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Fleischer Studios, Inc. is an American corporation which originated as an animation studio located at 1600 Broadway, New York City, New York. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames Broadway, as the name implies is a wide avenue in New York City. The City of New York It was founded in 1921 by brothers Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer who ran the company from its inception until Paramount Pictures, the studio's parent company and the distributor of its films, forced them to resign in April of 1942. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Max Fleischer ( July 19, 1883 – September 11, 1972) was an important Austrian American pioneer in the development of the David Fleischer ( July 14 1894 – June 25 1979) was an Austrian-American Animator of Jewish ancestry Film director Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In its prime, it was the most significant competitor to Walt Disney Productions, and is notable for bringing to the screen cartoons featuring Koko the Clown, Betty Boop, Bimbo, Popeye the Sailor, and Superman. Koko the Clown is an animated character created by animation pioneer Max Fleischer. Betty Boop is an animated Cartoon character appearing in the Talkartoon and Betty Boop series of films produced by Bimbo is a Fictional character, a Cartoon Dog created by Fleischer Studios. Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero famous for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous TV shows The Superman Animated cartoons, commonly but somewhat erroneously known as the " Fleischer Superman cartoons " were a series of seventeen animated Unlike other studios, whose most famous characters were anthropomorphic animals, most of the Fleischers' most popular characters were humans.

Contents

Silent films

A scene from the eleventh Screen Song cartoon, Smiles (1929).
A scene from the eleventh Screen Song cartoon, Smiles (1929). Screen Songs is the name of a series of animated cartoons produced by the Fleischer Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures between 1929

The company had its start when Max Fleischer invented the rotoscope, which allowed for extremely lifelike animation. Rotoscoping is an Animation technique in which Animators trace over live-action film movement frame by frame for use in Animated films Originally Using this device, the Fleischer brothers got a contract with Bray Studio in 1919 to produce their own series called Out of the Inkwell, which featured their first characters, the as yet unnamed Koko the Clown, and Fitz the Dog, who would evolve into Bimbo in 1930. This is an article about the US animation studio See Bray Studios (UK for the studio where many Hammer Horror films were created Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Out of the Inkwell was a major animated series of the silent era produced by Max Fleischer from 1919 to 1929 Koko the Clown is an animated character created by animation pioneer Max Fleischer. Bimbo is a Fictional character, a Cartoon Dog created by Fleischer Studios. Out of the Inkwell became a very successful series. Out of the Inkwell was a major animated series of the silent era produced by Max Fleischer from 1919 to 1929 As the Bray theatrical operation started to diminish, the brothers began their own studio in 1921. Dave served as the director and supervised the studio's production, while Max served as the producer. The company was known as Out of the Inkwell Films, Incorporated, and later became Fleischer Studios in January, 1929.

Throughout the 1920s, Fleischer was one of the top producers of animation, with clever humor and numerous innovations including the Rotograph, an early photographic process for compositing animation with live action backgrounds. Other innovations included Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes, sing-along shorts (featuring the famous "bouncing ball"), which were a sort of precursor to Karaoke. Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes (some sources erroneously say Sound Car-Tunes) is a series of short three minute Animation films produced by Max Fleischer For the Mac OS program see Bouncing Ball Simulation System. For the extinct computer virus see Bouncing Ball (computer virus. (kɑːrɑːˌoʊkɛ in Japanese karaoke) is a form of Entertainment in which Amateur Singers sing along with recorded Music (and/or a From May 1924 to September 1926, the studio used Dr. Lee De Forest's Phonofilm sound-on-film process to produce 19 early cartoons with synchronized sound tracks, including Come Take a Trip in My Airship, Darling Nelly Gray, Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly and By the Light of the Silvery Moon. Lee De Forest, ( August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American Inventor with over 300 patents to his credit In 1919 Lee De Forest, inventor of the Audion tube, filed his first patent on a Sound-on-film process DeForest Phonofilm, which recorded sound directly Sound-on-film refers to a class of Sound film processes where the sound accompanying picture is physically recorded onto photographic film usually but not always the same " Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly? " music and lyrics by C The Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes series ended in 1927, but returned as the Screen Songs series from 1929 to 1938. Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes (some sources erroneously say Sound Car-Tunes) is a series of short three minute Animation films produced by Max Fleischer Screen Songs is the name of a series of animated cartoons produced by the Fleischer Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures between 1929

