Flag of Spain

Use	National flag and ensign. The design and description of Flags typically uses specialised flag terminology' with precise and technical meanings and is hence a form of Jargon. A national flag is a Flag that symbolises a country The flag is flown by the government but usually can be flown by Citizens of that country as well
Proportion	2:3
Adopted	December 19, 1981
Use	Civil flag and ensign. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 The design and description of Flags typically uses specialised flag terminology' with precise and technical meanings and is hence a form of Jargon. A civil flag is a version of the National flag that is flown by civilians on non-government installations or craft A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office
Proportion	2:3
Adopted	May 28, 1785

The flag of Spain, as it is defined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, is divided into three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow stripe being twice the size of each red stripe. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength Yellow is the Color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M (long and medium wavelength Cone cells of the Retina about equally The state and war flags and ensigns must be charged with the Spanish coat of arms, while the civil flag and ensign leaves the inclusion of the coat of arms as optional. The current Coat of arms of Spain was approved by law in 1981 when the present established replaced the interim version which in turn replaced the official arms of Francoist The coat of arms must be placed at 1/3 the flag's length towards the hoist, and the height of the coat of arms should measure two fifths of the flag's width (i. e. hoist).

The current coat of arms was adopted on December 19, 1981^[1], when it replaced the model of 1977 which, in turn, replaced the model of 1945, considered the official coat of arms of Francoist Spain. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid The coat of arms was the only changing element in those years. The colours previously defined in the constitution were amarillo (yellow) and rojo (red). Traditionally, the middle stripe was defined by the more archaic terms amarillo gualda (weld-coloured) but this word was removed from the draft of the Constitution by an amendment of Camilo José Cela, a writer appointed by the king to the Constituent Cortes. Don Camilo José Cela Trulock Marquis of Iria Flavia (Don Camilo José Cela Trulock marqués de Iria Flavia ( May 11, 1916 — January Early life Juan Carlos was born in Rome, where his grandfather Alfonso XIII of Spain lived in exile after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic Constituent Cortes (Cortes constituyentes is the description of the Cortes ( Spanish Parliament) when convened as a constituent assembly.

The origin of the current flag of Spain is the Naval Ensign of 1785^[2], Pabellón de la Marina de Guerra under Charles III of Spain. An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office Charles III ( January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was King of Spain 1700–88 (as Carlos III King of Naples and

Throughout the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, this color scheme remained intact, being the only changes centered on the coat of arms. In the modern flag, the coat of arms is greatly simplified as compared to previous variants.

Each of the four quadrants represent one of the four kingdoms that were merged to form a unified Spain at the end of the 15th century. Namely, the kingdoms are: Castile, represented by the castle, León, represented by the lion, Aragon, represented by the vertical alternating red and yellow stripes (four red stripes, five yellow stripes), and Navarre, represented by the linked chains. Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Also the moorish kingdom of Granada is represented by the pomegranate fruit in the bottom of the coat of arms. Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. The impaled fleur de lys represents the ruling House of Borbón. The fleur-de-lys (or fleur-de-lis, plural fleurs-de-lis ˌfləː(rdəˈliː (ˌfləː(rdəˈlɪs in Quebec) translated from French as "lily The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. The two columns with the "plus ultra" ensign (meaning "further beyond" in Latin) represent Spanish discovery and colonization of America, the columns being the mythological Pillars of Hercules (of the Strait of Gibraltar, gateway to the Atlantic Ocean). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spain 's conquest settlement and rule over much of the Western hemisphere. The Pillars of Hercules was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The Strait of Gibraltar ( Arabic: مضيق جبل طارق Spanish: Estrecho de Gibraltar) is the Strait that connects the Atlantic The "Plus Ultra" phrase replaced the former "Non Plus Ultra" (something like "No further from here") before the discovery of America, since Spain was considered "the Westernmost point" on Earth (thus, "no further from here")^[3]

The coat of arms consists of a crowned shield, quartered and guarded on each side by the crowned Pillars of Hercules - representing Gibraltar and Ceuta. To be hanged drawn and quartered was the penalty once ordained in England for the crime of High treason. The Pillars of Hercules was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, which Each quarter displays badges of the original Spanish kingdoms. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period In the centre of the shield is a inescutcheon with the emblem of the reigning Spanish royal Family, House of Bourbon, which is a blue oval with a red-edged border containing three fleur de lies. Escutcheon (ɪ'skʌtʃən (also called scutcheon) is the term used in Heraldry for the Shield displayed The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. At the bottom of the shield is a pomegranate representing Granada. The pomegranate ( Punica granatum) is a Fruit -bearing Deciduous Shrub or small Tree growing to between five and eight metres tall Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. Wrapped around the pillars is a red scroll with the motto 'Plus Ultra' written on it. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The motto translates to 'there is more beyond'.

