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The flugelhorn (also spelled fluegelhorn or flügelhorn) is a brass instrument resembling a trumpet but with a wider, conical bore. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. A wind instrument is a Musical instrument that contains some type of Resonator (usually a tube in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing A brass instrument is a Musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a tubular Resonator. An aerophone is any Musical instrument which produces Sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate without the use of strings or membranes and without In Music, the range of a Musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The cornet is a Brass instrument very similar to the Trumpet, distinguished by its conical bore, compact shape and mellower tone quality The bass trumpet is a type of low Trumpet which was first developed during the 1820s in Germany A brass instrument is a Musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a tubular Resonator. The bore of a Wind instrument is its interior chamber that defines a flow path through which air travels and is set into vibration to produce sounds Some consider it to be a member of the saxhorn family developed by Adolphe Sax (who also developed the saxophone); however, other historians assert that it stems from the keyed bugle by Michael Saurle (father), Munich 1832 (Royal Bavarian privilege for a "chromatic Flügelhorn" 1832), thus predating Adolphe Sax's innovative work. The saxhorn is a valved Brass instrument with a tapered bore and deep cup-shaped mouthpiece. Antoine-Joseph 'Adolphe' Sax (November 6 1814 &ndash February 4 1894 was a Belgian Musical instrument designer and Musician ( Clarinetist The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind [1]
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Etymology
The original German spelling, Flügelhorn, translates into English as wing horn. Purportedly the instrument was used on the battlefield to summon the flanks, or wings, of an army. [2]
Structure and variants
The flugelhorn is built in the same B-flat pitch as many trumpets and cornets. The cornet is a Brass instrument very similar to the Trumpet, distinguished by its conical bore, compact shape and mellower tone quality It usually has three piston valves and employs the same fingering system as other brass instruments, but four valve and rotary valve variants also exist. It can thus be played without too much trouble by trumpet and cornet players, though some adaptation to their playing style may be needed. It is usually played with a more deeply conical mouthpiece than either trumpets or cornets (though not as conical as a horn mouthpiece). On Brass instruments the mouthpiece is the part of the instrument which is placed upon the player's Lips The purpose of the mouthpiece is a Resonator, which
Some modern flugelhorns are built with a fourth valve, which takes them down in pitch a perfect fourth (similar to the fourth valve sometimes found on euphoniums, tubas, horns and piccolo trumpets, as well as the trigger on trombones). The euphonium is a conical-bore, Baritone -voiced Brass instrument. Mediatubaogg -->The tuba is the largest and lowest pitched Brass instrument. The smallest of the Trumpet family is the piccolo trumpet. The most common of these instruments are built to play in both B-flat and A with separate leadpipes for each key The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s This adds a useful area of low range which, when coupled with the flugelhorn's dark sound, gives an interesting extension to the instrument's abilities. More often, however, the fourth valve is used in place of the first and third valve combination, which is somewhat sharp (which is compensated for on trumpets and cornets and some three-valve flugelhorns by a slide for the first or third valve).
Timbre
The tone is fatter and usually regarded as more "mellow" and "dark" than that of the trumpet or cornet. The sound of the flugelhorn has been described as approximately halfway between a trumpet and a horn, whereas the cornet's sound has been described as approximately halfway between a trumpet and a flugelhorn[3]. The flugelhorn has a similar level of agility to the cornet but is more difficult to control in the high register (from approximately written G above the staff), where in general it "slots" or locks onto notes less easily. It is not generally used for aggressive or bright displays as both trumpet and cornet can be, but tends more towards a softer and more reflective role.
