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 19th c. engraving depicting several types of flatfish
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Suborder Psettodoidei |
The flatfish are an order (Pleuronectiformes) of ray-finned fish, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. Scophthalmidae is a family of Flatfish which includes the Turbot and the Megrim. Lefteye flounders are a family Bothidae, of Flounders They are called "lefteye flounders" because most species lie on the sea bottom on their right side Flounder (rarely fluke) are Flatfish that live in ocean waters ie Righteye flounders are a family Pleuronectidae, of Flounders They are called "righteye flounders" because most species lie on the sea bottom on their left Flounder (rarely fluke) are Flatfish that live in ocean waters ie Large-tooth flounders are a family Paralichthyidae, of Flounders They lie on the sea bed on their right side both eyes are on the left side of the head The southern (or armless) flounders are a small family of Flounders found in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters Samaridae is a small family of Flounders Species The family contains 21 described species The true soles are a family Soleidae, of Flatfishes and include species that live in salt water and Fresh water. The American soles are a family ( Achiridae) of Flatfish occurring in both freshwater and marine environments of the Americas Tonguefishes are a family Cynoglossidae, of Flatfishes They are found in tropical and subtropical oceans mainly in shallow waters and estuaries, though This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony Fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. The name means "side-swimmers" in Greek. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly In many species both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through and around the head during development. Some species face their "left" side upward, some face their "right" side upward, and others face either side upward. The other distinguishing features of the order are the presence of protrusible eyes, another adaptation to living on the seabed (benthos), and the extension of the dorsal fin onto the head. "Ocean Floor" redirects here For the 2001 song by Audio Adrenaline, see Lift (Audio Adrenaline album. Benthos are the organisms which live on in or near the Seabed, also known as the Benthic zone.
Many important food fish are in this order, including the flounders, soles, turbot, plaice, and halibut. Flounder (rarely fluke) are Flatfish that live in ocean waters ie The soles are Flatfishes of various families Generally speaking they are the members of the family Soleidae, but outside Europe, the name 'sole' is also Turbot ( family Scophthalmidae order Pleuronectiformes) are Flatfish native to marine or Brackish waters of the North The PLAICE, or FLASH-PLAICE, is a powerful Open source hardware device combining a Flash memory programmer, In-circuit emulation, A halibut is a type of Flatfish There are more than 400 species of this order. Some flatfish can camouflage themselves on the ocean floor.
Flatfish have been cited as dramatic examples of evolutionary adaptation. The wide range of evidence of common descent of living things strongly indicates the occurrence of Evolution and provides a wealth of information on the natural processes For example, Richard Dawkins in The Blind Watchmaker, explains the flatfish's evolutionary history as:
. Clinton Richard Dawkins, FRS, FRSL (born 26 March 1941 is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and Popular science The Blind Watchmaker is a 1986 book by Richard Dawkins in which he presents an explanation of and argument for the theory of Evolution by means of . . bony fish as a rule have a marked tendency to be flattened in a vertical direction. . . . It was natural, therefore, that when the ancestors of [flatfish] took to the sea bottom, they should have lain on one side. . . . But this raised the problem that one eye was always looking down into the sand and was effectively useless. In evolution this problem was solved by the lower eye 'moving' round to the upper side.
The development of flatfish is thus considered to recapitulate their evolutionary history. The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism, and often expressed as Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny
The asymmetric geometry of flatfish has been likened to the cubist paintings of Pablo Picasso, and is often perceived as being "imperfect", "grotesque", "strange", etc. Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 It is likely that the asymmetry contributes to their survival by helping to disguise them on the ocean floor.
Species
some "species" listed here are groups of species. see individual entries for further lists.
External links
See also
The brill, Scophthalmus rhombus, is a Species of Flatfish in the Turbot Family (Scophthalmidae of the order Pleuronectiformes The common dab is an edible Flatfish in the genus Limanda. Like other flatfishes it has both eyes on the same side of the head Flounder (rarely fluke) are Flatfish that live in ocean waters ie A halibut is a type of Flatfish The megrim or whiff (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (Walbaum 1792 is a species of left-eyed Flatfish found in European seas between 100 and 700 metres below The PLAICE, or FLASH-PLAICE, is a powerful Open source hardware device combining a Flash memory programmer, In-circuit emulation, The soles are Flatfishes of various families Generally speaking they are the members of the family Soleidae, but outside Europe, the name 'sole' is also Tonguefishes are a family Cynoglossidae, of Flatfishes They are found in tropical and subtropical oceans mainly in shallow waters and estuaries, though Turbot ( family Scophthalmidae order Pleuronectiformes) are Flatfish native to marine or Brackish waters of the North Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition.Dictionary
flatfish
-noun
- A fish of the order Pleuronectiformes, the adults of which have both eyes on one side and usually swim with the other side down, such as a flounder, a halibut, or a sole.
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