The flag described on the Spanish Constitution, is the plain 'civil' variant without the coat of arms. The Constitution of Spain is regarded as the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. ^[4] .

Contents 1 Spanish flag legal frame 2 Flag protocol 3 Other flags 3.1 Royal Standard of Spain 4 Historical Flags 4.1 Cross of Burgundy 4.2 Habsburg Spain 4.3 Philip V and the new Bourbon dynasty 4.4 The origins of the present ensign: Charles III 4.5 The First Spanish Republic 4.6 The Second Spanish Republic 4.7 The Franco years 4.8 Post Franco Interim period 5 Trivia 6 See also 7 Notes 8 External links

Spanish flag legal frame

• Constitution of Spain 1978, defining the national flag. The Constitution of Spain is regarded as the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy.

• Act 39/1981, regulating the use of the flag^[1].

• Royal Decree 441/1981, establishing the detailed technical specifications of the colours of the flag.

La bandera de España está formada por tres franjas horizontales, roja, amarilla y roja, siendo la amarilla de doble anchura que cada una de las rojas. Artículo 4 1 de la constitución española de 1978

Translation: The flag of Spain consists of three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow strip being twice as wide as each red stripe. Article 4. 1 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978

The colours of the flag, as officially defined by the Spanish Royal Decree 441/1981 of February 27th^[5], are:

Scheme	Red	Yellow
CIELAB (H* in degrees, C*, L*)	35. A Lab color space is a color-opponent space with dimension L for lightness and a and b 0, 70. 0, 37. 0	85. 0, 95. 0, 80. 0
CIE (x, y, Y) (Illuminant C)	0. Established in 1913 and based in Vienna, Austria, the International Commission on Illumination (usually known as the CIE for its French name Commission 614, 0. 320, 9. 5	0. 488, 0. 469, 56. 7

Flag protocol

The flag can be flown vertically or horizontally from public buildings, private homes, businesses, ships, town squares, or during official ceremonies. While the flag should be flown from sunrise to sunset, government offices in Spain and abroad must fly the flag on a 24-hour basis (during the night, it must be properly lit). Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The flags must conform to the legal standards, and cannot be soiled or damaged in any way. ^[1]

For mourning activities, the flag can be flown in either of the following ways. Mourning is in the simplest sense synonymous with Grief over the Death of someone The first method, commonly known as half-staffing, is performed when the flag is hoisted to the top of the flagpole, then lowered to the pole's one-third position. Half-staff or half-mast describes a Flag flying approximately halfway up a flagpole or ship's mast (though anywhere from one-third to two-thirds of the way up is acceptable The other method is to attach a black ribbon to a flag that is permanently affixed to a staff. The ribbon itself is ten centimetres wide and it is attached to the mast so that the ends of the ribbon reach the bottom of the flag. A centimetre ( American spelling: centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one hundredth During the funeral ceremony, the flag may be used to cover the coffins of government officials, soldiers and persons designated by an act of the President; these flags are later folded and presented to the next of kin before internment^[1]. A funeral is a Ceremony marking a person's Death. Funerary customs comprise the complex of Beliefs and practices used by a Culture to remember

When flying the Spanish flag with other flags, the following is the correct order of precedence: The national flag, flags of foreign states, the flag of the European Union, international NGOs, military and government standards, Autonomous communities flags, city flags and any others. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. When foreign flags are used alongside the Spanish flag, the flags are sorted according to their countries' names in the Spanish language. The only exception is when the congress or meeting held in Spain dictates a different language to be used for sorting. The flag of Europe has been hoisted since Spain became a member of the Union. The Flag of Europe is the flag and emblem of the European Union (EU and Council of Europe (CoE While not mentioned by name in the law, the flag of NATO can be used in Spain, since it belongs to that organization as well^[1]. The Flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has a navy blue ( Pantone 280 field charged with a white Compass rose emblem from which

When unfurled in the presence of other flags, the national flag must not have smaller dimensions and must be situated in a prominent, honorable place, according to the relevant protocol^[1].