Use
The flugelhorn's main areas of use are in jazz, the brass band, and popular music, although it does appear occasionally in orchestral writing. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A brass band is a Musical group generally consisting entirely of Brass instruments, most often with a percussion section Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more Some of the more famous orchestral works with flugelhorn include Ottorino Respighi's Pines of Rome, Igor Stravinsky's Threni, and Ralph Vaughan Williams's Ninth Symphony. For the astronomer see Lorenzo Respighi (1824—1889 For the crater named after Lorenzo Respighi see Respighi (crater. Pini di Roma ( English “Pines of Rome” is a 1924 work by the Italian Composer Ottorino Respighi, and is considered Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to Ralph (reɪf Vaughan Williams OM (12 October 1872 &ndash 26 August 1958 was an English Composer of symphonies, Chamber music The Symphony No 9 in E Minor was written by the British composer Ralph Vaughan Williams from 1956 to 1957 and given its premiere performance in London The flugelhorn is sometimes substituted for the post horn in Mahler's Third Symphony. The post horn ( also posthorn, post-horn, or coach horn) is a valveless cylindrical brass or copper instrument with cupped mouthpiece The Symphony No 3 in D minor by Gustav Mahler was written between 1893 and 1896 The flugelhorn figured prominently in many of Burt Bacharach's 1960s pop song arrangements. Burt Bacharach (ˈbækəræk born May 12, 1928) is an American Pianist and Composer. Flugelhorns have occasionally been used as the alto or low soprano voice in a drum and bugle corps. For the Military unit see Corps of Drums A drum and bugle corps or drum corps is a musical marching unit (similar to a This is increasingly rare, however, as the mellophone, with its larger bell, is more often picked to mimic the sound of a horn. The mellophone is a Brass instrument that is typically used in place of the horn (sometimes called a French horn in Marching bands or Drum
Famous players
Joe Bishop, as a member of the Woody Herman band in 1936, was one of the earliest jazz musicians to make use of the flugelhorn. Woodrow Charles Herman ( May 16 1913 &ndash October 29 1987) better known as Woody Herman, was an American Jazz Shorty Rogers and Kenny Baker began playing it in the early fifties, and Clark Terry used it with Duke Ellington's orchestra in the middle fifties. Milton “Shorty” Rogers ( April 14, 1924 &ndash November 7, 1994) born Milton Rajonsky in Great Barrington Massachusetts Kenny Baker was born on 1 March, 1921 in Withernsea, East Riding of Yorkshire and died 7 December, 1999. Clark Terry (born December 14, 1920) nicknamed Mumbles, is a Grammy Award-winning American swing and bop Trumpeter, a Miles Davis helped further to popularize the instrument in jazz on the albums Miles Ahead and Sketches of Spain, both of which were arranged by Gil Evans, although he did not use it much on later projects. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Miles Ahead is a Cool jazz album by Miles Davis released in 1957 Sketches of Spain is an Album by Miles Davis, recorded between November 1959 and March 1960 Gil Evans ( 13 May 1912 in Toronto Canada – 20 March 1988 in Cuernavaca, Mexico) was a Jazz Other prominent jazz flugelhorn players include Freddie Hubbard, Art Farmer, Hugh Masekela, Tony Guerrero, Jimmy Owens, Chet Baker, Maynard Ferguson, Terumasa Hino, Woody Shaw, Kenny Wheeler, Tom Harrell, Bill Coleman, Thad Jones, and Harry Beckett. Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born April 7 1938 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American Jazz Trumpeter. Arthur Stewart (Art Farmer ( August 21, 1928 in Council Bluffs, Iowa &ndash October 4, 1999) was an American Jazz Hugh Ramopolo Masekela (b Witbank, South Africa, April 4, 1939) is a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist Tony Guerrero (b September 20, 1966 is a noted musician composer writer and producer Jimmy Owens is a Jazz Trumpeter, Composer, Arranger, Lecturer, and music education consultant. Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker Jr ( Yale Oklahoma, 23 December 1929 - Amsterdam, 13 May 1988) was an American Walter Maynard Ferguson ( May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian Jazz Trumpet player and Bandleader is a Japanese Jazz Trumpeter. Currently based in New York, Hino is widely acknowledged as one of Japan 's finest jazz musicians having gained Woody Herman Shaw II ( December 24, 1944 &ndash May 10, 1989) ( United States) was a Jazz Trumpeter and Kenneth Vincent John Wheeler, CC, (born 14th January 1930 Toronto Canada is a Canadian Composer and Trumpet and Flugelhorn player Tom Harrell (born June 16, 1946) is a renowned American Post bop Jazz trumpeter and composer William Johnson Coleman ( August 4, 1904 in Paris Kentucky – August 24, 1981 in Toulouse) was a jazz trumpeter from For the New Orleans music historian see Tad Jones. Thaddeus Joseph Jones ( March 28, 1923 – August 21, 1986 Harry Beckett (born May 30, 1935 as Harold Winston Beckett in St Michael Parrish, Barbados) is a British trumpeter and Most jazz flugelhorn players use the instrument as an auxiliary to the trumpet, but in the 1970s Chuck Mangione gave up playing the trumpet and concentrated on the flugelhorn alone. Charles Frank "Chuck" Mangione (born November 29, 1940) is an American Flugelhorn player and composer who achieved international success in 1978
Pop flugelhorn exponents include Rick Braun, Mic Gillette, and Jeff Oster. Rick Braun (born July 6, 1955 in Allentown Pennsylvania) is a Smooth jazz Trumpet player Mic Gillette is an American brass player born in 1951 and raised in Northern California 's East Bay area Jeff Oster is an American wind instrument player who has recorded flugelhorn or trumpet with artists such as William Ackerman
Footnotes
- ^ History of the flugelhorn. Retrieved on 2007-06-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish
- ^ Flugelhorn at dictionary.com.
- ^ Cecil Forsyth: Orchestration, p. 165.
References
- Ralph T. Dudgeon, Franz X. Streitwieser: The Fluegelhorn. Edition Bochinsky, 2004, English/German, ISBN 3932275837
- "Flugelhorn", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London, 2001).
- "Flugelhorn", The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, second edition, edited by Barry Kernfeld (London, 2002).
External links
- An enthusiast's flugelhorn guide with many details of individual makes.
- An overview and brief history of the flugelhorn including a short sound clip.
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