, Nils Dacke was the leader of a 16th century peasant revolt in Småland, southern Sweden called the Dacke War (Swedish Dackefejden) fought against Pier Gerlofs Donia of Kimswerd (c1480 &ndash 1520 was a Frisian Warrior, Pirate, Freedom fighter, Folk hero, Knight Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (1390s &ndash May 4 1436) was a Swedish rebel leader and later statesman Mike Fink (b1770/1780?? – ca1823 called "king of the keelboaters" was a semi-legendary brawler and river-boatman who exemplified the tough and hard-drinking men who Eppelein von Gailingen (born c 1310 in Illesheim, Windsheim; died May 15, 1381 in Neumarkt) was a famous German Geronimo ( Chiricahua: Goyaałé, "one who yawns" often spelled Goyathlay or Goyahkla in English ( June 16 1829 ( 1157 ?– 1247 ? was one of the few examples of a true female warrior samurai in all of Japanese history. Hua Mulan She is the Heroine who joined an all-male army described in a famous Chinese Poem known as the Ballad of Mulan. Husein-kapetan Gradaščević ( August 31 1802 &ndash August 17, 1834) was a Bosniak general who Nathan Hale ( June 6, 1755 &ndash September 22, 1776) was an officer for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary Joe Hill, born Joel Emmanuel Hägglund, and also known as Joseph Hillström ( October 7, 1879 or 1882 – November 19, 1915
- Piet Hein - Netherlands, captured the Spanish treasure fleet. Piet Hein is the name of Piet Pieterszoon Hein (1577&ndash1629 Dutch naval commander and folk hero his descendant Piet Hein (Denmark
- Wong Fei Hung - China, doctor, martial artist, and revolutionary
- Jesse James - An Wild West outlaw who supposedly robbed from the rich and gave to the poor. Jesse Woodson James (September 5 1847—April 3 1882 was an American Outlaw in the border state of Missouri and the most famous member of the
- Juraj Jánošík - Slovakia, outlaw living in the Tatra mountains, defending Slovakia peasants from the tyranny of Austrian landlords
- Casey Jones - United States, railroad engineer who chose to die rather than abandon his locomotive during a collision
- Kaluaiko'olau - United States - Hawaiian who evaded deportation for leprosy by hiding in the Hawaiian rain forests[1]
- Ned Kelly - Australia, outlaw
- Lady Ch'iao Kuo - China, warrior, politician, queen of the Hsien
- James Mckenzie - New Zealand, Outlaw and inspiration to landless immigrants in early colonial New Zealand
- Lampião - outlaw, leader of a Cangaço band in Northeast Brazil
- Miyamoto Musashi - Japan, a skilled swordsman, soldier, philosopher, and author
- Redmond O'Hanlon - Irish, rapparee of the 17th century
- Philippe Petit - Tight rope artist that walked between the two towers of the World Trade Center
- Louis Riel - Canada, founder of Manitoba, led two rebellions against the Dominion of Canada
- Dorus Rijkers - the Netherlands, sailor and savior of over 500 men, women and children as the captain of a rescue-boat, in the late 19th century and the early 20th century
- José Rizal - Philippines, a critic of the Spanish Colonizers, was gun-fired by the Spanish Guardia Civil in Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park)
Rizal, Philippine National Hero
- Rob Roy - Scotland, outlaw whose word was his bond
- Laura Secord - Canada, heroine of the War of 1812
- Skanderbeg - Albania, National Hero, led the resistance of Albanian people against the Ottoman Empire
- Soapy Smith - Infamous nineteenth century Colorado and Alaska bad man. Juraj Jánošík (first name also Juro or Jurko, modern pronunciation /'juraj 'jaːnɔʃiːk/ modern pronunciation /'jɛʒɨ ja'nɔɕik/ György John Luther "Casey" Jones ( March 14, 1863 &ndash April 30, 1900) was an American Railroad engineer from Edward "Ned" Kelly (3 June 1855 &ndash 11 November 1880 was an Australian Bushranger, and to some a Folk hero for his defiance of the colonial James Mckenzie, possibly born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1820 was a New Zealand Outlaw who has become one of the country's most enduring folk Lampião ("Oil Lamp" in Portuguese was the Nickname of "Captain" Virgulino Ferreira da Silva Cangaço is the name given to a form of "social banditry" in the Nordeste of Brazil in late 19th and early 20th centuries (c 1584– June 13 ( Japanese calendar: May 19), 1645 also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke, or Redmond O'Hanlon (c 1620 - April 25, 1681) was a 17th-century Irish Toraidhe, and an important figure in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 Philippe Petit (born August 13, 1949) is a French high wire artist who gained fame for his illegal walk between the Twin Towers in Louis Riel (22 October 1844 &ndash 16 November 1885 in English was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and leader of the Métis Theodorus "Dorus" Rijkers ( January 28 1847 – April 19 1928) was a famous Dutch lifeboat captain and Folk Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, Laura Secord (born Ingersoll) ( September 13, 1775 &ndash October 17, 1868) was a Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg ( 6 May 1405 &ndash 17 January 1468) ( Albanian: Gjergj Kastriot Skënderbeu, widely known as
- The Smith of Kochel - Germany, especially in Bavaria a famous National hero
- Spartacus - Thrace, led the largest slave revolt against the Roman Republic
- Tipu Sultan - Indian, a Muslim who fought and defeated the British in the Mysore wars
- Tamanend - United States, an Indian Chief who became the source of many folk legends that propelled his fame to mythical proportions during the time of the American Revolutionary War
- William Tell - Switzerland, began the rebellion against the Austrians
- Dick Turpin - England, highwayman
