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Flemish literature is literature from Flanders, the northern part of Belgium. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The older Flemish writers were contributors to Dutch literature in the broad sense of nationality; after the separation of Belgium, however, from the Netherlands, when Belgium became independent in 1830, there was a great revival of Flemish literature that distinguished from the Netherlands in language and culture. The terms Fleming and Flemings ( Vlaming and Vlamingen in Dutch) denote respectively a person and people and the Flemings or Similar to other literary traditions Dutch literature is not restricted to the Netherlands alone The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display

Contents

19th Century

Jan Frans Willems
Jan Frans Willems

The immediate result of the Belgian Revolution was a reaction against everything associated with the Dutch, and a disposition to regard the French language as the speech of liberty and independence. The Belgian Revolution was a conflict in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands that began with a riot in Brussels in August 1830 and eventually led to the The provisional government of 1830 suppressed the official use of the Dutch language, which was relegated to the rank of a patois. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Patois is any language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in Linguistics. For some years before 1830 Jan Frans Willems (1793-1846) had been advocating the claims of the Dutch language. Jan Frans Willems ( March 11, 1793 - June 24, 1846) Flemish writer and father of the Flemish movement. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display He had done his best to allay the irritation between the Netherlands and Belgium and to prevent a separation. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands As archivist of Antwerp he made use of his opportunities by writing a history of Flemish letters. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the After the revolution his Dutch sympathies had made it necessary for him to live in seclusion, but in 1835 he settled at Ghent, and devoted himself to the cultivation of Flemish. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Ghent (ˈɡɛnt Gent ʝɛnt in Dutch, Gand in French, and formerly Gaunt in English) is a City and a He edited old Flemish classics, Reinaert de Vos (1836), the rhyming Chronicles of Jan van Heelu and Jean Leclerc, etc. Reynard the Fox, also known as Renard, Renart, Reinard, Reinecke, Reinhardus, Reynardt, Reynaerde Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Jan van Heelu (lived 13th Century) was a Flemish writer Between 1288 - 1294, he wrote a chronicle of the Battle of Woeringen Jean Leclerc, also Johannes Clericus ( March 19 1657 in Geneva - January 8 1736 in Amsterdam) was a , and gathered round him a band of Flemish enthusiasts, the chevalier Philip Blommaert (1809-1871), Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck (1805-1847), Frans Rens (1805-1874), Ferdinand Augustijn Snellaert (1809-1872), Prudens van Duyse (1804-1859), and others. Philip Blommaert ( Ghent, 24 August 1809 - 14 August, 1871) was a Flemish writer Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck ( Eeklo, 9 November, 1805 - Ghent, 19 March, 1847 was a Flemish writer Frans Rens (b Geraardsbergen, 2 February 1805 - d Ghent, 19 December 1874) was a Flemish writer Ferdinand Augustijn Snellaert ( Kortrijk, 21 July, 1809 - Ghent, 3 July, 1872) was a Flemish writer Prudentius van Duyse or Prudens van Duyse ( Dendermonde, 17 September, 1804 - Ghent, 13 November, 1859) was a

Philipp Blommaert, who was born at Ghent on 27 August 1809, founded in 1834 in his native town the Nederduitsche letteroefeningen, a review for the new writers, and it was speedily followed by other Flemish organs, and by literary societies for the promotion of Dutch in Flanders. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In 1851 a central organization for the Flemish propaganda was provided by a society, named after the father of the movement, the Willemsfonds. The Willemsfonds, named after Jan Frans Willems, is a Non-profit cultural organization founded in the 19th century to promote Flemish culture and language The Roman Catholic Flemings founded in 1874 a rival Davidsfonds, called after the energetic Jean-Baptist David (1801-1866), professor at the Universite Catholique de Louvain (Leuven), and the author of a Dutch history book on Belgium (Vaderlandsche historie, Louvain, 1842-1866). Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Davidsfonds is a Catholic organisation in Flanders, Belgium with the purpose of promoting the Flemish culture in the areas of literature Jean-Baptist David ( January 25 1801 &ndash March 24 1866) was a kanunnik and professor Dutch and history at the Katholieke Universiteit The Université catholique de Louvain, sometimes known as UCL, is Belgium 's largest French -speaking University, and a successor institution Leuven ( French: Louvain, often used in English German: Löwen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the As a result of this propaganda the Dutch language was placed on an equality with French in law, and in administration, in 1873 and 1878, and in the schools in 1883. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Finally in 1886 a Flemish Academy was established by royal authority at Ghent, where a course in Flemish literature had been established as early as 1854. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year

