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| Name | Триколор Trikolor Tricolour |
| Use | National flag and civil ensign. flag of south africa This is an incomplete blue white red black green, saltire flag Nicknames. The design and description of Flags typically uses specialised flag terminology' with precise and technical meanings and is hence a form of Jargon. A national flag is a Flag that symbolises a country The flag is flown by the government but usually can be flown by Citizens of that country as well A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification The civil Ensign (also known as merchant flag or merchant ensign) is the National flag flown by civil ships (merchant ships and others to denote An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office  |
| Proportion | 2:3 |
| Adopted | December 11, 1993 (originally adopted on January 20, 1705) |
| Design | Rectangular tri-color with three equal-size horizontal bands: the upper one is white, the middle blue, and the lower red. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1705 ( MDCCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [1] |
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| Name | Андреевский флаг Andreyevsky flag St. flag of south africa This is an incomplete blue white red black green, saltire flag Nicknames. Andrew Flag |
| Use | Naval ensign. The design and description of Flags typically uses specialised flag terminology' with precise and technical meanings and is hence a form of Jargon. An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office  |
| Adopted | 1991 (originally adopted in 1712) |
| Design | White with a blue saltire. |
The flag of Russia is a tricolor of three equal horizontal fields, white on the top, blue in the middle and red on the bottom. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A tricolour or tricolor (three colours is a Flag or Banner more-or-less equally divided (horizontally vertically or less frequently diagonally White is a Color, the perception which is evoked by Light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive Cone cells in the Human eye Blue is a Colour, the Perception of which is evoked by Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength The flag was first used as an ensign for merchant and war ships and only became official in 1896. Rumored to be based on the Dutch tricolor, the flag continued to be used by the Russian Provisional Government even after the Tsar was toppled in the February Revolution and was not replaced until the October Revolution which established a Bolshevik government. The Flag of the Netherlands is a horizontal Tricolour of Red, White, and Blue. The Russian Provisional Government was formed in Petrograd in 1917 after the February Revolution and the Abdication Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. The February Revolution (Февральская революция in 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction From that time period, a red flag charged with communist symbols was favored over the tricolor. Red flags can signify a warning Martial law, defiance or Left-wing politics It was not until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 that the tricolor was brought back as the official flag of the new Russian Federation. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The modern era flag underwent a slight change in 1993 and has been official since 2000. The flag of Russia provided the Pan-Slavic colours of red, blue and white that appear in the flags of Slavic countries (including Slovakia, Slovenia, and Serbia). Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country
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History
There was no universally accepted flag for Russia until the middle of the 17th century. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The earliest mention of the flag occurs during the reign of Tsar Alexis I, in 1668, and is related to the construction of the first Russian naval ship Oryol (The Eagle, Russian: Орёл). Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (Алексей Михайлович ( March 9, 1629 (O Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages
According to one source, the choice of the colors may originate from the Dutch flag, and is related to the nationality of the ship's lead engineer Butler. The Flag of the Netherlands is a horizontal Tricolour of Red, White, and Blue. During the construction, he faced the need for the flag, and issued a request to the Boyar Duma, to ". A Duma (Ду́ма is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history . . ask His Tsarist Majesty as to which (as is the custom among other nations) flag shall be raised on the ship. " The official response merely indicated that, as such issue is as yet unprecedented, even though the land forces do use (apparently different) flags, the Tsar ordered that his (Butler's) opinion be sought about the matter, asking specifically as to the custom existing in his country. Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. The Netherlands had at the time already settled on its current flag, consisting of red, white and blue stripes, which Butler duly told the Tsar. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Flag of the Netherlands is a horizontal Tricolour of Red, White, and Blue.
This conversation apparently took notice, as the source proceeds to describe the materials bought "overseas" for the ship, and specifically mentions red, blue and white fabric. It is not at all certain, however, that the choice of the colours was affected by the Dutch flag. Another possibility is that the flag repeats the colour choice of the Coat of arms of Moscow; that emblem is alleged by at least one author (Prince Aleksandr Putyanin) to effectively be the first Russian flag. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The different theories about the colour origins of the Russian flag are discussed in more detail below.
A different account traces the origin of the Russian flag to Tsar Peter the Great's visits to Archangel in 1693 and 1694. Archangels are superior or higher-ranking Angels Archangels are found in a number of religious traditions including Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism Peter was keenly interested in shipbuilding in the European style, different from the barges ordinarily used in Russia at the time. In 1693, Peter had ordered a Dutch-built frigate from Amsterdam. In 1694 when it arrived, the Dutch red-white-and-blue banner flew from its stern. Peter decided to model Russia's naval flag after this banner by changing the sequence of colours. It eventually became the flag of the Russian empire. [2]
While differing in the circumstances, the two flag origin versions agree on the Dutch flag influence. However, there are historical reasons to doubt that the flag was chosen as late as Peter's reign. One of the strongest arguments against that comes from a German flag book of 1695 by Carel Allard, which is considered to be one of the world's first flag books. Printed only a year after Peter's trip to Western Europe, the book already describes three flags of a similar design noted as belonging to the either Tsar of Muscovy, or Muscovy itself. The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and One of the three flags shown is the tricolor with a double-headed eagle holding a shield in its hands, and wearing a golden crown over both of its heads. Another is the tricolor with a blue saltire over it, and the third consists of two white (top left and bottom right) and two red (top right and bottom left) squares, with a blue cross in the middle. [3]
The flag was used as naval and military ensign since at least as early as 1693, and was adopted as a merchant flag in 1705. The civil Ensign (also known as merchant flag or merchant ensign) is the National flag flown by civil ships (merchant ships and others to denote Year 1705 ( MDCCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a On May 7, 1883 it was authorized to be used on land. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common However, it did not become an official national flag (State Flag) until the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II in 1896.