Sound and color

With their ealier experience with sound, Fleischer Studios made the transition with ease. Their production and distribution deal with Paramount allowed to expand on their song film format in their newScreen Songs, a continuation of the earlier Ko-Ko Song Cartunes. Screen Songs is the name of a series of animated cartoons produced by the Fleischer Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures between 1929 The first of these was The Sidewalks of New York, released on February 5, 1929. " The Sidewalks of New York " is a Popular song about life in New York City during the 1890s Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In October of that same year, the Fleischers introduced a new series called Talkartoons. Talkartoons is the name of a series of 42 animated cartoons produced by the Fleischer Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures between 1929 Earlier entries in the series were mostly one-shot cartoons, but Bimbo would become a staple of the series. Bimbo is a Fictional character, a Cartoon Dog created by Fleischer Studios. Bimbo was quickly upstaged by his girlfriend, Betty Boop, who quickly became the star of the studio, and by August of 1932, the Talkartoon series was renamed as Betty Boop cartoons; Fleischer Studios also gained more success by using Cab Calloway in three Betty Boop cartoons. Betty Boop is an animated Cartoon character appearing in the Talkartoon and Betty Boop series of films produced by Betty was the first featured female character in American animation, and she reflected the distinctive adult urban orientation of the studio's product.

Betty Boop, from the opening title sequence of the earliest entries in the Betty Boop Cartoons series.
Betty Boop, from the opening title sequence of the earliest entries in the Betty Boop Cartoons series.

The studio's initial successes began to turn as the 1930s continued. In 1934, the Hays Code was enacted in Hollywood, which resluted in severe censorship for films. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the television broadcasting term please see Production code number. Betty's sexuality was neutralized, and much of her charm was lost. At the same time, the Hays Code affected the tone of Paramount's films. Paramount had also gone there three reorganizations from bankruptcy between 1931 and 1936. And the new management set out to make more general audience films of the type made at MGM, but for lower budgets. This change in content policy affected the content of cartoons that Fleischer was to produce for Paramount, who was urging Fleischer to consider emulating the Walt Disney's cartoons. The most notable example of the Fleischers' adaptation of the Disney style was their Color Classics series, which was essentially a copy of Disney's Silly Symphonies. Color Classics was an Animated Short subjects series produced by Fleischer Studios for Paramount Pictures from 1934 to 1941 as a competitor Silly Symphonies is a series of Animated Short subjects 75 in total produced by Walt Disney Productions from 1929 to 1939

The Fleischers' success was further solidified when they licensed E.C. Segar's comic strip character Popeye the Sailor for a cartoon series of his own. Elzie Crisler Segar ( December 8, 1894 &ndash October 13, 1938) was an American Cartoonist, best known as the creator of A comic strip is a sequence of drawings that tells a story Currently in the Western world, most comic strips are written and drawn by a Comics artist Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero famous for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous TV shows Popeye eventually became the most popular series the Fleischers ever produced, and its success rivaled that of Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse cartoons. Walter Elias Disney (December 5 1901 – December 15 1966 was a multiple Academy Award -winning American Film producer, director, Screenwriter Mickey Mouse is a comic animal Cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company. Three Technicolor Popeye featurettes were produced in 1936, 1937, and 1939, and were billed in many theatres alongside with or above the main feature. Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation

