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The flag of Hong KongFlag ratio: 2:3
The flag of Hong Kong
Flag ratio: 2:3
This article contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese (

The flag of Hong Kong, or the Regional Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區區旗; simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国香港特别行政区区旗), features a stylised, white, five-petal Bauhinia blakeana flower in the centre of a red field. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Bauhinia blakeana ( is an Evergreen Tree, in the Genus Bauhinia, with large thick leaves and striking purplish red

The flag of Hong Kong was adopted on 16 February 1990. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) On 10 August 1996, it received formal approval from the Preparatory Committee, a group which advised the People's Republic of China (PRC) on Hong Kong's transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the PRC in 1997. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, often referred to as the Handover Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, often referred to as the Handover The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The flag was first officially hoisted on 1 July 1997, in the handover ceremony marking the transfer of sovereignty. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The handover ceremony of Hong Kong in 1997 officially marked the Transfer of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China The precise use of the flag is regulated by laws passed by the 58th executive meeting of the State Council held in Beijing. The State Council ( which is largely synonymous with the Central People's Government ( is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China [1] The design of the flag is enshrined in Hong Kong's Basic Law, the city's constitutional document,[2] and regulations regarding the use, prohibition of use, desecration, and manufacture of the flag are stated in the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance. The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, or simply Hong Kong Basic Law, serves as the Constitutional document Flag desecration is a term applied to various acts that intentionally deface a Flag, most often a National flag (though other flags can be defaced as well [3]

Contents

Design

Symbolism

The flag of Hong Kong flying beside the national PRC flag
The flag of Hong Kong flying beside the national PRC flag

The design of the flag carries cultural, political and regional meanings. The colour itself is significant; red is a festive colour for the Chinese people, used to convey a sense of celebration and nationalism. The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong [4] Moreover, the red colour is identical to that used in the national PRC flag,[5] chosen to signify the link re-established between post-colonial Hong Kong and China. The Flag of the People's Republic of China, the "Five-Starred Red Flag ( was designed by Zeng Liansong, an Economist and Artist China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The juxtaposition of red and white on the flag symbolises the one country two systems political principle applied to the region. " One country two systems " is an idea originally proposed by Deng Xiaoping during the early 1980s then Paramount Leader of the People's Republic The stylised rendering of the Bauhinia blakeana flower, a flower discovered in Hong Kong, is meant to serve as a harmonising symbol for this dichotomy. [4]

Construction

The front and the back of the Hong Kong flag look identical to each other, creating a mirror image effect. "Mirror Image" is an episode of the Television series The Twilight Zone. The Hong Kong government has specified sizes, colours, and manufacturing parameters in which the flag is to be made. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( see pronunciation; conventional short [5] The background of the rectangular flag is red, the same shade of red as that used for the national PRC flag. [5] The ratio of its length to breadth is 1. 5. In its centre is a five-petal stylised rendering of a white Bauhinia blakeana flower. If a circle circumscribes the flower, it should have a diameter 0. 6 times the entire height of the flag. The petals are uniformly spread around the centre point of the flag, radiating outward and pointing in a clockwise direction. Each of the flower's petals bears a five-pointed red star, a communist and socialist symbolism, with a red trace, suggestive of a flower stamen. The five-pointed red star, a Pentagram without the inner Pentagon, is a symbol of Communism as well as broader Socialism in general Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution The stamen ( Plural stamina or stamens, from Latin stamen meaning "thread of the warp " is the male The red trace makes each petal look as if it is being divided in half. The heading that is used to allow a flag to be slid or raised onto a pole is white. [5]


Construction sheet for the Hong Kong flag
Construction sheet for the Hong Kong flag


Size specifications

This table lists all the official sizes for the flag. Sizes deviating from this list are considered non-standard. If a flag is not of official size, it must be a scaled down or scaled up version of one of the official sizes. [5]

Size Length and width in centimetres
1 288 × 192
2 240 × 160
3 192 × 128
4 144 × 96
5 96 × 64
Car flag 30 × 20
Flag for signing ceremonies 21 × 14
Desktop flag 15 × 10

Colour specifications

The following are the approximate colours of the Hong Kong flag in different colour models. It is listed by web colours in hexadecimal notation, CMYK equivalents, dye colours, HSL equivalents, and Pantone equivalents. Web colors are Colors used in designing web pages and the methods for describing and specifying those colors In Mathematics and Computer science, hexadecimal (also base -, hexa, or hex) is a Numeral system with a CMYK (short for '''c'''yan, '''m'''agenta, '''y'''ellow, and k ey ( Black) and often referred to as process color HSL and HSV are two related representations of points in an RGB color space, which attempt to describe perceptual color relationships more accurately than Pantone Inc is a corporation headquartered in Carlstadt, New Jersey, USA