Hendrik Conscience
Hendrik Conscience

The claims put forward by the Flemish school were justified by the appearance (1837) of In 't Wonderjaer 1566 (In the Wonderful year) of Hendrik Conscience, who roused national enthusiasm by describing the heroic struggles of the Flemings against the Spaniards. Henri "Hendrik" Conscience ( December 3, 1812 Antwerp - September 10, 1883 Antwerp) was a Flemish writer Conscience was eventually to make his greatest successes in the description of contemporary Flemish life, but his historical romances and his popular history of Flanders helped to give a popular basis to a movement which had been started by professors and scholars.

The first poet of the new school was Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck, the best known of whose poems are those on the three sister cities of Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp (De drie zustersteden, vaderlandsche trilogie, Ghent, 1846), in which he makes an impassioned protest against the adoption of French ideas, manners and language, and the neglect of Flemish tradition. Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck ( Eeklo, 9 November, 1805 - Ghent, 19 March, 1847 was a Flemish writer Bruges (Brugge is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the The book speedily took its place as a Flemish classic. Ledeganck, who was a magistrate, also translated the French code into Flemish. Jan Theodoor van Rijswijck (1811-1849), after serving as a volunteer in the campaign of 1830, settled down as a clerk in Antwerp, and became one of the hottest champions of the Flemish movement. Jan Theodoor van Rijswijck ( Antwerp, 7 July 1811, Antwerp, 7 May 1849 was a Flemish writer For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display He wrote a series of political and satirical songs, admirably suited to his public. The romantic and sentimental poet, Jan van Beers, was typically Flemish in his sincere and moral outlook on life. Jan van Beers ( February 22, 1821 – November 14, 1888) Flemish Poet, usually called " the elder " to distinguish Prudens van Duyse, whose most ambitious work was the epic Artevelde (1859), is perhaps best remembered by a collection (1844) of poems for children. Prudentius van Duyse or Prudens van Duyse ( Dendermonde, 17 September, 1804 - Ghent, 13 November, 1859) was a Peter Frans Van Kerckhoven (1818-1857), a native of Antwerp, wrote novels, poems, dramas, and a work on the Flemish revival (De Vlaemsche Beweging, 1847). Pieter Frans van Kerckhoven ( Antwerp, 10 November, 1818 - Antwerp 1 August, 1857) was a Flemish writer and one of the Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

Antwerp produced a realistic novelist in Jan Lambrecht Domien Sleeckx (1818-1901). Jan Lambrecht Domien Sleeckx or Dominicus Jan Lambrecht ( Antwerp, 2 February, 1818 - Liege, 13 October, 1901) An inspector of schools by profession, he was an indefatigable journalist and literary critic. He was one of the founders in 1844 of the Vlaemsch Belgie, the first daily paper in the Flemish interest. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year His works include a long list of plays, among them Jan Steen (1852), a comedy; Gretry, which gained a national prize in 1861; Vissers van Blankenberge (1863); and the patriotic drama of Zannekin (1865). Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common His talent as a novelist was diametrically opposed to the idealism of Conscience. He was precise, sober and concrete in his methods, relying for his effect on the accumulation of carefully observed detail. He was particularly successful in describing the life of the shipping quarter of his native town. Among his novels are: In't Schipperskwartier(1856), Dirk Meyer (1860), Tybaerts en Cie (1867), Kunst en Liefde (Art and Love, 1870), and Vesalius in Spanje (1895). His complete works were collected in 17 volumes (1877-1884).

