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Geirangerfjord, Norway
Geirangerfjord, Norway

A fjord or fiord (pronounced /fjɔːd/ or pronounced /fiːɔːd/) is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides, created in a valley carved by glacial activity. The Geirangerfjord ( Geirangerfjorden) is a Fjord in the Sunnmøre region located in the southernmost part of the county Møre og Romsdal Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional An inlet is a narrow body of water between islands or leading inland from a larger body of water often leading to an enclosed body of water such as a sound, bay, "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period.

Contents

Formation

Further information: Ice sheet dynamics#erosion

The seeds of a fjord are laid when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley through abrasion of the surrounding bedrock by the sediment it carries. Ice sheet dynamics describe the motion within large bodies of ice, such those currently on Greenland and Antarctica. "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is Abrasion is mechanical scraping of a rock surface by Friction between rocks and moving particles during their transport in Wind, Glacier, Waves Bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet usually the Earth. Many such valleys were formed during the recent ice age. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets Glacial melting is also accompanied by a rebound in the earth's crust as the ice load is removed. In some cases this rebound may be faster than the sea level rise. Most fjords are, however, deeper than the adjacent sea; Sognefjord, Norway, reaches as much as 1,300 m (4,265 ft) below sea level. The Sognefjord ( Sognefjorden) is the largest Fjord in Norway, and the second longest in the world after Scoresby Sund on Fjords generally have a sill or rise at their mouth caused by the previous glacier's terminal moraine, in many cases causing extreme currents and large saltwater rapids (along the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America (see skookumchuck). A terminal moraine, also called end moraine, is a Moraine that forms at the end of the Glacier called the snout The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America (the term refers to the land not the ocean Skookumchuck is a word in the Chinook Jargon that is in common use in British Columbia English and occurs in Pacific Northwest English. Saltstraumen in Norway is often described as the worlds strongest tidal current. Saltstraumen is a sound with a strong tidal current located in Nordland 30 km east of the city of Bodø, Norway. These characteristics distinguish fjords from rias (e. A ria is a Landform, often referred to as a drowned river valley. g. the Bay of Kotor), which are drowned valleys flooded by the rising sea. History The nearby hamlet of Risan was a thriving Illyrian city called Rhizon as early as 229 BC and gave its name to the bay then known as Rhizonicus

Fjord features and variations

Coral reefs

As late as 2000, some of the world's largest coral reefs were discovered along the bottoms of the Norwegian fjords. These reefs were found in fjords all the way from the north of Norway to the south. The marine life on the reefs is believed to be one of the most important reasons why the Norwegian coastline is such a generous fishing ground. Since this discovery is fairly new, little research has yet been done. So far, only the deep sea diver who discovered the first reef at 60 meters has visited it, and even he has only been down three times. The reefs are host to thousands of lifeforms such as plankton, coral, anemones, fish, several species of sharks, and many more one would expect to find on a reef. Sea anemones are a group of water dwelling predatory animals of the order Actiniaria; they are named after the Anemone, a terrestrial Flower However most are specially adapted to life under the greater pressure of the water column above it, and the total darkness of the deep sea. A water column is a conceptual column of water from surface to bottom sediments

New Zealand's fiords are also host to deep sea corals, but a surface layer of dark fresh water allows these corals to grow in much shallower water than usual. An underwater observatory in Milford Sound allows tourists to view them without diving. Milford Sound ( Piopiotahi in Māori) is a Fiord in the south west of New Zealand 's South Island, within Fiordland

Skerries

In some places near the seaward margins of areas with fjords, the ice-scoured channels are so numerous and varied in direction that the rocky coast is divided into thousands of island blocks, some large & mountainous while others a merely rocky points or rock reefs, menacing navigation. In nautical terminology a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water (six fathoms or less at low water These are called skerries. Skerry (disambiguation A skerry is a small rocky island usually defined to be too small for habitation The term skerry is derived from the old Norse sker, which means a rock in the sea. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age

Skerries are most commonly formed at the outlet of fjords where submerged glacially formed valleys at right angles with the coast join with other cross valleys in a complex array. The island fringe of Norway is such a group of skerries (called a skjærgård); many of the cross fjords are so arranged that they parallel the coast and provide a protected channel behind an almost unbroken succession of mountainous islands and skerries. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional By this channel one can travel through a protected passage almost the entire 1,601. 03 km route from Stavanger to North Cape, Norway. is a city and municipality in the county of Rogaland, Norway. The Blindleia is a skerry-protected waterway that starts near Kristiansand in southern Norway, and continues past Lillesand. Blindleia is an inland waterway that starts in Gamle Hellesund in Høvåg near Kristiansand in southern Norway, and continues past Lillesand (formerly "Christianssand" is a city and municipality, and the capital of the county of Vest-Agder, Norway and of the geographical Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional is a town and municipality in the county of Aust-Agder, Norway. The Swedish coast along Bohuslän is likewise skerry guarded. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish situated on the west coast of the country The Inside Passage provides a similar route from Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia to Skagway, Alaska. Inside Passage of the Alaska Panhandle and coastal British Columbia is a coastal route for oceangoing vessels along a series of passages between the mainland and the Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Skagway (ˈskægweɪ is a first-class borough in Alaska, on the Alaska Panhandle. Yet another such skerry protected passage extends from the Straits of Magellan north for 800 km. The Straits of Magellan (rarely referred to as the Magellanic Straits) comprise a navigable sea route immediately south of mainland Chile and north of Isla Grande

