For other uses, see
Flay.
Flaying is the removal of skin from the body. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all In Christian eschatology, the Last Judgment or Day of the Lord is the judgment by God of every human who ever lived Saint Bartholomew was one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus. Bartholomew (Βαρθολομαίος transliterated "Bartholomaios" comes from The skin is the outer covering of living tissue of an animal (or plant With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual Generally, an attempt is made to maintain the removed portion of skin intact.
Scope
An animal may be flayed in preparation for human consumption, or for its hide or fur; this is more commonly called skinning. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. Skinning, a gerund from the verb to skin, commonly refers to the act of Skin removal
Flaying of humans is used as a method of torture or execution, depending on how much of the skin is removed. Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. This article deals with flaying in the sense of torture and execution. This is often referred to as "flaying alive". There are also records of people flayed after death, generally as a means of debasing the corpse of a prominent enemy or criminal, sometimes related to religious beliefs (e. Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment g. to deny an afterlife); sometimes the skin is used, again for deterrence, magical uses etc. (cfr. scalping). Scalping is the act of removing the Scalp, usually with the hair as a portable proof or trophy of prowess in war
Flaying is distinct from flagellation in that flaying uses a sharp instrument, typically some knife, in an attempt to remove skin (where the pain is incidental to the operation), whereas flagellation is any corporal punishment that uses some type of whip, rod or other sharp implement in order to cause physical pain (where the possible removal of some skin is incidental to the operation). Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, "whip" the human body A knife is a handheld sharp-edged instrument consisting of handle attached to a Blade used for cutting Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm Corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain intended to Punish a person or change his/her behavior The word whip describes two basic types of tools A long stick-like device usually slightly flexible with a small bit of leather or cord called a "popper" on the In colloquial usage, the two terms are sometimes confused.
History
Flaying is apparently a very ancient practice. There are accounts of Assyrians flaying the skin from a captured enemy or rebellious ruler and nailing it to the wall of his city, as warning to all who would defy their power. The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. The Aztecs of Mexico flayed victims of ritual human sacrifice, generally after death. Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Human sacrifice is the act of Homicide (the Killing of one or several Human beings in the context of a Religious ritual ( ritual killing Searing or cutting the flesh from the body was sometimes used as part of the public execution of traitors in medieval Europe. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. A similar mode of execution was used as late as the early 1700s in France; one such episode is graphically recounted in the opening chapter of Michel Foucault's Discipline and Punish (1979). Michel Foucault ( (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984 was a French philosopher, Historian, Intellectual, Critic and Sociologist. Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison is a book written by the philosopher Michel Foucault. In China, a variant form of flaying known as death by a thousand cuts was practiced as late as 1905.
Examples of flayings
- Yahu-Bihdi, ruler of Hamath, was flayed alive by the Assyrians under Sargon II. Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian Yahu-Bihdi was a governor of Hamath appointed by the Assyrian government Hama (ancient Hamath; Arabic: حماة meaning fortress is a city on the banks of the Orontes river in central Syria north of The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. Sargon II ( Akkadian Šarru-kinu "legitimate king" reigned 722 – 705 BC was an Assyrian king
- According to Herodotus, Sisamnes, a corrupt judge under Cambyses II of Persia, was flayed alive for accepting a bribe. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash According to Herodotos, Sisamnes was a corrupt judge under Cambyses II of Persia.
- In Greek mythology, Marsyas, a satyr, was flayed alive for daring to challenge Apollo. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance In Greek mythology, the Satyr Marsyas ( gr) appeared in two vignettes: in one he picked up the double flute ( Aulos In Greek mythology, satyrs (Σάτυροι Satyroi) are a troop of male companions of Pan and Dionysus – " Satyresses quot
- Also according to Greek mythology, Aloeus is said to have had his wife flayed alive. In Greek mythology, Aloeus (Ἀλωεύς was the son of Poseidon and Canace, husband first of Iphimedia and later of Eeriboea, and
- Tradition holds that Saint Bartholomew was flayed before being crucified. The word tradition comes from the Latin traditionem acc of traditio which means "a giving up delivering up surrendering" and is used in a number of A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity Saint Bartholomew was one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus. Bartholomew (Βαρθολομαίος transliterated "Bartholomaios" comes from Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from
- In Aztec mythology, Xipe Totec is the flayed god of death and rebirth. The Aztec civilization recognized a polytheistic mythology which contained the many gods (over 100 and supernatural creatures from their religious beliefs In Aztec mythology, Xipe Totec ("our lord the flayed one" was a Life-death-rebirth deity, god of Agriculture, the west disease spring Slaves were flayed annually as sacrifices to him.
