The national flag of Benin was originally adopted in 1959. Benin (bə'nɪn officially the Republic of Benin, and also known as Benin Republic, is a country in Western Africa. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It was changed upon the accession of the Marxist regime in 1975, but upon the removal of the regime, the old design was reintroduced on August 1, 1990. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The colours are the traditional Pan-African colors: green symbolizes hope, yellow symbolizes wealth and red symbolizes courage. Pan-Africanism is a Sociopolitical World view, and Philosophy, as well as a movement which seeks to unify both Native Africans and those of Green is a Color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a Wavelength of roughly 520–570- nm. Hope is a Belief in a positive outcome related to events and Circumstances in one's life Yellow is the Color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M (long and medium wavelength Cone cells of the Retina about equally Wealth derives from the old English word "weal" which means "well-being Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength Gallantry redirects here Or see Gallant for other meanings Courage, also known as bravery, will, intrepidity