Meaning and origin of the colors
While there are several theories as to the origin and reason for the choice of white, blue and red for the colors, none is currently accepted as universally correct. There is no official meaning assigned to the colors in Russian laws.
The three colors purportedly came from the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which depict Saint George wearing white (silver) armor, riding a white horse, wearing a blue cape and holding a blue shield, on a red field. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox According to another version, these three colors were associated with the robes of the Virgin Mary, the holy protectress of Russia. This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary
Yet another interpretation of the three colors is that the order that they are placed in reflected the Russian social system under the monarchy: white represents God, blue the Tsar and red the peasants. Another very common interpretation is the association of colors with the main parts of the Russian Empire: white thus represents Belarus ("White Russia"), blue Ukraine (or Malorossia, "Little Russia"), and red "Great Russia". Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Great Russia (Великороссия Velikorossiya) is an obsolete name formerly applied to the territories of "Russia proper" the land that formed the core
A different interpretation associates white with the bright future (where the colour itself is associated with brightness, while its placement at the top - with future); blue with clouded present, and red with bloody past.
In the Swedish-speaking part of Finland, the colours of the modern Russian flag, White, Blue and Red, are interpreted to describe the year of 1809, when Finland became a part of Russia, i. e. White - sv. Vit, Blue - sv. Blå and Red - sv. Röd -> Vi Blev Ryssar (We became Russians).
Flags of Russia in chronological order
 First Russian flag 1668 |
 Flag of the Tsardom of Russia 1699-1721 and Russian Empire 1721–1858 |
 Flag of the Russian Empire 1858–1883 |
Flag of the Russian Empire 1883–1917 |
 Flag of the Russian Empire "for private use" 1914–1917 |
 Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1918–1937 |
 Flag of the Russian SFSR 1954–1991; proportions 1:2 |
 Flag of the Russian Federation 1991–1993; proportions 1:2 |
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Flag of the Russian Federation 1993– |
Variant versions
A variant of the flag was authorized for private use by Tsar Nicholas II during World War I, adding the Romanov eagle on a yellow field in a canton in the top left-hand corner. The Tsardom of Rus' (Царство Русское was the official name for the Russian state between Ivan IV 's assumption of the title of Tsar (Emperor in 1547 The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The House of Romanov (Рома́нов rʌˈmanəf was the second and last imperial Dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917 The design and description of Flags typically uses specialised flag terminology' with precise and technical meanings and is hence a form of Jargon. This variant was never made official.
When the Bolsheviks took power in 1917, the tricolor design was discarded, and a definitive new flag of the Russian Republic (one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union) was introduced in 1954 (see flag of Russian SFSR), and this remained the republic's flag until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 All of the Soviet Republics' flags were created by introducing a small, but noticeable change, to the flag of the Soviet Union. The flag of the Soviet Union consisted of a plain Red flag, with a hammer crossed with a sickle (the Hammer and sickle) and a Red star in In this case, the change was an introduction of the left-hand blue band. The previous Soviet design was different (a plain red flag with different variants of the "RSFSR" abbreviation in the honor canton).
The original flag of 1883 (rather than the black-yellow-white colour combination) was re-adopted by Russia on August 22, 1991. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The readoption date is celebrated yearly as the national flag day.
The president of Russia uses a Presidential Standard (Russian: Штандарт Президента), which is officially defined as the tricolor with the Coat of Arms (at this case the two-headed eagle is depicted without the shield) in the middle. The President of Russia (Президент России or the President of the Russian Federation, Президент Российской Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages
See also
- List of Russian flags
- Coat of arms of Russian Federation
- Flag of the Russian SFSR
- Coat of arms of Moscow
References
- ^ President’s Order No. This is a list of flags used in Russia. National Flag Presidential Flag Military Flags Non-Military The Coat of Arms of Moscow depicts a horseman with a spear in his hand slaying a Basilisk and is often identified with Saint George and the Dragon 2126 of December 11, 1993.
- ^ Robert Massie, Peter the Great (New York: Ballantine Books), 1980
- ^ Russian flags
External links
- Official image of the Russian flag, on the official site of the Russian President.
- (Russian) Text of the constitutional law about the flag.
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