- The Talmud discusses how Rabbi Akiva was flayed by the Romans for the public teaching of Torah. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Akiva redirects here For other people and things with this name see Akiva (disambiguation. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to
- In AD 260 Roman Emperor Valerian was taken prisoner by Persians. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of For other uses see Valerian. Publius Licinius Valerianus (c 200 - after 260 commonly known in English as Valerian layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox Some accounts hold that he was flayed and his skin turned into a footstool. A footstool is a piece of Furniture, the purpose of which is to support one's feet [1]
- In 415, the Neo-Platonist philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria was flayed alive. Hypatia of Alexandria (haɪˈpeɪʃə ( Greek:; born between AD 350 and 370 – 415 was a Greek scholar from Alexandria in Egypt, considered
- Mani, founding prophet of Manichaeism, was said to have been flayed or beheaded (c. Mani (in Persian: مانی Syriac: syr-Syrc ܡܐܢܝ (c 210–276 AD was the founder of Manichaeism, an ancient Gnostic Religion Manichaeism (in Modern Persian fa-Arab آیین مانی Āyin e Māni; Chinese zh 摩尼教 was one of the major Gnostic Religions originating Decapitation (from Latin, caput, capitis, meaning head or beheading, is the cutting off of the head of a person or animal 275).
- Totila is said to have ordered the bishop of Perugia, Herculanus, to be flayed when he captured that city in 549. Totila (died Jul 1 552) was king of the Ostrogoths from 541 until his death Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia Saint Herculanus (Sant' Ercolano of Perugia (d 549 was a Bishop of Perugia and is Patron saint of that city
- The Polish Jesuit Saint Andrew Bobola was burned, half strangled, partly flayed alive and killed by a sabre stroke by Cossacks on the schismatic side. Saint Andrew Bobola (Andrzej Bobola (1591&ndash 16 May, 1657) was a Jesuit Missionary and Martyr, known as "an Apostle of Pinszczyzna"
- In a particularly acute example of deadpan, Jonathan Swift's narrator in "A Tale of a Tub" says, "Last week I saw a woman flay’d, and you will hardly believe how much it alter'd her person for the worse". Deadpan is a form of non-comedic delivery in which Humour is presented without a change in emotion or Facial expression, usually speaking in Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 A Tale of a Tub was the first major work written by Jonathan Swift, composed between 1694 and 1697 and published in 1704
- One of the plastinated exhibits in Body Worlds includes an entire posthumously flayed skin, and many of the other exhibits have had their skin removed. Plastination is a technique used in Anatomy to preserve bodies or body parts Body Worlds ( German title Körperwelten) is a Traveling exhibition of preserved Human bodies and body parts that are prepared using a technique
- Daskalogiannis, a Cretan rebel against the Ottoman Empire was said to have been flayed alive. Ioannis Vlachos (Ιωάννης Βλάχος better known as Daskalogiannis (Δασκαλογιάννης (?- June 17 1771) was a Cretan rebel Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
- The Rawhide Valley in Wyoming is said to have gotten its name from a white settler who was flayed alive there for murdering an Indian woman. The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.