Later period

Fleischer Studios' efforts to emulate the Disney studio culminated in the production of animated feature films, following the success of Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American film based on the eponymous German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. The year 1937 in film involved some significant events Events April 16 - Way Out West premieres in Paramount loaned Fleischer the money for a larger studio, which was built in Miami, Florida in order to take advantage of tax breaks and to break up union activity resulting from a bitter 1937 strike. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming The new Fleischer studio opened in October 1938, and production on the first feature, Gulliver's Travels, went from the development stage into active production. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gulliver's Travels is a 1939 Academy Award nominated cel-animated Technicolor Feature film, directed by Dave Fleischer

Upon its Christmas 1939 release, Gulliver performed modestly, although the quality of the story and animation was far behind that of the film it tried to emulate, Snow White. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Between the release of Gulliver and the follow-up feature Mr. Bug Goes to Town (1941), the Fleischers produced their best work from this period, a series of high quality shorts based upon the comic book superhero Superman. Mr Bug Goes to Town, also known as Hoppity Goes to Town and Bugville, is an Animated feature produced by Fleischer The year 1941 in film involved some significant events in particular the release of a film consistently rated as one of the greatest films of all time A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative A superhero (sometimes rendered super-hero or super hero) is a Fictional character "of unprecedented physical prowess dedicated to acts of derring-do The Superman Animated cartoons, commonly but somewhat erroneously known as the " Fleischer Superman cartoons " were a series of seventeen animated [1] The first short in the series, simply titled Superman, had a budget of $50,000, [1] the highest ever for a Fleischer theatrical short, and was nominated for an Academy Award. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film.

The Superman series, Fleischer Studio's most successful late period project.
The Superman series, Fleischer Studio's most successful late period project. The Superman Animated cartoons, commonly but somewhat erroneously known as the " Fleischer Superman cartoons " were a series of seventeen animated

However, this late success did not help the studio lift its financial trouble. The expanded staff of the new Miami studio created a high overhead, necessitating steady production. A number of the shorts turned out during this period, such as the continuing Popeye shorts and a 1941 two-reel adaptation of Raggedy Ann and Andy, maintained a high level of quality. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Raggedy Ann is a Fictional character created by writer Johnny Gruelle (1880&ndash1938 in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children Others, like the Stone Age shorts, and the various Gulliver spin-off series, were among the studio's least successful output.

Acquisition by Paramount

See also: Famous Studios

As profits dwindled, the Fleischers had to surrender their shares of the studio. Famous Studios, renamed Paramount Cartoon Studios in 1956 was the Animation division of the Hollywood film studio Paramount Pictures from 1942 In addition, Max and Dave Fleischer were no longer on speaking terms as a result of professional and personal disputes. [2] Paramount had both Fleischers submit a signed letter of resignation, to be used at Paramount's discretion, in order for the Fleischer Studio to receive financing for the 1940–1941 film season. On May 24, 1941, Paramount assumed full ownership of Fleischer Studios, Inc. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [3] The Fleischers remained in control of production through the end of 1941. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Mr. Bug Goes to Town was finally released on December 5, 1941. Unfortunately, its release fell just two days before the bombing of Pearl Harbor, which brought The United States into World War II. Mr. Bug failed to get a general release, and while it was made within its $500,000 budget, its costs could not be recouped. Dave Fleischer, no longer able to cooperate with brother Max, left the studio at that time to become the head of Columbia's Screen Gems animation studio in California one month premature of the expiration of his Paramount contract. }} Columbia Pictures Industries Inc is an American Film production and distribution company Screen Gems is an American subsidiary company of Sony Pictures Entertainment 's Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group that has served several different California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. With the co-owner of their animation studio now working for a competitor, Paramount cited a "breach" of contract and produced the letters of resignation, calling their loan, which bankrupted Fleischer Studios, Inc. As a result, the Fleischers were removed from control of the studio [3] and Paramount formed a new company, Famous Studios, as a successor to Fleischer Studios in mid-1942. Famous Studios, renamed Paramount Cartoon Studios in 1956 was the Animation division of the Hollywood film studio Paramount Pictures from 1942