Other flags

The national standard used by the Spanish Armed Forces is the same one used as civil flag, state flag and national ensign. The Armed forces of Spain are known as the Spanish Armed Forces ( Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas Españolas)

The Spanish naval jack (Bandera de Proa o de Tajamar) is only hoisted at the prow of all Navy ships when docked or anchored in foreign waters, from sunrise to sunset. In national waters it is hoisted on Sundays, festivities and in presence of a foreign warship as soon as it moors at the dock. The national flag is always hoisted at the stern, when sailing, and from sunrise to sunset, when docked^[6]. It is a square flag (ratio 1:1) composed of 4 quarters^[7]:

• First quarter, for Castile: Gules, a tower Or, masoned sable and ajouré azure;
• Second quarter, for León: Argent, a lion rampant gules (differing from the one on the national flag) crowned, langued and armed or;
• Third quarter, for Aragon: Or, four pallets gules;
• Fourth quarter, for Navarre: Gules, a cross, saltire and orle of chains linked together Or, a centre point vert;

Royal Standard of Spain

See also: Royal Standard of Spain

Some high ranking officials of the Spanish state have the right to display a personal flag representative of their status. The Royal Standard of Spain ( Estandarte Real or Estandarte del Rey) is the official flag of the King of Spain. The King of Spain (Spanish: Rey de España) uses a flag known as the Royal Standard of a dark blue square with the Coat of arms of the King in the center. The blazoning of the Coat of arms of the King appears in Title II Rule 1 of Spanish Royal Decree 1511 of 21st January 1977 whereby the Rules for Flags Standards Guidons It is usually hoisted at the King's official residence, the Palacio de la Zarzuela, others Spanish royal sites, present on it's official car, as small flags and has a military use. The royal sites ( Spanish: reales sitios) are a set of Palaces monasteries, and Convents built for and under the patronage of the An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces

Historical Flags

While not existing still in the Middle Ages the concept of National flag as we understand it at today, the true symbol of the nationality was constituted on the Royal Shield. A national flag is a Flag that symbolises a country The flag is flown by the government but usually can be flown by Citizens of that country as well It was frequent the use of other different flags, full of images and symbols, that represented all the values that the troops or the King defended.

Cross of Burgundy

See also: Cross of Burgundy Flag

It is one of the most important flags in the history of Spain. The Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon The Cross of Burgundy Flag was used by Spain 1506-1701 as a naval Ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag and still appears on regimental colours badges The Cross of Burgundy Flag was used by Spain 1506-1701 as a naval Ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag and still appears on regimental colours badges After the marriage of Joanna of Castile (Joanna the Mad), daughter of the Catholic monarchs, with Archduke of Austria and later Philip I of Castile (Philip the Handsome), it was introduced among the Spanish flags a piece that, although of foreign origin, would later become the Hispanic symbol by antonomasia, whatever the color of cloth where it will be embroidered would be (mainly white and yellow). The Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon In Rhetoric, antonomasia is a substitution of any Epithet or phrase for a proper name such as "the little Corporal " for Napoleon I It is more properly called "Cruz de San Andrés" (Saint Andrew's Cross)or, "Vane of Burgundy". St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) This was the symbol of the Archduke. Since Emperor Charles I of Spain, the different armies used the flag with the Cross of Burgundy over different fields, first incorporated to the uniforms of the Archers of Burgundy and later to the rest of the army, painted on the dresses to distinguish themselves in combat. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) It soon appeared also on the flags that, up to present-day, wear the regiments of Spain.

Both, the Cross of Burgundy and the blazon of the Catholic Monarchs were the first European symbols to arrive to the New World. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia.

Habsburg Spain

When the House of Habsburg took the Spanish throne by mid 16th century each military company had its own flag in which appeared usually the arms of its commander over the Cross of Burgundy. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca ( 1485&ndash December 2, The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1516-1700 when this country was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty (also associated to The Cross of Burgundy Flag was used by Spain 1506-1701 as a naval Ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag and still appears on regimental colours badges In order to represent the King, they used to have another one, the "Coronela", that was made of yellow silk (one of the colors of the Habsburg) with the embroidered imperial shield.

