The Florida Territory was a historic organized territory of the United States from 1822 to 1845. Territories of the United States are one type of political division of the United States, administered by the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
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Background
Florida was first discovered in 1513 by Juan Ponce de Leon who claimed the land as a possession of Spain. Juan Ponce de León ( IPA: /xwan'ponʒedele'on/ (1460 – July 1521 was a Spanish Conquistador. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the continental U. S. , St. Augustine, was founded on the northeast coast of Florida in 1565. St Augustine is the County seat of St Johns County, Florida, in the United States. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Florida continued to remain a Spanish possession until the end of the Seven Years' War when they were forced to cede it to England. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In 1783, after the American Revolution, England was compelled to give Florida back to Spain. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" 1
The second term of Spanish rule was heavily influenced by the United States. There were border disputes along the Georgia/Florida boundary and issues of American use of the Mississippi. These problems were supposedly solved in 1795 by the Treaty of San Lorenzo, which among other things solidified the boundary of Florida and Georgia along the 31st parallel. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule However, as Thomas Jefferson had once predicted, the U. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence S. could not keep its hands off Florida. 2
American involvement pre-1821
In 1812 United States forces and Georgia "patriots" under General George Matthews invaded Florida to protect American interests. Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year 4 These interests were mostly slave related. Runaway slaves had been given protection by the Florida natives, called Seminoles by Americans, for many years. The Seminole are a Native American people originally of Florida and now residing in Florida and Oklahoma. They lived in a semi-feudal system; the Seminoles giving the now "free" blacks protection, while the former slaves shared crops with the natives. Despite the fact that the Negroes were still considered inferior by the Seminoles, the two parties lived in harmony. The slaveholders in Georgia and the rest of the south became furious over this matter as slaves continued to escape to Florida. 5 This invasion of Florida was perceived by most of the country as ill-advised and the Spanish were promised a speedy exit of troops. 6
In 1818 after many years of further conflicts involving natives and settlers General Andrew Jackson wrote to President Monroe informing him that he was invading Florida. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Jackson's force departed from Tennessee and marched down the Apalachicola River wreaking havoc in North Florida until they came upon Pensacola in March, where the Spanish quickly surrendered. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. 7
Adams-Onís Treaty
The Adams-Onís Treaty, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, was signed on February 22, 1819 by John Quincy Adams and Luis de Onís, but did not take effect until it was ratified by the Spanish government in 1821. The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year John Quincy Adams (July 11 1767 &ndash February 23 1848 was an American diplomat and politician who served as the sixth President of the United States Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year It is widely believed that America paid $5,000,000 to the Spanish as a result of this treaty; however this is a myth. No money was exchanged between the two governments; the U. S. received Florida and Oregon while ceding all Texas claims to Spain. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. 3
Territorial Florida and the Seminole Wars
General Andrew Jackson served as military governor of the newly acquired territory, however only for a brief period. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the East Florida was originally a part of Spanish Florida. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763, which ended the Seven Years' War, Spain ceded West Florida was a region on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico, which underwent several boundary and sovereignty changes during its history William Pope Duval became the first official governor of the Florida Territory and soon after the capitol was established at Tallahassee, but only after removing a Seminole tribe from the land. William Pope Duval ( September 4, 1784 March 19, 1854) was the first governor of Florida Territory, serving from April 17 8
The central conflict of Territorial Florida was the Seminole inhabitants. The federal government and most white settlers desired all Florida Indians to migrate to the West. On May 28, 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act requiring all native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display The Indian Removal Act, part of a United States government policy known as Indian removal, was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 26 The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to 9 The Act itself did not mean much to Florida, however it laid the framework for the Treaty of Paynes Landing which was signed by a council of Seminole chiefs on May 9, 1832. The Treaty of Payne's Landing (Treaty with the Seminole 1832 was an agreement signed on 9 May 1832 between the government of the United States and several Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian This treaty stated that all Seminole inhabitants of Florida should be relocated by 1835, giving them three years. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common It was at this meeting that the famous Osceola first voiced his decision to fight. Osceola (1804 &ndash January 20, 1838) was a war chief of the Seminole in Florida. 10
Beginning in late 1835 Osceola and the Seminole allies began a guerilla war against the U. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common S. forces. 11 Numerous generals fought and failed, succumbing to the heat and disease as well as lack of knowledge of the land. It was not until General Thomas Jesup captured many of the key Seminole chiefs, including Osceola who died in captivity of illness, that the battles began to die down. Thomas Sidney Jesup ( December 16 1788 – June 10 1860) was an American military officer known as the "Father of the Modern 12 The Seminoles were eventually forced to migrate and almost all were gone, except for a small group in the Everglades, by the time Florida joined the Union as the 27th state on March 3, 1845. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
See also
Notes
- 1 Hubert Bruce Fuller, The Florida Purchase, (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1964), Introduction xvii. These are historic regions of the United States, meaning regions that were legal entities in the past or which the average modern American would no longer immediately recognize
- 2 Ibid. , Introduction xviii-xix.
- 3 Fuller, The, Editorial Preface, xi.
- 4 Virginia Bergman Peters, The Florida Wars,(Hamden: The Shoestring Press, 1979),39.
- 5 Ibid. ,18-22.
- 6 Peters, The, 39.
- 7 Peters, The, 50-54.
- 8 Peters, The, 63-74.
- 9 Peters, The, 87.
- 10 Peters, The, 89-95.
- 11 Peters, The, 105-110.
- 12 Peters, The, 137-160.
References
- Hubert Bruce Fuller, The Florida Purchase, (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1964).
- Virginia Bergman Peters, The Florida Wars,(Hamden: The Shoestring Press, 1979).
External links
- 3 U.S. Statute 654 approved on March 30, 1822 establishing Florida Territory (pages 654-659) from United States Statutes at Large at the Library of Congress website. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress
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