- Marco Antonio Bragadino was flayed during the Conquest of Famagusta (in Cyprus) by the Ottomans in 1571. Marco Antonio Bragadin, also Marcantonio Bragadin, ( Venice, 21 April 1523 - Famagusta, 17 August 1571) was a "Magusa" redirects here For the Moth Genus, see Magusa (moth. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish (It was Helen Lessore's speculation that this provided the inspiration for Titian's painting The Flaying of Marsyas. Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian )
- In AD 991 during a Viking raid in England, a Danish Viking was flayed by London locals for ransacking a church. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas
- Pierre Basile was flayed alive and all defenders of the chateau hanged on 6 April 1199, by order of the mercenary leader Mercadier, for shooting and killing King Richard I of England with a crossbow at the siege of Chalus in March 1199. Pierre Basile (died April 6, 1199) also named Bertran de Gurdun and John Sabroz was a French boy famous for shooting King Richard I of Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Mercadier (d 1200 was a French warrior of the 12th century and chief of Freebooters in the service of Richard I of England. Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A crossbow is a Weapon consisting of a bow mounted on a stock that shoots projectiles often called bolts
- In 1314, the brothers d'Aulnoy, who were lovers to the daughters-in-law of king Philippe IV of France, were flayed alive, then castrated and beheaded; and their bodies were exposed on a gibbet. Castration (also referred to as Gelding, Neutering, Fixing, orchiectomy, and orchidectomy is any action surgical, chemical A gibbet is any of several different devices used in the public execution of criminals and the deterrence of future crime The extreme severity of their punishment was due to the lèse majesté nature of the crime. Lèse majesté ( French expression from the Latin Laesa maiestas or Laesae maiestatis (crimen, (crime of injury to the Majesty in English
- In 1318, Harpal Dev, the son-in-law of King Ramdev Rao Yadav (Yadava Dynasty) of Deogiri, Maharashtra, India, revolted against the Khilji rulers of Delhi. Name of the dynasty The Seuna dynasty claimed descent from the Yadavas and are often referred to as the "Yadavas of Devagiri" Fort of Devagiri The area of the city includes the hill-fortress of Devagiri ( Marathi देवगिरी (sometimes Latinised to Deogiri Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Khilji or Khalji ( Pashto: خلجی خاندان, Hindi: ख़िलजी ख़ानदान was an Indian ruling dynasty that was Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Harpal was defeated and flayed alive and his corpse was hanged outside the gates of the city of Deogiri (present day Daulatabad). Fort of Devagiri The area of the city includes the hill-fortress of Devagiri ( Marathi देवगिरी (sometimes Latinised to Deogiri
- In 1404 or 1417, the Hurufi Imad ud-Din Nesîmî, an Islamic poet of Turkic extraction, was flayed alive, apparently on orders of a Timurid governor, and for heresy. Hurufism ( حروفية hurufiyya, adjective form hurufi) was a mystical kabbalistic Sufi doctrine which spread in areas of western Persia, For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief
- In 1424, on his deathbed, Jan Zizka ordered that after his death, his body was to be flayed and his skin made into a drumhead so he could scare his enemies even when dead. Jan Žižka z Trocnova a Kalicha (English John Zizka of Trocnov, German Johann Ziska or Johann Schischka) (c A drumhead is a membrane stretched over one or both of the open ends of a Drum.
- Nat Turner was hanged on November 11, 1831. Nat Turner (Nathaniel Turner October 2 1800 – November 11 1831 was an American slave who started the largest slave rebellion in the Antebellum His body was then flayed, beheaded and quartered.
- In 2000, government troops in Myanmar reportedly flayed all the male inhabitants of a Karenni village. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Karenni, also known as Red Karen or Kayah, are a Sino-Tibetan people living mostly in Kayah State of Burma.
See also
References
- ^ Lactantius, De Mort. Anthropodermic bibliopegy is the practice of binding books in Human Skin. Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, "whip" the human body For other uses see Paddle (disambiguation spanking paddle is a usually wooden instrument with a long flat face and narrow neck so called because Spanking is a form of Corporal punishment that generally consists of striking the Buttocks of a Child or Teenager, usually by the parents The word whip describes two basic types of tools A long stick-like device usually slightly flexible with a small bit of leather or cord called a "popper" on the Pers. 5; Wickert, 492-493; Parker, 170.
External links
Dictionary
flaying
-verb
- Present participle of flay.
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