A foehn wind or föhn wind is a type of dry downslope wind which occurs in the lee of a mountain range. It is a rain shadow wind which results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air which has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (see orographic lift). Orographic lift occurs when an Air mass is forced from a low Elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain As a consequence of the different adiabatic lapse rates of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes. Föhn winds can raise temperatures by as much as 30°C (54°F) in just a matter of hours. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 Central Europe enjoys a warmer climate due to them. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and
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Effects
Winds of this type are called "snow-eaters" for their ability to make snow melt (also sublimate) rapidly. "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. This ability is based not only on high temperature, but also the low relative humidity of the air mass. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity.
Föhn winds are notorious among mountaineers in the Alps, especially those climbing the Eiger, for whom the winds add additional difficulty in ascending an already difficult peak. The Eiger is a notable mountain in the Swiss Alps, rising to an elevation of 3970 m (13025 ft
They are also associated with the rapid spread of wildfires, making some regions which experience these winds particularly fire-prone. A wildfire, also known as a wildland fire, forest fire, brush fire, vegetation fire, grass fire, Peat fire,
These winds are often associated with illness ranging from migraines to psychosis. A study by the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München found that suicide and accidents increased by 10 percent during föhn winds in Central Europe. The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more The causation of Föhnkrankheit (English: Föhn-sickness) is yet unproven. Labelling for preparations of aspirin combined with caffeine, codeine and the like will sometimes include Föhnkrankheit amongst the indications.
Etymology
The name föhn (from the German Föhn, pronounced [føːn]) originated in the alpine region. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. From Latin (ventus) favonius, a mild west wind of which Favonius was the Roman personification. [1]
Local examples
Regionally, these winds are known by many different names. These include:
- Zonda winds in Argentina
- Chinook winds in the Rocky Mountains, United States/Canada and the Chugach Mountains of Alaska, United States
- The Nor'wester in Hawkes Bay, Canterbury and Otago, New Zealand
- Föhn in Wollongong and South Coast, NSW Australia. Zonda wind (in Spanish, viento zonda) is a regional term for the foehn Wind that often occurs on the eastern slope of the Andes, in For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Chinook winds, often just called chinooks commonly refers to Foehn winds ref> in the interior West of North America, where the Canadian Prairies and Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Chugach Mountains of southern Alaska are the northernmost of the several Mountain ranges that make up the Pacific Coast Ranges of the western edge Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The Nor'west arch is a weather pattern peculiar to the east coast of New Zealand 's South Island. Geography The region is situated on the east coast of the North Island. Canterbury ( ˈkæntəbɹ̩i is a City in eastern Kent in the South East region of England. History See also History of Otago The Otago Settlement sponsored by the Free Church of Scotland, materialised in March 1848 with the arrival of the first New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Often associated with heavy orographic lifiting on the windward side of the escarpment
- Halny in the Carpathian Mountains, Eastern Europe
- Fogony in the Catalan Pyrenees
- Bergwind in South Africa
- Viento Sur (Southern Wind) in the Cantabrian region (northern Spain)
- Terral in Málaga (southern Spain)
- Föhn in Austria, southern Germany and German-speaking regions of Switzerland
- The Helm wind, on the Pennines in the Eden Valley, Cumbria, England
In Popular Culture
- Peter Camenzind, a novel by Hermann Hesse refers, at length, to the Alpine Föhn. Halny – a Foehn wind that blows in southern Poland and in Slovakia in the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés Bergwind (ie mountain wind is the South African name for a Foehn wind, a hot dry wind blowing from the mountainous interior to the coast The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Green Spain (direct translation into English of the Spanish España Verde) is the name given to the Spanish northern maritime façade exposed to the Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Helm Wind is a named Wind in Cumbria, England, a north-easterly wind which blows down the south-west slope of the Cross Fell escarpment The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. Eden Valley is the name of several places Eden Valley South Australia in Australia Eden Valley Minnesota in the United States of America Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Peter Camenzind, published in 1904 was the first novel by Hermann Hesse and contains a number of themes that were to preoccupy many of Hesse's later works most notably Hermann Hesse (ˈhɛʀman ˈhɛsə ( 2 July, 1877 — 9 August, 1962) was a German - Swiss poet novelist and painter
- The föhn plays an important part in Dario Argento's film Phenomena. Dario Argento (born September 7 1940) is an Italian Film director, producer and Screenwriter. Phenomena is a 1985 Italian Horror film directed by Dario Argento.
Fön trademark
AEG registered the trademark Fön in the 1920s for its hairdryer, which is widely used as a synonym in several languages, such as German, Swiss German, Danish, Italian, Dutch, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovenian, Swedish, Turkish and French in western Switzerland. AEG ( Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft, General Electricity Company) was a German producer of Electronics and electrical equipment The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada A blowdryer or hairdryer is an Electromechanical device designed to blow cool or hot Air over wet or damp Hair, in order to accelerate the This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym"
See also
References
- McKnight, TL & Hess, Darrel (2000). A katabatic wind, from the Greek word katabatikos meaning "going downhill" is the technical name for a drainage Wind, a wind For the Australian television series see Rain Shadow (TV series. Foehn/Chinoonk Winds. In , Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, pp. 132. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0130202630
Footnotes
- ^ Concise Oxford Dictionary, 10th edition, Oxford University Press, entry föhn.
External links
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