When Phillip II came to power, he ordered that, in addition to the flags of each company, each Tercio should have another one of yellow color with the Cross of Burgundy in red. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 The Tercio (Also known as Tercio Español, literally " Spanish tercio " and from tercio meaning "one-third" The Cross of Burgundy Flag was used by Spain 1506-1701 as a naval Ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag and still appears on regimental colours badges The units of Cavalry took the same flags but of smaller size, called Banners. A banner is a Flag or other piece of cloth bearing a symbol logo slogan or other message

However, at this time the concept of a national flag as understood nowadays did not exist, and so the true symbol of the nationality was represented by the Royal arms. It was frequent the use of other flags different from the mentioned ones, with various images or symbols. Some examples are the Flag of Santiago (Saint James the Great), the green one the own Emperor took during the conquest of Tunisia or the crimson one used by Hernán Cortés in Mexico. For people and places called Saint James, see the Saint James disambiguation page Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca ( 1485&ndash December 2, The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America.

Philip V and the new Bourbon dynasty

The arms of Bourbon-Anjou were added in 1700 when Philip V became king of Spain. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Philip V of Spain ( December 19, 1683 - July 9, 1746) born Philippe de France, Fils de France and duc d'Anjou He introduced various changes in the royal arms. The current Coat of arms of Spain was approved by law in 1981 when the present established replaced the interim version which in turn replaced the official arms of Francoist The king's new arms were designed by the French heraldist Clairambault in November 1700. Philip V also changed the philosophy and the design of the flags of Spain. He was the first to give Spain a unified symbol of its own when putting on white fabric the Cross of Burgundy and a shield. The Cross of Burgundy Flag was used by Spain 1506-1701 as a naval Ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag and still appears on regimental colours badges It still was not a national flag, but a first "try", in line with similar attempts in other European nations.

The flags were organized in three groups:

• Standard or Royal flag: it continued being of crimson color, with the royal arms embroidered, the Golden Fleece and the necklace of the Order of the Holy Spirit. The Order of the Golden Fleece (Orden del Toisón de Oro is an Order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy to celebrate his marriage

• Military flag: the color was reduced to white with the Cross of Burgundy and the Royal arms. The Cross of Burgundy Flag was used by Spain 1506-1701 as a naval Ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag and still appears on regimental colours badges

• Pavilion of the Navy: again white, with the Royal arms.

The origins of the present ensign: Charles III

In 1760 Charles III modified the shield of the Royal arms, suppressing the necklace of the Holy Spirit, maintained the Golden Fleece and added two new quarters, corresponding to the House of Farnese (six blue lilies on gold) and Medici (blue disc with three lilies of gold and five red discs, all on gold). The Order of the Golden Fleece (Orden del Toisón de Oro is an Order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy to celebrate his marriage For the town in Italy with the same name see Farnese (VT. The Farnese family was an influential family in Renaissance Italy.

The military flag or Coronela of Spanish regiments was, during the Bourbon years, the Cross of Burgundy with different additions in each military unit depending on their territorial origin, commander, etc. The Cross of Burgundy Flag was used by Spain 1506-1701 as a naval Ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag and still appears on regimental colours badges

When Charles III became King, he observed that most of the countries in Europe used pavilions in which predominated the white color, and, since they were frequently in war to each other, lamentable confusions took place in the sea, not being able to distinguish if the sighted ship were own or enemy until practically the last moment. for this reason, he ordered to its Minister of Navy to present several models of flags to him, having to be visible from great distances. The Minister selected twelve sketches which showed the king. Allegedly, the flag that was chosen as war ensign is the direct ancestor of the current flag (See flag #1). An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office It was a triband red-yellow-red, of which the yellow band was twice the width of the red bands, a unique feature that distinguished the Spanish tribanded flag from other tribanded European flags. The flag chosen as civil ensign or for Merchant Marine use (See Flag #2), meanwhile, consisted of five stripes of yellow-red-yellow-red-yellow, in proportions 1:1:2:1:1. The civil Ensign (also known as merchant flag or merchant ensign) is the National flag flown by civil ships (merchant ships and others to denote

The origin of the colors is a source of controversy. One of the popular theories is that this scheme is based on the heraldic schemes of the monarchs of Crown of Aragon. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Others claim it was Naples flag adopted by Carlos III. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Charles III ( January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was King of Spain 1700–88 (as Carlos III King of Naples and