Jan Renier Snieders (1812-1888) wrote novels dealing with North Brabant; his brother, August Snieders (1825-1904), began by writing historical novels in the manner of Conscience, but his later novels are satires of contemporary society. Jan Renier Snieders ( Bladel, 22 November, 1812 – Turnhout, 9 April 1888) a brother of August Snieders, was August Snieders ( Bladel, 8 May, 1825 - Brussels, 19 November 1904) was a Flemish journalist and writer A more original talent was displayed by Anton Bergmann (1835-1874), who, under the pseudonym of Tony, wrote Ernest Staas, Advocaat, which gained the quennial prize of literature in 1874. Anton Bergmann ( Lier, 29 June, 1835 -Lier 21 January, 1874) was a Belgian writer and a liberal Flemish activist In the same year appeared the Novellen of the sisters Rosalie (1834-1875) and Virginie Loveling (1836-1923). Rosalie Loveling ( Nevele, Belgium, 20 March, 1834 - Nevele, 4 May, 1875) was a Flemish author of Virginie (Marie Loveling ( 17 May 1836 - 1 December 1923) was a Flemish author of poetry novels essays and children's stories These simple and touching stories were followed by a second collection in 1876. The sisters had published a volume of poems in 1870. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Virginie Lovelings gifts of fine and exact observation soon placed her in the front rank of Flemish novelists. Her political sketches, In onze Vlaamsche gewesten (1877), were published under the name of W. G. E. Walter. Sophie (1885), Een dure Eed (1892), and Het Land der Verbeelding (1896) are among the more famous of her later works. Reimond Stijns (1850-1905) and Isidoor Teirlinck (1851-1934) produced in collaboration one very popular novel, Arm Vlaanderen (1884), and some others, and have since written separately. Reimond Stijns ( Mullem, 10 May, 1850 - Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, 12 December, 1905) was a Belgian writer Isidoor Teirlinck ( Zedelgem, 2 January, 1851 - Vorst- Brussels, 27 June, 1934) was a Belgian writer Cyriel Buysse, a nephew of Virginie Loveling, is a disciple of Émile Zola. Cyrillus Gustave Emile "Cyriel" Baron Buysse ( 20 September 1859 - 25 July 1932) was a Flemish naturalist author Émile François Zola ( (2 April 1840 &ndash 29 September 1902 was an influential French Writer, the most important exemplar of the literary school of Het Recht van den Sterkste ( The Right of the Strongest, 1893) is a picture of vagabond life in Flanders; Schoppenboer (The Knave of Spades, 1898) deals with brutalized peasant life; and Sursum corda (1895) describes the narrowness and religiosity of village life.

In poetry Julius de Geyter (1830-1905), author of a rhymed translation of Reinaert (1874), an epic poem on Charles V. Julius De Geyter ( Lede, 25 April, 1830 – Antwerp, 18 February, 1905) was a Flemish writer (1888), etc. produced a social epic in three parts, Drie menschen van in de wieg tot in het graf (Three Men from the Cradle to the Grave, 1861), in which he propounded radical and humanitarian views. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The songs of Julius Vuylsteke (1836-1903) are full of liberal and patriotic ardour; but his later life was devoted to politics rather than literature. Julius Vuylsteke ( Ghent, 10 November, 1836 - Ghent, 16 January, 1903 was a Belgian liberal politician and writer He had been the leading spirit of a students association at Ghent for the propagation of Flemish views, and the Willemsfonds owed much of its success to his energetic co-operation. His Uit het studentenleven appeared in 1868, and his poems were collected in 1881. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The poems of Mme van Ackere (1803-1884), née Maria Doolaeghe, were modelled on Dutch originals. Maria Doolaeghe ( Diksmuide, 25 October, 1803 -Diksmuide 7 April, 1884) was a Flemish writer Joanna Courtmans (1811-1890), née Berchmans, owed her fame rather to her tales than her poems; she was above all a moralist and her fifty tales are sermons on economy and the practical virtues. Joanna Courtmans, born Joanna-Desideria Berchmans ( Oudergem, 6 September, 1811 - Maldegem, 22 September 1890 Other poets were Emmanuel Hiel, author of comedies, opera libretti and some admirable songs; the abbé Guido Gezelle, who wrote religious and patriotic poems in the dialect of West Flanders; Lodewijk de Koninck (1838-1924), who attempted a great epic subject in Menschdom Verlost (1872); Johan Michiel Dautzenberg (1808-1869) from Heerlen, author of a volume of charming Volksliederen. Emmanuel Hiel (Sint-Gillis- Dendermonde, 30 May, 1834 - Schaarbeek, 27 August, 1899) was a Flemish -Dutch Guido Gezelle ( May 1, 1830 - November 27, 1899) was an influential Dutch language Writer and Poet and a Lodewijk De Koninck ( Hoogstraten, 30 October, 1838 - Retie, 22 March 1924) was a Flemish writer Johan Michiel Dautzenberg ( Heerlen, 6 December, 1808 — Elsene, 4 February, 1869) was a Belgian writer Heerlen ( is a City and a Municipality in the southeastern Netherlands The municipality is the second largest in the province of Limburg. The best of Dautzenberg's work is contained in the posthumous volume of 1869, published by his son-in-law, Frans de Cort (1834-1878), who was himself a song-writer, and translated songs from Robert Burns, from Jacques Jasmin and from German. Frans Jozef de Cort ( Antwerp, 21 June, 1834 - Elsene, 18 January, 1878) was a Flemish writer Robert Burns (25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796 (also known as Rabbie Burns, Scotland's favourite son, the Ploughman Poet, the Bard of Ayrshire Jacques Jasmin ( 16 March 1798 - 4 October 1864) was a Provençal Poet. The Makamen en Ghazelen (1866), adapted from Rückert's version of Hariri, and other volumes by Jan Ferguut (J. Friedrich Rückert ( May 16, 1788 &ndash January 31, 1866) was a German Poet, Translator and professor of Jan Amandus Van Droogenbroeck ( Sint-Amands, 17 January 1835 - Schaarbeek, 27 May 1902) Pseudonym Jan Ferguut A. van Droogenbroeck, 1835-1902) show a growing preoccupation with form, and with the work of Gentil Theodoor Antheunis (1840-1907), they prepare the way for the ingenious and careful workmanship of the younger school of poets, of whom Charles Polydore de Mont was the leader. Gentil Theodoor Antheunis ( Oudenaarde, 9 September, 1840 – Elsene, 5 August, 1907) was a Flemish poet Charles Polydore de Mont or Pol de Mont ( Wambeek, 15 April, 1857 – 29 June, 1931) was a Belgian writer and He was born at Wambeke in Brabant in 1857, and became professor in the academy of the fine arts at Antwerp. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the He introduced something of the ideas and methods of contemporary French writers into Flemish verse; and explained his theories in 1898 in an Inleiding tot de Poezie. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Among Pol de Mont's numerous volumes of verse dating from 1877 onwards are Claribella (1893), and Iris (1894), which contains amongst other things a curious Uit de Legende van Jeschoea-ben-Josief, a version of the gospel story from a Jewish peasant. Charles Polydore de Mont or Pol de Mont ( Wambeek, 15 April, 1857 – 29 June, 1931) was a Belgian writer and