Colour HTML CMYK Textile colour HSL Pantone
Red #FF0000 0-87-99-0 Chinese red 0°,100%,50% 186
White #FFFFFF 0-0-0-0 White 0°,100%,100%

Manufacture regulated

The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance stipulates that the Hong Kong flag must be manufactured according to specifications laid out in the ordinance. If flags are not produced in design according to the ordinance, the Secretary for Justice may petition the District Court for an injunction to prohibit the person or company from manufacturing the flags. The Secretary for Justice ( is a member of the Hong Kong Government responsible for Prosecutions and legal matters The District Courts ( Chinese: 區域法院 地方法院 before 1997 are the lower court system in Hong Kong, have both criminal and If the District Court agrees that the flags are not in compliance, it may issue an injunction and order that the flags and the materials that were used to make the flags to be seized by the government. [6]

History

Historical flags

Colonial flag of Hong Kong, used from 1959 to 1997
Colonial flag of Hong Kong, used from 1959 to 1997

Prior to Hong Kong's transfer of sovereignty, the flag of Hong Kong was a colonial Blue Ensign flag. The Blue Ensign is a Flag, one of several British ensigns, used by certain organisations or territories associated with the United Kingdom. [7] The flag of colonial Hong Kong underwent several changes in the last one and a half centuries.

In 1843, a seal representing Hong Kong was instituted. In the History of law, a wax seal affixed to a Contract or other Legal instrument has had special legal significance at various times in the jurisdictions The design was based on a local waterfront scene; three local merchants with their commercial goods can be found on the foreground, a square-rigged ship and a junk occupy the middle ground, while the background consists of conical hills and clouds. In 1868, a Hong Kong flag was produced, a Blue Ensign flag with a badge based on this "local scene", but the design was rejected by Hong Kong Governor Richard Graves MacDonnell. The Governor of Hong Kong ( abbreviated 港督 was the head of the Hong Kong Government, ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell KCMG CB ( Chinese translated name 麥當奴 (3 September 1814 &ndash 5 February 1881 was an Anglo-Irish [8]

In 1870, a "white crown over HK" badge for the Blue Ensign flag was proposed by the Colonial Secretary. The Chief Secretary for Administration ( commonly known as Chief Secretary and abbreviated as CS, is the second highest position of the Hong Kong Government The letters "HK" were omitted and the crown became full-colour three years later. [8] It is unclear exactly what the badge looked like during that period of time, but it was unlikely to be the "local scene". It should have been a crown of some sort, which may, or may not, have had the letters "HK" below it. In 1876, the "local scene" badge was re-adopted to the Blue Ensign flag with the Admiralty's approval. The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. [7]

By 1955, the "local scene" badge in the Blue Ensign flag was revised. The new badge was similar to the 1876 badge, but had a slightly lower eye-line, and a more realistic mountain on the left-hand side. The mountain, the ship, and the junk were made more prominent and embossed. [7]

A coat of arms for Hong Kong was granted on 21 January 1959 by the College of Arms in London. The Emblem of Hong Kong, or the Regional Emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is the Emblem which represents Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The College of Arms, or Heralds' College, is an office regulating Heraldry and granting new Armorial bearings for England, Wales London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Hong Kong flag was revised in the same year to feature the coat of arms in the Blue Ensign flag. This design was used from 1959 until Hong Kong's transfer of sovereignty in 1997. [7]

Current design

Before Hong Kong's transfer of sovereignty, a contest was held amongst Hong Kong residents to help choose a flag for post-colonial Hong Kong. More than 7,000 designs were submitted for the contest and a panel of political figures were chosen as judges for the designs. Architect Tao Ho was chosen as one of the panel judges to pick Hong Kong's new flag. Tao Ho (何弢 is an architect from Hong Kong. Dr Ho was born in Shanghai. He recalled that some of the designs had been rather funny and with political twists: "One had a hammer and sickle on one side and a dollar sign on the other. The hammer and sickle is a part of Communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, Communist Party, or Communist state "[9] Six designs were chosen as finalists by the judges, but were all later rejected by the PRC. Ho and two others were then asked by the PRC to submit new proposals. [4]