The First Spanish Republic

The First Spanish Republic started with the abdication on February 10, 1873 of King Amadeo I, mostly as a consequence of the Hidalgo Affair, when he had been required by the radical government to sign a decree against the artillery officers. The First Spanish Republic started with the Abdication as King of Spain on February 10 1873, of Amadeo I, following the Hidalgo Abdication (from the Latin abdicatio, disowning renouncing from ab, away from and dicare, to declare to proclaim as not belonging to one Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Background Prince Amedeo of Savoy was born in Turin, Italy. He was the second son of Victor Emmanuel II (King of Piedmont, Savoy The next day, February 11, the republic was declared by a parliamentary majority made up of radicals, republicans and democrats. It lasted twenty-three months, between February 11, 1873 and December 29, 1874. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The First Republic had suppressed all the royal symbols of the shields, the crown and lily flowers, and although it was projected the adoption of a new tricolor, red, white and blue, this was finally not modified and the flag remained the same other than for the crown removal on top of the shield.

This period of the Republic lasted until Brigadier Martínez Campos pronounced for Alfonso in Sagunto on December 29, 1874, and the rest of the army refused to act against him. Arsenio Martínez Campos ( Segovia, Spain, December 14 1831 - Zarauz, Spain, September 23 1900 Sagunto ( Valencian Sagunt; Latin Saguntum) formerly Murviedro (Valencian Morvedre) is an ancient city in Eastern Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The government collapsed, leading to the end of the republic and the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy with the proclamation of Alfonso XII as king. The Restoration was the name given to the period that began in December 29 1874 after the First Spanish Republic ended with the restoration of The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.

The Second Spanish Republic

On April 14, 1931 the Monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Second Spanish Republic. Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. The Second Spanish Republic was the system of government in Spain between April 14 1931, when King Alfonso XIII left the country The regime change was symbolized by a new tricolor flag, red, yellow and indigo, instead of the previous red and yellow bicolor, considered, at the time, monarchist. Indigo is the Color on the Electromagnetic spectrum between about 420 and 450 nm in Wavelength, placing it between Blue and violet The purported aim of the new indigo strip was to represent Castile and Leon in the flag's colours, that was assuming that the existing red and yellow represented the territories of the former Crown of Aragon, something which has not been proved. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.

The Republican flag was officially adopted on April 27th, and officially given to the army on May 6th. Formed by three horizontal strips of the same width, red, yellow and indigo, with the shield adopted in 1868 by the provisional Government at the center (quarterly of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Navarre, Enté en point for Granada, stamped by a mural crown between the two Pillars of Hercules). In Hellenistic culture a mural crown identified the goddess Tyche, the embodiment of the fortune of a city familiar to Romans as Fortuna. The Pillars of Hercules was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. Another newness was the smaller dimensions of this flag in its military version, of 1m x 1m.

Despite the emphasis given to the new flag as a symbol of the new regime, it must be noted that the bi-color flag was not the monarchic one, as demonstrated in Royal Decrees. When talking about it, it was described as "national flag", while there was a separate Royal Banner privative to the monarch whose colour, at the time of Isabella II of Spain was, curiously, indigo^[8]. "Isabella II" redirects here For the Queen of Jerusalem also known as Isabella II see Yolande of Jerusalem.

As for the addition of the indigo to represent Castile in the national flag, it has been noted that the Castilian banner was not of indigo colour, but crimson^[9]. Crimson is a strong bright deep Red color combined with some Blue, resulting in a tiny degree of Purple. The existing confusion about the color of the Castilian banner was born in the XIX century, when one of the multiple clandestine societies that proliferated back then, took the name from "Comuneros" and adopted the color indigo like a symbol, without having any relation with the true Comuneros which, four centuries before, had hoisted the crimson banner in Villalar, Valladolid. ||-||} is an industrial city and it is a Municipality in north-central Spain, upon the Pisuerga River and within the Ribera del Duero wine-making region

The Franco years

The Spanish Civil War officially ended on 1 April 1939, when Francisco Franco announced the end of hostilities. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid The Republican regime had been defeated and Franco became the undisputed leader of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. He ruled Spain until his death on November 20, 1975. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

At the conclusion of the Spanish Civil War, and in spite of the army's reorganization, several sections of the army continued with their bi-color flags improvised in 1936, but since 1940 new ensigns began to be distributed, whose main newness consisted in that an eagle with new quarters was added to the shield, thus becoming the same one that the Catholic Monarchs adopted after the taking of Granada from the Moors. The Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent In 1938 the Pillars of Hercules were placed outside the wings. The Pillars of Hercules was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar.