Mention should also be made of the history of Ghent (Gent van den vroegsten Tijd tot heden, 1882-1889) by Frans de Potter (1834-1904), and of the art criticisms of Max Rooses (1839-1914), curator of the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp, and of Julius Sabbe (1846-1910). Frans de Potter (4 January 1834 Ghent – 15 August 1904 was a Belgian writer Max Rooses ( Antwerp, 10 February, 1839 - 15 July, 1914) was a Belgian writer literature critic and curator of the The Plantin-Moretus Museum is a museum in Antwerp, Belgium honouring the famous printers Christoffel Plantijn and Jan Moretus. Julius Ludovicus Maria Sabbe ( Ghent, 14 february 1846 - Bruges, 3 July 1910) was a Flemish publisher and an active

20th Century

Felix Timmermans
Felix Timmermans

In the twentieth Century Flemish literature evolved further and was influenced by the international literary evolution. Cyriel Buysse was a naturalist, while Stijn Streuvels and Felix Timmermans were neo-romanticists. Cyrillus Gustave Emile "Cyriel" Baron Buysse ( 20 September 1859 - 25 July 1932) was a Flemish naturalist author Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting Stijn Streuvels, born Franciscus (Frank Petrus Maria Lateur is a Flemish writer Leopold Maximiliaan Felix Timmermans ( 5 July 1886 &ndash 24 January 1947) is the most translated Author of Flanders. The term neo-romanticism is used to cover a variety of movements in music and painting