Looking for inspiration, Ho wandered into a garden and picked up a Bauhinia blakeana flower. He observed the symmetry of the five petals, and how their winding pattern conveyed to him a dynamic feeling. This led him to incorporated the flower into the flag to represent Hong Kong. [4]

Proper flag protocol

The Hong Kong flag and the national PRC flag flown side-by-side at the patio of the Legislative Council Building
The Hong Kong flag and the national PRC flag flown side-by-side at the patio of the Legislative Council Building

The Hong Kong flag is flown daily from the Chief Executive's official residence, the Government House, the Hong Kong International Airport, and at all border crossings and points of entry into Hong Kong. The Legislative Council Building ( former 立法局大樓of Hong Kong, also called the Former Supreme Court Building (前最高法院大樓 was the home of The Chief Executive of Hong Kong ( is the head of Hong Kong Government and the principal representative of the Hong Kong. Government House ( formerly 督憲府/香港總督府/港督府 located on Government Hill in the Central District of Hong Kong Island, is Hong Kong International Airport is the main airport in Hong Kong. [10] At major government offices and buildings, such as the Office of the Chief Executive, the Executive Council, the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court, the Legislative Council, and the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices overseas, the flag is displayed during days when these offices are working. The Executive Council of Hong Kong ( ExCo,) is an organ in the Executive branch of the political structure of Hong Kong. The Court of Final Appeal ( is the court with the final adjudication power on the laws of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic For the High Court of Justice which was renamed in 1997 see Court of First Instance. The Legislative Council ( LegCo) is the Unicameral Legislature of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices ( HKETOs) ( Traditional Chinese: 香港經濟貿易辦事處 are the representations of the Hong Other government offices and buildings, such as hospitals, schools, departmental headquarters, sports grounds, and cultural venues should fly the flag on occasions such as the National Day of the PRC (1 October), the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (1 July), and New Year's Day. See also National Day of the Republic of China ( October 10) The National Day of the People's Republic of China ( is celebrated Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day is celebrated every 1 July in Hong Kong since 1997. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though [10] The flag should be raised at 8:00 a. m. and lowered at 6:00 p. m. The raising and lowering of the flag should be done slowly; it must reach the peak of the flag staff when it is raised, and it may not touch the ground when it is lowered. The flag may not be raised in severe weather conditions. [11] A Hong Kong flag that is either damaged, defaced, faded or substandard must not be displayed or used. [12]

Displayed together with the national flag

Whenever the national PRC flag is flown together with the regional Hong Kong flag, the national flag must be flown at the centre, above the regional flag, or otherwise in a more prominent position than that of the regional flag. The regional flag must be smaller in size than the national flag, and it must be displayed to the left of the national flag. When the flags are displayed inside a building, the left and right sides of a person looking at the flags, and with his or her back toward the wall, are used as reference points for the left and right sides of a flag. When the flags are displayed outside a building, the left and right sides of a person standing in front of the building and looking towards the front entrance are used as reference points for the left and right sides of a flag. The national flag should be raised before the regional flag is raised, and it should be lowered after the regional flag is lowered. [11]

Half-staff

The Hong Kong flag at half-staff
The Hong Kong flag at half-staff
At half staff for mourning victims killed in Sichuan Earthquake
At half staff for mourning victims killed in Sichuan Earthquake

The Hong Kong flag must be lowered to half-staff as a token of mourning when any of the following persons pass away:[13]

The flag may also be flown at half-staff when the Central People's Government advises the Chief Executive to do so, or when the Chief Executive considers it appropriate to do so, on occurrences of unfortunate events causing especially serious casualties, or when serious natural calamities have caused heavy casualties. [13] When raising a flag to be flown at half-staff, it should be first raised to the peak of the staff and then lowered to a point where the distance between the top of the flag and the peak of the staff is one third of the length of the staff. When lowering the flag from half-staff, it should be first raised to the peak of the staff before it is lowered. [11]

Prohibition of use and desecration

The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance states what manner of use of the Hong Kong flag is prohibited and that desecration of the flag is prohibited; it also states that it is a punishable offence for a person to use the flag in a prohibited manner or desecrate the flag. According to the ordinance, a flag may not be used in advertisements or trademarks,[14] and that "publicly and wilfully burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling" the flag is considered flag desecration. [15]

