A flamen was a name given to a priest assigned to a state-supported god or goddess in Roman religion. The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Ancient Roman religion encompasses the collection of Beliefs and Rituals practised in Ancient Rome in the form of Cult practices There were fifteen flamines in the Roman Republic. The most important three were the flamines maiores (or "major priests"), who served the three chief Roman gods of the Archaic Triad. The Capitoline Triad was a group of three supreme deities in Roman religion who were worshipped in an elaborate temple on Rome 's Capitoline Hill, the The remaining twelve, two of whom are unknown, were the flamines minores ("lesser priests").
The fifteen flamines were part of the Pontificial College which administered state sponsored religion in Rome. PONTIFEX (Planning Of Non-specific Transportation by an Intelligent Fleet EXpert was a mid-1980s project that introduced a novel approach to complex aircraft fleet scheduling Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 When the office of flamen was vacant, a pontifex could serve as a temporary replacement, although only the Pontifex Maximus is known to have substituted for the Flamen Dialis. PONTIFEX (Planning Of Non-specific Transportation by an Intelligent Fleet EXpert was a mid-1980s project that introduced a novel approach to complex aircraft fleet scheduling The Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the Ancient Roman College of Pontiffs. The Flamen Dialis was an important position in Roman religion
The official costume of a flamen, of great antiquity, was a hat called an apex and a heavy woollen cloak called a laena. The laena was a double-thick wool cloak with a fringed edge, and was worn over the flamen's toga with a clasp holding it around his throat. (Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil iv. "Servius" redirects here For the Roman king see Servius Tullius. 262; Cicero Brutus 57). Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman The apex was a leather skull-cap with a chin-strap and a point of olive wood on its top, like a spindle, with a little fluff of wool at the base of the spindle (Servius Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil ii. "Servius" redirects here For the Roman king see Servius Tullius. 683, viii. 664, x. 270).
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History and etymology
By the time of the religious reformation of Augustus, the origins and functions of many of the long-neglected gods resident in Rome was confusing even to the Romans themselves. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was The obscurity of some of the deities assigned flamines (for example Falacer, Palatua, Quirinus and Volturnus) suggests that the office was ancient. A god who though provided a Flamen (a high honor for a god in the Roman Religion we know nothing else about Palatua was a Roman Goddess who was provided an official priest or Flamen, the Flamen Palatualis, and was charged with guarding the Palatine Hill. In Roman mythology, Quirinus was an early god of the Roman state This page is about the Roman river-god For Vulturnus the Roman god of the east wind see Anemoi. Many scholars assume that the flamines existed at least from the time of the early Roman kings, before the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the This scholarly opinion is in agreement with the belief of the Romans themselves, who credited the foundation of their priesthood to Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome. Numa Pompilius, according to Legend, was the second King of Rome, succeeding Romulus.
The origin of the word flamen is as obscure as are some of the assigned gods. Indo-Europeanist Georges Dumezil attempted to link it to the Sanskrit word brahman, but this etymology is controversial. Indo-European studies is a field of Linguistics dealing with Indo-European languages, both current and extinct Georges Dumézil ( March 4, 1898 – October 11, 1986) was a French comparative Philologist best known for his analysis of Sovereignty Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Brahman ( bráhman-, Nominative bráhma sa ब्रह्म is a concept of Hinduism. Sophus Bugge suggested in 1879 that flamen is from an older *flădmen and related to the Germanic blót. Sophus Bugge (1833-1907 was a Norwegian Philologist, known for his theories and work on the Runic alphabet, and the Poetic Edda Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The blót ( Old Norse plural same as singular refers to Norse pagan sacrifice to the Norse gods and Elves. Both would be derived from a Proto-Indo-European word *bhlād(s)men. [1] The flamines were circumscribed by many taboos: see Smith. A taboo is a strong Social prohibition (or ban) against words objects actions or discussions that are considered undesirable or offensive by a group culture
Flamines maiores
The three flamines maiores were required to be patricians. The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and
The Flamen Dialis oversaw the cult of Jupiter, the sky deity and ruler of the gods. The Flamen Dialis was an important position in Roman religion In Roman mythology, Jupiter was the king of the gods and the god of Sky and Thunder.
The Flamen Martialis oversaw the cult of Mars, the god of war, leading public rites on the days sacred to Mars. The Flamen Martialis, who was always a patrician oversaw the cult of Mars, the god of war leading public rites on the days sacred to Mars Mars was the Roman Warrior god, the son of Juno and Jupiter, husband of Bellona, and the lover of Venus. The sacred spears of Mars were ritually shaken by the Flamen Martialis when the legions were preparing for war. This is an article about a particle accelerator For uses of spear, see Spear or Spear (disambiguation. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription,"
The Flamen Quirinalis oversaw the cult of Quirinus, who presided over organized Roman social life and was related to the peaceful aspect of Mars. A flamen was a name given to a Priest assigned to a state-supported god or goddess in Roman religion. In Roman mythology, Quirinus was an early god of the Roman state The Flamen Quirinalis led public rites on the days sacred to Quirinus.
A fourth flamen maior was added after 44 BC dedicated to Julius Caesar. When the imperial cult got underway, further flamines were appointed to worship the divine Roman emperors. The Imperial cult in Ancient Rome was the worship of a few select emperors as gods once they were deceased the only emperor to The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC
Flamines minores
The twelve flamines minores could be plebeians. Plebs were the general body of landowners of Roman Citizens in Ancient Rome. Some of the deities they worshipped were rather obscure, and only ten are known by name:
- Flamen Carmentalis, who worshipped Carmentis
- Flamen Cerialis, who worshipped Ceres
- Flamen Falacer, who worshipped Falacer
- Flamen Floralis, who worshipped Flora
- Flamen Furrialis, who worshipped Furrina
- Flamen Palatualis, who worshipped Palatua
- Flamen Pomonalis, who worshipped Pomona
- Flamen Portunalis, who worshipped Portunes
- Flamen Volcanalis, who worshipped Vulcan
- Flamen Volturnalis, who worshipped Volturnus
There were two other flamines minores during republican times, but the gods or goddesses whom they worshipped are not known. For the Genus of Lepidoptera, see Carmenta (moth In Roman mythology, Carmenta was the goddess of childbirth and A god who though provided a Flamen (a high honor for a god in the Roman Religion we know nothing else about In Roman mythology, Flora was a Goddess of flowers and the season of spring. Furrina was a Roman Goddess dating from the Republican era Her function in the Roman Pantheon is mostly unknown even during the time of Cicero Palatua was a Roman Goddess who was provided an official priest or Flamen, the Flamen Palatualis, and was charged with guarding the Palatine Hill. In Roman mythology, Pomona was the goddess of fruit trees gardens and orchards In Roman mythology, Portunes (alternatively spelled Portumnes or Portunus) was a god of keys and doors and livestock In ancient Roman religion and Hellenic neopaganism, Vulcan is the god of beneficial and hindering fire including the fire of Volcanoes He is also This page is about the Roman river-god For Vulturnus the Roman god of the east wind see Anemoi. The obscurity of the gods worshipped by the ten flamines minores makes any speculation about the gods of the remaining two doubtful.
References
External links
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