After World War I the poet Paul van Ostaijen was an important representative of expressionism in his poems. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Paul van Ostaijen ( Antwerp, February 22 1896 - Miavoye-Anthée, March 18 1928) was a Flemish poet and writer Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an Emotional effect it is a subjective art form In between World War I and World War II, Gerard Walschap, Willem Elsschot and Marnix Gijsen were prominent Flemish writers. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Jacob Lodewijk Gerard Baron Walschap ( Londerzeel -St Jozef 9 July, 1898 - Antwerp, 25 October, 1989) was a Belgian Willem Elsschot ( 7 May 1882 - 31 May 1960) was a Flemish writer and poet ( Pseudonym of Alfons-Jozef De Ridder Marnix Gijsen 20 October 1899 - 29 September, 1984) was a Flemish writer After World War II the first avant-garde magazine Tijd en Mens (E: Time and People) was published from 1949 up to 1955. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard In 1955 it was succeeded by Gard Sivik (E: Civil Guard) (up to 1964), with Hugues C. Pernath and Paul Snoek. Hugues C Pernath ( Borgerhout, 15 August 1931 - Borgerhout, 4 June 1975) was a Belgian writer Edmond André Coralie Schietekat ( Sint-Niklaas, 17 December 1933 - Tielt, 19 October 1981) Pseudonym Paul The most prominent Flemish Vijftiger (E: Generation fifties) was Hugo Claus, who plays an important role in Flemish literature since then. Hugo Maurice Julien Claus ( April 5, 1929 &ndash March 19, 2008) was a Flemish Novelist, Poet, Playwright Other postwar poets were Anton van Wilderode and Christine D'Haen. Cyriel Paul Coupé (born June 28, 1918 in Moerbeke-Waas &ndash died June 15, 1998 in Sint-Niklaas) Pseudonym Christine D'Haen ( Sint-Amandsberg, 25 October 1923) is a Flemish writer Some of the writers who made their debut after 1960 are Eddy Van Vliet, Herman de Coninck, Roland Jooris and Luuk Gruwez. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Eduard Léon Juliaan van Vliet ( Antwerp, 11 September 1942 - Roeselare, 5 October 2002) was a Belgian writer and Herman de Coninck ( 21 February 1944 &ndash 22 May 1997) was a Flemish poet essayist journalist and publisher Roland Jooris ( Wetteren, 22 July 1936) is a Belgian poet and writer on contemporary art Luuk Gruwez ( Kortrijk, 9 August 1953) is a Flemish Poet. Since 1976, he lives in Hasselt where he worked until

The renewal of the Flemish prose immediately after World War II was the work of Hugo Claus and Louis Paul Boon. Louis Paul Boon ( 15 March 1912 - 10 May 1979) was a Flemish journalist and novelist who is considered one of the major 20th century Johan Daisne and Hubert Lampo introduced magic realism in Flemish literature. Johan Daisne was the Pseudonym of Dutch author Herman Thiery ( 2 September 1912 &ndash 9 August 1978) Hubert Lampo ( Antwerp, September 1, 1920 – July 12, 2006) was a Flemish writer one of the founders of Magic realism Magic realism, or magical realism, is an artistic Genre in which magical elements or illogical scenarios appear in an otherwise realistic or even "normal" Ivo Michiels and Paul De Wispelaere represented the new novel. Henri Ceuppens (b Mortsel, 8 January 1923 Pseudonym Ivo Michiels is a Belgian writer Paul De Wispelaere (b Bruges, 4 July 1928) is a Flemish writer In the eighties Walter van den Broeck and Monika van Paemel continued to write in the style of Louis Paul Boon. Walter Stefaan Karel van den Broeck (b 28 March 1941 in Olen) is a Belgian writer and Playwright. Baroness Monika van Paemel (b Poesele, 4 May 1945) is a Belgian writer

Other contemporary authors are Ward Ruyslinck and Jef Geeraerts, Kristien Hemmerechts, Eric de Kuyper, Stefan Hertmans, Pol Hoste, Paul Claes, and Jos Vandeloo. Raymond De Belser (b Berchem, 17 June 1929) Pseudonym Ward Ruyslinck is a Flemish writer Jef Geeraerts (born Antwerp, February 23, 1930) is a Flemish Writer. Kristien Hemmerechts ( Brussels, 27 August 1955) is a Belgian writer Eric De Kuyper (born 2 September 1942, Brussels) is a Belgian experimental Film director and writer Stefan Hertmans (born in Ghent, Belgium in 1951) is a Flemish Belgian writer Paul Gustaaf Julia Hoste ( Lokeren, 25 March 1947) Pseudonym Pol Hoste is a Belgian writer Paul Claes ( Leuven, 30 October 1943) is a Flemish writer poet and translator Jos Vandeloo ( Zonhoven, 5 September 1925) is a Belgian writer and poet In the nineties the Generation X, with Herman Brusselmans and Tom Lanoye made their debut on the Flemish literary scene. Generation X is a term used to describe generations in the United States and other countries born between the approximate years of 1965 to 1981 the late 1950s and 1960s or Herman Brusselmans (born 9 October 1957 in Hamme, Belgium) is a Flemish novelist poet playwright and columnist Tom Lanoye (born August 27, 1958 in Sint-Niklaas) is a Belgian Novelist and Poet who works in Antwerp (

Overview

See also

Bibliography

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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