The ordinance also allows for the Chief Executive to make stipulations regarding the use of the flag. In stipulations made in 1997, the Chief Executive further specified that the use of the flag in "any trade, calling or profession, or the logo, seal or badge of any non-governmental organisation" is also prohibited unless prior permission was obtained. [16]

Leung Kwok-hung, a member of the Legislative Council (the legislative body of the Hong Kong government) and a prominent political activist in Hong Kong, was penalised for defiling the Hong Kong flag in 2001 (he was not a member of the Legislative Council at the time). Leung Kwok-hung (梁國雄 born 27 March 1956 also known by his Nickname Long Hair (zh 長毛 is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change He was placed on a good-behaviour bond for 12 months in the sum of HK$3,000 for dotting the flag with black marks while protesting against the handover anniversary and elections to choose the Election Committee, the electoral college which elects the Chief Executive, in Wan Chai, Admiralty and Central on 1 July and 9 July 2000. The Election Committee is an 800-member Electoral college in the politics of Hong Kong. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Wan Chai is a metropolitan area situated at the western part of the Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong, China Admiralty is the eastern extension of Central business district of the Central on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. Central (also Central District; Cantonese Choong Wan or Chung Wan) the Central business district of Hong Kong was commonly known as part of "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. [17]

Leung's case was the second convicted case of flag desecration in Hong Kong. The first case involved demonstrators Ng Kung Siu and Lee Kin Yun, who were found guilty of desecrating both the Hong Kong flag and the national PRC flag in a demonstration held in January 1998, for writing the word "Shame" on both flags. The case was finally decided in the Court of Final Appeal, the highest appellate court in Hong Kong, after an initial guilty verdict was overturned by the Court of Appeal. Court of Appeal, Court of Appeals, and Appellate Division redirect here for a list of specific courts using those titles see Court of Appeal The Court of Appeal deals with appeals on all civil and criminal cases from the Court of First Instance and the District Courts in [18]

See also

References

  1. ^ Hong Kong. The Emblem of Hong Kong, or the Regional Emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is the Emblem which represents The Regional flag of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( is light green with a lotus flower above the stylized CRW Flags (2007-06-23). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently
  2. ^ Basic Law Full Text. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
  3. ^ Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance. Bilingual Laws Information System (1997-07-01). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
  4. ^ a b c d 忆香港区旗区徽的诞生 (Reflecting on the Creation of the Hong Kong SAR Flag and Emblem) (Simplified Chinese). 中国图书出版网. Retrieved on 2007-08-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman
  5. ^ a b c d e CAP 2602, Schedule 1 - Specifications For The Regional Flag of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of The People's Republic of China. Bilingual Laws Information System (1997-07-01). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently
  6. ^ CAP 2602, Section 5 - Manufacture of regional flag and regional emblem regulated. Bilingual Laws Information System (1997-07-01). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
  7. ^ a b c d Colonial Hong Kong. CRW Flags (2006-01-07). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently
  8. ^ a b Colonial Hong Kong. AllStates Flag & Banner Company (2005-04-02). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
  9. ^ Andrea Hamilton. Bringing You The Handover: Meet some of the most important men and women working behind the scenes. Asiaweek. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
  10. ^ a b Stipulations For The Display and Use of The National Flag and National Emblem and The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem (PDF). Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the HKSAR. Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently
  11. ^ a b c Display of the Flags and Emblems. Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the HKSAR (2005-09-06). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently
  12. ^ CAP 2602, Section 4 - Damaged regional flag and regional emblem not to be used. Bilingual Laws Information System (1997-07-01). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently
  13. ^ a b CAP 2602, Schedule 4 - Conditions for Flying The Regional Flag at Half. Bilingual Laws Information System (1997-07-01). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently
  14. ^ CAP 2602, Section 6 - Prohibition on certain uses of the regional flag and regional emblem. Bilingual Laws Information System (1997-07-01). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
  15. ^ CAP 2602, Section 7 - Protection of the regional flag and regional emblem. Bilingual Laws Information System (1997-07-01). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
  16. ^ Stipulations for The Display and Use of The National Flag and National Emblem and The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem (PDF). Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the HKSAR (1997). Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
  17. ^ "'Long Hair' bound over after defiling SAR flags", South China Morning Post, 2001-02-24. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the  
  18. ^ Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal: Hong Kong SAR v. Ng Kung Siu, FACC No. 4 of 1999 (December 15, 1999). The American Society of International Law (December 1999). Retrieved on 2007-08-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.

External links

For a list of flags see List of flags or Gallery of flags by design.
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