Max Fleischer went on to become Head of the Animation Division of the Jam Handy Organization, and Sam Buchwald, Isadore Sparber, Dan Gordon, and Max Fleischer's son-in-law Seymour Kneitel became the new heads of Famous Studios, which was moved back to New York by 1943. Henry Jamison "Jam" Handy ( March 6, 1886 &ndash November 13, 1983) was an Olympic Breaststroke Isadore Sparber was an American Storyboard artist, writer director and producer of animated films Dan Gordon was an American Storyboard artist and Film director, best known for his work at both Famous Studios and Hanna-Barbera Productions Seymour Kneitel ( March 16 1908 – July 30, 1964) was an American Animator. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [3] The Fleischers were never a major force in the industry again, but their films and characters have remained popular. By the 1980s, the Fleischers were recognized as the animation pioneers that they really were. Fleischer Studios is today an in-name-only company, handling the merchandise licensing of Betty Boop.

Public domain

Popeye and Olive Oyl in the Fleischer Studios Popeye the Sailor cartoon A Date to Skate (1938), one of many Fleischer cartoons now in the public domain.
Popeye and Olive Oyl in the Fleischer Studios Popeye the Sailor cartoon A Date to Skate (1938), one of many Fleischer cartoons now in the public domain. Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero famous for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous TV shows Olive Oyl is a Cartoon character created by Elzie Crisler Segar in 1919 for his Comic strip Thimble Theater. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

The issue of rights to the Fleischer/Famous Studios cartoon library is complicated. With the exception of the Superman (sold to Motion Pictures for Television, which produced the 1950's Superman TV series) and Popeye cartoons, Paramount's cartoon library was originally sold to a company called U.M.&M. T.V. Corp. (which later became National Telefilm Associates [NTA] and Republic Pictures). UM&M TV Corp is best known as the original purchaser of Paramount Pictures ' pre-1951 shorts and cartoons (excluding Popeye and Superman) Republic Pictures (also known as Republic Entertainment Inc) is an independent film television and video distribution company that was originally a movie production-distribution U. M. &M. (as well as its NTA successor) altered the original negatives to a majority of the cartoons and modified their original front-and-end credit sequences, either blocking out all references to Paramount or creating new but cheaply done credits.

In 1958, the 1950–1958 cartoons were sold to Harvey Comics, which also bought the 1958–1962 cartoons as well (today they are owned by Classic Media). Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Classic Media Inc is an American Production company /distributor of family programming acquired in 2007 by UK-based rival Entertainment Rights. The copyright for the Fleischers' cartoons was not renewed by Famous or Paramount, and as a result the majority of the Fleischers' cartoons entered the public domain. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone This included the Color Classics series, the Superman series, and the two full-length feature films. The Popeye series did not become public domain as Popeye's trademark was enforced by King Features Syndicate and the cartoons themselves acquired by Associated Artists Productions (which later became part of United Artists), including the three two-reel Popeye Color Specials (Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor, Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves, and Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp). Associated Artists Productions ( aap This article is about the film studio Previously it was affiliated with a cinema chain bearing its name now owned by Regal Entertainment Group. Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor is a two-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Popeye Color Feature series produced Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves is a two-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Popeye Color Feature series Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp is a two-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Popeye Color Specials series produced in

Most of the Fleischers' color films have been widely available on video since the 1980s, often on inexpensive (and poor quality) videotapes sold in supermarkets and department stores as parts of collections of other public-domain cartoons. Both animation fans and the UCLA Film and Television Archive have worked to give the classic Fleischer cartoons the credit they deserve, and high-quality restored editions of the Fleischer cartoons have also been made available on pay-cable, home video and DVD. The UCLA Film and Television Archive is an internationally-renowned Visual arts organization focused on the preservation, study, and appreciation of DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is Many of these restored prints include the original front-and-end Paramount titles.

