Citizendia
Your Ad Here

1886 illustration of the kineograph
1886 illustration of the kineograph

A flip book (sometimes, especially in British English, flick book) is a book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by simulating motion or some other change. British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the A Book is a set or collection of written printed illustrated or blank sheets made of Paper, Parchment, or other material usually fastened together Flip books are often illustrated books for children, but may also be geared towards adults and employ a series of photographs rather than drawings. Flip books are not always separate books, but may appear as an added feature in ordinary books or magazines, often in the page corners. Software packages and websites are also available that convert digital video files into custom-made flip books.

Contents

Functionality

Flip books are essentially a primitive form of animation. The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames Like motion pictures, they rely on persistence of vision to create the illusion that continuous motion is being seen rather than a series of discontinuous images being exchanged in succession. Persistence of vision is the phenomenon of the eye by which even nanoseconds of exposure to an image result in milliseconds of reaction (sight from the retina to the optic nerves Rather than "reading" left to right, a viewer simply stares at the same location of the pictures in the flip book as the pages turn. The book must also be flipped with enough speed for the illusion to work, so the standard way to "read" a flip book is to hold the book with one hand and flip through its pages with the thumb of the other hand. The German word for flip book—Daumenkino, literally "thumb cinema"—reflects this process.

History and cultural uses

The first flip book appeared in September, 1868, when it was patented by John Barnes Linnet under the name kineograph ("moving picture"). Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap They were the first form of animation to employ a linear sequence of images rather than circular (as in the older phenakistoscope). The phenakistoscope (also spelled phenakistiscope) was an early Animation device the predecessor of the Zoetrope. The German film pioneer, Max Skladanowsky, first exhibited his serial photographic images in flip book form in 1894, as he and his brother Emil did not develop their own film projector until the following year. Max Skladanowsky ( April 30 1863 &ndash November 30 1939) was a German Inventor and early Filmmaker. In 1894, Herman Casler invented a mechanized form of flip book called the Mutoscope, which mounted the pages on a central rotating cylinder rather than binding them in a book. Herman Casler — American inventor ( Sandwich Illinois, March 12, 1867 — Canastota New York, July 20, 1939) was co-founder The Mutoscope was an early motion picture device patented by Herman Casler on November 21, 1894. The mutoscope remained a popular attraction through the mid-20th century, appearing as coin-operated machines in penny arcades and amusement parks. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group In 1897, the English filmmaker Henry William Short marketed his "Filoscope", which was a flip book placed in a metal holder to facilitate flipping.

Flip books are now largely considered a toy or novelty for children, and were once a common "prize" in cereal and Cracker Jack boxes. Cracker Jack is a US brand of snack consisting of Caramel -coated Popcorn and Peanuts It is also well known for being packaged with a "Toy However, in addition to their role in the birth of cinema, they have also been an effective promotional tool since their creation for such decidedly adult products as automobiles and cigarettes. A cigarette ( French "small Cigar " from cigar + -ette) is a product consumed through Smoking and manufactured They continue to be used in marketing of all kinds, as well as in art and published photographic collections. Vintage flip books are popular among collectors, and especially rare ones from the late 19th to early 20th century have been known to fetch thousands of dollars in sales and auctions.

The first international flip book festival was held in 2004, by the Akademie Schloss Solitude in Stuttgart. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Another international flip book festival was held in Linz, Austria in 2005. Linz is the third largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich

The first flip book in stereoscopic 3D was published in September 2005 in "Stereo News" (www. cascade3d. org) and subsequently in "Stereoscopy" the Journal of the International Stereoscopic Union in December of 2005. (www. isu3d. org)

See also

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic