The Flight to Varennes (June 20-21, 1791) was a significant episode in the French Revolution during which King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family were unsuccessful in their attempt to escape, disguised as the servants of a Russian baroness, from the radical agitation of the Jacobins in Paris. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre The Jacobin Club was the largest and most powerful political club of the French Revolution. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Their destination was the fortress town of Montmédy in northeastern France, a Royalist stronghold from which the King hoped to initiate a counter-revolution. Montmédy is a commune of the Meuse département, in northeastern France. A counter-revolutionary is anyone who opposes a Revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it in full or in part This represented a turning point after which popular hostility towards the monarchy as an institution, as well as towards Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette as individuals, became more pronounced. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/ They were only able to make it as far as Varennes. For other uses of the term Varennes see Varennes (disambiguation.
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Attempt to flee Paris
Louis XVI's indecision on how to deal with revolutionary demands was one of the causes of the forcible transfer of the royal family from the Palace of Versailles to the Tuileries in Paris on October 6, 1789 after Versailles had been attacked by an angry mob. The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region The Palais des Tuileries was a royal Palace in Paris. It stood on the right bank of the River Seine until 1871, when it was destroyed Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The March on Versailles, also known as The Bread March of Women, and The Women's March on Versailles, was an event in the French Revolution. Thenceforward the king seems to have become emotionally paralyzed, leaving most important decisions to the politically untrained queen to make on her own. Prodded by the queen, Louis committed himself and his family to a disastrous attempt to escape from the capital to the eastern frontier on June 21, 1791. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common With the dauphin's governess, the Marquise de Tourzel taking on the role of a Russian baroness, the queen and the king's sister Madame Élisabeth playing her maids, the king her butler, and the royal children her daughters, the royal family made their escape. Louise-Félicité-Joséphine de Croŷ d'Havré Marquise (later Duchesse de Tourzel (1749 - 1832 was a French noblewoman and courtier The escape was largely planned by Count Axel von Fersen and the Baron de Breteuil. Count Hans Axel von Fersen ( Stockholm September 4, 1755 - Stockholm June 20, 1810) was a Swedish Army Louis Charles Auguste le Tonnelier baron de Breteuil baron de Preuilly ( March 7, 1730 &ndash November 2, 1807) was a French Due to the cumulative effect of a host of errors which in and of themselves would not have condemned the mission to failure, the royal family was thwarted in its escape when the king was recognized in the revolutionary town of Varennes, not far from its ultimate destination, the heavily fortified royalist citadel of Montmédy. For other uses of the term Varennes see Varennes (disambiguation. Montmédy is a commune of the Meuse département, in northeastern France. One rumor suggests that the king was recognized because his face appeared on French assignats (or banknotes), though this story's validity is contested.
Consequences
When the royal family finally returned under guard to Paris, the revolutionary crowd met the royal carriage with uncharacteristic silence. The royal family was immediately placed under house arrest back at the Tuileries Palace. In Justice and Law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or electronic monitoring) is a measure by which The Palais des Tuileries was a royal Palace in Paris. It stood on the right bank of the River Seine until 1871, when it was destroyed From this point forward, the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic became an ever increasing possibility. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its The credibility of the king as a constitutional monarch had been seriously undermined by the escape attempt.
From the autumn of 1791 on, the king tied his hopes of political salvation to the dubious prospects of foreign intervention. At the same time, he encouraged the Girondin faction in the Legislative Assembly in their policy of war with Austria, in the expectation that a French military disaster would pave the way for the restoration of his royal authority. The Girondists (in French Girondins, and sometimes Brissotins or "Baguettes" were a political faction in France within the Legislative During the French Revolution, the Legislative Assembly was the legislature of France from October 1 1791 to September 1792. Prompted by Marie Antoinette, Louis rejected the advice of the moderate constitutionalists, led by Antoine Barnave, to fully implement the Constitution of 1791, which he had sworn to maintain, and committed himself instead to a policy of covert counter-revolution. Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/ Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie Barnave ( October 22, 1761 &mdash November 29, 1793) was a French politician and together with Honoré The short-lived French Constitution of 1791 was the first written Constitution of France.
The outbreak of the war with Austria in April 1792 and the publication of a manifesto by the Austrian commander, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, threatening the destruction of Paris if the safety of the royal family was again endangered, led to the storming of the Tuileries by Parisian radicals on August 10, 1792. The Brunswick Manifesto was a proclamation issued by Charles William Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick, commander of the Allied Army (principally Austrian and Prussian on 25 Charles William Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel-Bevern ( Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Herzog zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg Fürst von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year This attack led in turn to the suspension of the king's powers by the Legislative Assembly and the proclamation of the First French Republic on September 21. During the French Revolution, the Legislative Assembly was the legislature of France from October 1 1791 to September 1792. The First Republic in France, officially the French Republic (République française was proclaimed on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. In November, proof of Louis XVI's secret dealings with the deceased revolutionary politician, Mirabeau, and of his counterrevolutionary intrigues with foreigners was found in a secret cupboard in the Tuileries. Honoré Gabriel Riqueti Comte de Mirabeau ( March 9, 1749 &ndash April 2, 1791) was a French writer popular orator and statesman It was now no longer possible to pretend that the reforms of the French Revolution had been made with the free consent of the king. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Some Republicans called for his deposition, others for his trial for alleged treason and intended defection to the enemies of the French people. Republicanism is the Ideology of governing a nation as a Republic, with an emphasis on Liberty, Rule of law, Popular sovereignty On December 3 it was decided that Louis, who together with his family had been imprisoned since August, should be brought to trial for treason. He himself appeared twice before the National Convention (December 11 and 23). During the French Revolution, the National Convention or Convention, in France, comprised the Constitutional and legislative assembly
Convicted, Louis was guillotined on January 21, 1793. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Later, Marie Antoinette was also convicted of treason and beheaded nine months after her husband on October 16. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western
References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
The article also draws material from the out-of-copyright History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814, by François Mignet (1824), as made available by Project Gutenberg. Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
- Lindqvist, Herman (1991). Axel von Fersen. Stockholm: Fischer & Co
- Loomis, Stanley (1972). The Fatal Friendship. Avon Books - ISBN 0931933331
- Timothy Tackett, When the King Took Flight (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003)
External links
Primary sources
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