Roughly half of the entries in the Betty Boop series, and most of those in the Out of the Inkwell/Inkwell Imps series have also entered the public domain, though they are not as widely available because of the popular belief among today's video producers that black-and-white and silent cartoons in general do not appeal to young children. Black-and-white is a number of Monochrome forms in Visual arts. Some of these cartoons have also appeared in restored versions (mostly with their original credits).

The Superman and Popeye series, in one way or another, ended up under the ownership of Warner Bros. Entertainment via its various subsidiaries. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and DC Comics (acquired by Warners in the late 1960s) now owns the original film elements to the Superman series, while Turner Entertainment (acquired by Warners current parent Time Warner in 1996) owns the Popeye series outright (with the exception, of course, of the later produced 1960s made-for-TV shorts which are owned by King Features Entertainment). DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company Turner Entertainment Company Inc is an American media company founded by Ted Turner. Time Warner Inc ( is the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered in New York City.

Meanwhile, Paramount (through Republic, which the studio's parent company, Viacom, acquired in 1999), in a twist of irony, now owns the original elements to its 1927–1950 output they themselves originally released (in addition to the 1962–1967 shorts they have retained the rights to). Viacom ( ( short for " Vi deo & A udio Com munications" is an American Media conglomerate with various worldwide interests Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Paramount now also owns the theatrical rights, while Republic's video licensee, Lions Gate Home Entertainment, holds the home video rights, and what is now CBS Paramount Television now holds most major TV rights (aside from other major and minor/low budget film, TV, and video companies that distribute the public domain cartoons). Lionsgate redirects here For other meanings see Lions' Gate (disambiguation‎. CBS Paramount Television (formerly Desilu Productions, Paramount Television, among other companies is an American Television production Although there were official releases in the late 1980s of Betty Boop compilation VHS and LaserDisc box sets by Live Entertainment (Lions Gate's predecessor), and select Superman cartoons by Warner Home Video (as part of separate VHS and LaserDisc collections of episodes from The Adventures of Superman TV series of the 1950s), it would take longer for any official DVD releases of the Fleischer cartoons due to Republic's ownership and video license changes, the potential film and/or digital restoration costs, and the financial viability as the result of releasing restored versions. The Laserdisc (LD is an obsolete Home video disc format and was the first commercial Optical disc storage medium LIVE Entertainment was a Los Angeles -based Home video distribution company originally founded as Family Home Entertainment in 1981 and were previously

There have been some notable video releases for the Superman series, among the best reviewed of these was a 1991 VHS set produced by Bosko Video, titled The Complete Superman Collection: Golden Anniversary Edition - The Paramount Cartoon Classics of Max & Dave Fleischer released as two volumes which featured high-quality transfers from 35mm prints. At least two separate versions of the Superman series was released on DVD, both of which feature all 17 original episodes: The Complete Superman Cartoons — Diamond Anniversary Edition (released in 2000 by Image Entertainment, this DVD was a re-issue of the Bosko Video tape set) and Superman Adventures (released in 2004 by Platinum Disc Corporation)--a third (and more "official") compilation using restored and remastered materials was released in November, 2006 by Warner Home Video as part of their DVD box set of Superman films; and VCI Entertainment/Kit Parker Films' DVD compilation of all the Color Classics entitled Somewhere In Dreamland, which includes only a fraction of shorts remastered from 35MM, but otherwise taken from the best available sources Kit Parker could provide VCI, and digitally recreating the original front-and-end Paramount titles. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Image Entertainment Inc. is a leading independent licensee producer and distributor of home entertainment programming in North America with approximately 3000 exclusive DVD Warner Home Video is the Home video unit of Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (Animation archivist Jerry Beck served as consultant for this box set, as well as providing audio commentary for select shorts. Jerry Beck (born February 9, 1955) is a well known animation historian with ten books and numerous articles to his )