- Nat Turner - Leader of Nat Turner's Rebellion (also known as the Southampton Insurrection), a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia during August 1831
- Viriathus - Portugal, the leader of the freedom fighters of the confederated Iberian tribes who resisted colonial Rome
- William Wallace - Scotland, knight who led a rebellion against England in the early 14th century
- Lam Sai Wing - China, martial artist and student of Wong Fei Hung
Possibly apocryphal folk heroes
- Cúchulainn - Ireland, folk legend and the pre-eminent hero of Ulaid in the Ulster Cycle
- Fionn mac Cumhaill - Ireland, warrior, leader of the Fianna. The Smith of Kochel is a figure from Bavarian myth According to this myth he was a soldier in the Habsburg-Ottoman Wars ( Battle of Vienna Spartacus (c 109 BC-71 BC according to Roman historians was a Slave who became the leader (or possibly one of several leaders in the unsuccessful slave William Tell (;) For other meanings see Dick Turpin (disambiguation. Richard (Dick Turpin ( September 21, 1705 in Hempstead Nat Turner (Nathaniel Turner October 2 1800 – November 11 1831 was an American slave who started the largest slave rebellion in the Antebellum Nat Turner's Rebellion (also known as the Southampton Insurrection) was a Slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia during Southampton County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. Viriathus (known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish) ( ? - 139 BC was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Sir William Wallace ( Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas; c 1272 – 23 August 1305 was a Scottish Knight, Landowner, and Patriot Lam Sai Wing ( Cantonese:林世榮 Pinyin: Lin Shi Rong) (1861 - 1942 or 1860 - 1943 depending on the source was a student of the legendary Cantonese Cúchulainn /kuːˈxʊlɪnʲ/ ( ( Irish for "Hound of Culann " also spelled Cú Chulainn, Cú Chulaind, Cúchulain, or Fionn mac Cumhaill (ˈɸʲiːn̪ˠ mˠak ˈkũw̃aːlʲ in Irish, ˈfɪn mə ˈkuːl in English) (earlier Finn or Find mac Cumail or mac Primary figure in the Oisin cycle.
- Till Eulenspiegel - Germany, trickster
- John Henry - United States, mighty steel-driving African American
- Robin Hood - England, outlaw usually associated with the motto "Steal from the rich, give to the poor"
- Rummu Jüri - Estonia, outlaw who stole from the rich to give to the poor
- Mulan - China, heroine who disguised herself as a male in order to join an all-male army
- Molly Pitcher - United States, heroine of the American Revolutionary War
- Fong Sai-Yuk - China, martial arts folk hero
- Zorro - (Don Diego de la Vega) fictional Robin Hood like character set in 19th century Mexican controlled California. Till Eulenspiegel (tɪl ˈʔɔʏlənˌʃpiːgəl Low Saxon: Dyl Ulenspegel dɪl ˈʔuːlnˌspɛɪgl̩ was an impudent Trickster figure who originated John Henry is an American Folk hero, who has been the subject of numerous songs stories plays and novels Robin Hood is an archetypal figure in English folklore, whose story originates from medieval times but who remains significant in popular culture where Rummu Jüri ( Jüri Rummo; 2 August (21 July 1856 is the archetypical Estonian folk Hero, an Outlaw who stole from the Hua Mulan She is the Heroine who joined an all-male army described in a famous Chinese Poem known as the Ballad of Mulan. Molly Pitcher was a nickname given to a girl who loved a man who may have fought in the American Revolutionary War. Fong Sai-yuk ( Yale Cantonese: Fong Sai Yuk was trained in the martial arts by his mother Miu Tsui-fa daughter of Miu Hin who according to the legend was one of the Zorro (originally called Señor Zorro) is a Fictional character created in 1919 by pulp writer Johnston McCulley.
Folk heroes known to be fictional
- Tony Beaver - United States, lumberjack and cousin of Paul Bunyan
- Pecos Bill - United States, giant cowboy who "tamed the wild west"
- Taylor Bradshaw - Canada, possibly a variant of Paul Bunyan
- Paul Bunyan - United States, giant lumberjack of the North Woods
- Febold Feboldson - United States, farmer who could fight a drought
- Koba - Georgia, folk hero whose legend bears a resemblance to Robin Hood
- Joe Magarac - United States, steelworker made of steel
- Siegfried - Germany, the legendary dragon-slaying hero in Nibelungenlied
- Alfred Bulltop Stormalong - United States, immense sailor whose ship was so big it scraped the moon
- The Little Dutch Boy - Netherlands, saves Holland from disaster by persisting in keeping his finger in a dike
- Martin Fierro - Argentina, hero of the eponymous poem by Joaquin Hernandez
See also
References
Pecos Bill is a legendary American Cowboy, apocryphally immortalized in numerous Tall tales of the Old West during American Paul Bunyan is a Mythological Lumberjack who appears in Tall tales of American folklore. Alexander Kazbegi (1848-1893 was a Georgian writer famous for his 1883 novel The Patricide. Joe Magarac is a legendary American Folk hero who was a Steelworker in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Sigurd ( Old Norse: Sigurðr) is a legendary hero of Norse mythology, as well as the central character in the Völsunga saga. Alfred Bulltop Stormalong or Captain Stormalong was an American Folk hero and the subject of numerous nautical-themed Tall tales originating in Hans Brinker or The Silver Skates is a novel by American author Mary Mapes Dodge, first published in 1865. This article deals with Hernández's poem For other things named after it see Martín Fierro (disambiguation Martín Fierro is
Dictionary
folk hero
-noun
- Culture. A hero, in reality or mythology, who is loathed by the rich and powerful but idolized by the common people, often stealing from or rebelling against the former to make life better for the latter.
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