On July 26, 1945 the commander's ensigns were suppressed by decree, and October, 11 a detailed regulation of flags was published, that fixed the model of the bi-color flag in use, but defining better its details, emphasizing a greater style of the Saint John's eagle, until then somewhat dumpy. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

Post Franco Interim period

From the death of Franco, in 1975, until 1977, the national flag continued with the 1945 regulation. On 21 January 1977 a new regulation was approved that differed from the previous one in the fact that the eagle had wings opened much more, ("pasmada" eagle), the Pillars of Hercules returned to be placed within the wings, and the tape with the motto UNA, GRANDE Y LIBRE (ONE, GREAT and FREE) moved from the neck of the eagle and was located over it. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The Pillars of Hercules was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. Not many flags with these coat were made. Finally, and after the restoration of the House of Bourbon in the Spanish Throne, in the person of King Juan Carlos I, the Spanish Constitution of 1978 was published, whose article 42 in its section 12, says: "the Flag of Spain is formed by three strips horizontal, red, yellow and red, being the yellow of double width that each of the red ones". The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Early life Juan Carlos was born in Rome, where his grandfather Alfonso XIII of Spain lived in exile after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic The Constitution of Spain is regarded as the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

The National flag of Spain finally received its present day coat in December 1981.

Trivia

• A flag oath called the 'jura de bandera' took place every year when Spanish youths ended their initial training phase of their military service. Any Spanish citizen could attend the ceremony and take part in the oath. Citizens are not otherwise sworn in to the flag.

• At some point during the 1990s an unofficial version of the Spanish flag sporting a Osborne's bull superimposed as some sort of "coat of arms" began appearing in football arenas. The Osborne's bull (in Spanish: Toro de Osborne) is a 14 meters high black silhouetted image of a bull in semi-profile and is regarded as the unofficial This usage has become increasingly popular and this flag is easily seen nowadays during sports events, football or others, which include a Spanish team, player or the Spanish national team itself.

• The flag of the Second Republic, with the indigo strip, is often seen in rallies organized by those closely associated to the Spanish Communists or Republicans such as anti-NATO demonstrations and other leftist causes. United Left ( Izquierda Unida) is a political coalition that was organized in 1986 during the mobilizations in Spain against NATO. The North Atlantic Treaty In this context, sporting this flag is often perceived, not only as expressing a Republican sentiment rejecting the Monarchy, but as a reaction against the Franco regime, because the Francoist regime recovered the design of the old Spanish flag by force in the civil war and with the democracy back the tricolor flag was not restored.

• A Spanish flag with a superimposed kicked football was used as the emblem of the 1982 FIFA World Cup. The 1982 FIFA World Cup, the 12th staging of the World Cup was held in Spain from June 13 to July 11.

• The yellow and red colours used on the "pecten" logo of Royal Dutch Shell are thought to relate to the colours of the flag of Spain as Shell built early service stations in the state of California which had strong connections with Spain. Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known simply as Shell, is a multinational oil company of Dutch and British origins California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. ^[10]

See also

• Coat of arms of Spain
• Royal Standard of Spain
• The 1920 flag of New Mexico is red and yellow in a reference to their Spanish past. The current Coat of arms of Spain was approved by law in 1981 when the present established replaced the interim version which in turn replaced the official arms of Francoist The Royal Standard of Spain ( Estandarte Real or Estandarte del Rey) is the official flag of the King of Spain. The Flag of New Mexico consists of a red sun symbol of the Zia on a field of yellow
• Cross of Burgundy Flag
• List of Spanish flags
• Osborne's bull

Notes

External links

• Spain at Flags of the World
• Flags of Spain (Spanish)
• Presidency of the Government - The Banner
• The Spanish Royal Decree 1511/1977PDF (3. For a list of flags see List of flags or Gallery of flags by design. 37 MiB) (Spanish)
• Presidency of the Government - The coat of arms.
• Spanish Authorities's Flags (Spanish)
• History of the flag of Spain (Spanish)

A mebibyte (a contraction of me ga bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, abbreviated MiB.

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