Influence

The loose, improvisatory animation, frequently surreal action (particularly in films such as Snow White and Bimbo's Initiation), grungy atmosphere, and racy pre-Code content of the early Fleischer Studios cartoons have been a major influence on many underground and alternative cartoonists. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Snow White is a 1933 animated short film in the Betty Boop series from Max Fleischer 's Fleischer Studios. Bimbo's Initiation is a 1931 Fleischer Studios Talkartoon Animated short film starring Bimbo and featuring Betty Boop. Pre-Code films were created before the Motion Picture Production Code or Hays Code - censorship guidelines - took effect on 1 July 1934 in the United Underground comics (or comix) are Small press or self-published Comic books that began to appear in the US in the late 1960s The term "alternative comics" is one of several labels applied to a range of Comics that have appeared since about 1980 in the wake of the Underground comix Kim Deitch, Robert Crumb, Jim Woodring, and Al Columbia are among the creators who have specifically acknowledged their inspiration. Kim Deitch (b 1944 is an American Comics artist He was an important figure in the Underground comix movement of the 1960s regularly contributing comical Robert Dennis Crumb (born August 30, 1943) often credited simply as R Jim Woodring (born October 11 1952 in Los Angeles) is a Seattle -based Comic book author and artist Al Columbia (born 1970 is an American Cartoonist, Illustrator, Writer, Photographer and Musician.

Much of Richard Elfman's 1980 cult film Forbidden Zone is a live action pastiche of the early Fleischer Studios style. Richard "Rick" Elfman (born March 6, 1949, in Los Angeles, California) is an American Film director, Writer A cult film is a Film that has acquired a highly devoted but relatively small group of fans. Forbidden Zone is a 1982 musical Comedy film based upon the stage performances of the Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo. The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic Genre.

Filmography

One-reel shorts series

Two-reel shorts

Feature films

References

  1. ^ a b Barrier, Michael (1999). Out of the Inkwell was a major animated series of the silent era produced by Max Fleischer from 1919 to 1929 John Randolph Bray ( 25 August 1879, Detroit - 10 October 1978, Bridgeport Connecticut) produced the first Animation Out of the Inkwell was a major animated series of the silent era produced by Max Fleischer from 1919 to 1929 Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes (some sources erroneously say Sound Car-Tunes) is a series of short three minute Animation films produced by Max Fleischer Screen Songs is the name of a series of animated cartoons produced by the Fleischer Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures between 1929 Talkartoons is the name of a series of 42 animated cartoons produced by the Fleischer Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures between 1929 Betty Boop is an animated Cartoon character appearing in the Talkartoon and Betty Boop series of films produced by Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero famous for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous TV shows Color Classics was an Animated Short subjects series produced by Fleischer Studios for Paramount Pictures from 1934 to 1941 as a competitor Gabby was a Max Fleischer animated Cartoon series distributed through Paramount Pictures. The Superman Animated cartoons, commonly but somewhat erroneously known as the " Fleischer Superman cartoons " were a series of seventeen animated The Einstein Theory of Relativity is a Silent film released in 1923 by Fleischer Studios. Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor is a two-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Popeye Color Feature series produced Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves is a two-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Popeye Color Feature series Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp is a two-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Popeye Color Specials series produced in Raggedy Ann is a Fictional character created by writer Johnny Gruelle (1880&ndash1938 in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children " The Raven " is a narrative poem by the American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in January 1845 Gulliver's Travels is a 1939 Academy Award nominated cel-animated Technicolor Feature film, directed by Dave Fleischer Mr Bug Goes to Town, also known as Hoppity Goes to Town and Bugville, is an Animated feature produced by Fleischer Hollywood Cartoons. New York: Oxford University Press. Pg. 304.
  2. ^ Beck, Jerry. Fleischer Becomes Famous Studios. Cartoon Research. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce.
  3. ^ a b c Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons. New York: Oxford University Press. Pgs. 303-305. ISBN 0-19-516729-5.

See also

External links

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