False fjords

The differences in usage between the English and the Scandinavian languages have contributed to confusion in the use of the term fjord. Bodies of water which are clearly fjords in Scandinavian languages are not considered fjords in English; similarly bodies of water which would clearly not be fjords in the Scandinavian sense have been named or suggested to be fjords. Examples of this confused usage follow.

The Gulf of Kotor in Montenegro has been suggested by some to be a fjord, but is in fact a drowned river canyon or ria. History The nearby hamlet of Risan was a thriving Illyrian city called Rhizon as early as 229 BC and gave its name to the bay then known as Rhizonicus Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! A ria is a Landform, often referred to as a drowned river valley. Similarly the Lim bay in Istria, Croatia, is sometimes called "Lim fjord" although it is not actually a fjord carved by glacial erosion but instead a ria dug by the river Pazinčica. This article is about a geographical region bordering the Adriatic Sea Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Croats call it Limski kanal which does not transliterate precisely to the English equivalent either. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries

Limfjord in the north of Denmark is a fjord in the Scandinavian sense, but is not a fjord in the English sense. This is in Denmark. For the sea inlet in Croatia, see Lim (Croatia. In English it would be called a channel, since it separates the island of Vendsyssel-Thy from the rest of Jutland. Physical geography, a channel is the physical confine of a River, slough or ocean Strait consisting of a bed and banks The North Jutlandic Island This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland.

While the long fjord-like bays of the New England coast are sometimes referred to as "fiards", the only glacially-formed fjord-like feature in New England is Somes Sound in Maine. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Somes Sound is a body of water running deep into Mount Desert Island, the main site of Acadia National Park in Maine, United States.

The fjords in Finnmark (Norway), which are fjords in the Scandinavian sense of the term, are considered by some to be false fjords. or Finnmárku ( Sami language) is a county in the extreme northeast of Norway. Although glacially formed, most Finnmark fjords lack the classic hallmark steep-sided valleys of the more southerly Norwegian fjords since the glacial pack was deep enough to cover even the high grounds when they were formed.

In Mexico, the calanques - narrow, rocky inlets - on the western side of the city, where the famous cliff-divers perform daily, are dsecribed in the city's tourist literature as being fjords. A calanque (from the Corsican word of Preindoeuropean origin calanca (plural calanche) with meaning "inlet" Occitan

Freshwater fjords

Some Norwegian freshwater lakes which have formed in long glacially carved valleys with terminal moraines blocking the outlet follow the Norwegian naming convention; they are named fjords. Moraine refers to any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions such as those Outside of Norway, the three western arms of New Zealand's Lake Te Anau are named North Fiord, Middle Fiord and South Fiord. Lake Te Anau is in the south-western corner of the South Island of New Zealand. Another freshwater "fjord" in a larger lake is Baie Fine, located on the northeastern coast of Georgian Bay of Lake Huron in Ontario. Georgian Bay (French baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron, located in Ontario, Canada. Lake Huron, bounded on the west by the US state of Michigan, and on the east by the province of Ontario, Canada, is one of the five Great Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Western Brook Pond, in Newfoundland's Gros Morne National Park, is also often described as a fjord, but is actually a freshwater lake cut off from the sea, so is not a fjord in the English sense of the term. Such lakes are sometimes called "fjord lakes". Okanagan Lake was the first North American lake to be so described, in 1962. Okanagan Lake, also known as Lake Okanagan, is a large deep Lake in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [1] The bedrock there has been eroded up to 650 m below sea level, which is 2000 m below the surrounding regional topography—deeper than the Grand Canyon. The Grand Canyon [2] Fjord lakes are common on the inland lea of the Coast Mountains and Cascade Range; notable ones include Lake Chelan, Seton Lake, Chilko Lake, and Atlin Lake. The Coast Mountains are a Mountain range of the Pacific Cordillera, running along the north western shore of the North American continent extending south Lake Chelan ( is a narrow 50-mile-long Lake in Chelan County, northern Washington state U Seton Lake is a freshwater Fjord draining into the Fraser River at the town of Lillooet British Columbia, about 22 km long and 243 m in elevation and 26 Chilko Lake is a 180 km² Lake in west-central British Columbia, at the head of the Chilko River on the Chilcotin Plateau. Atlin Lake is a Lake in northwestern British Columbia and is that province's largest natural lake Kootenay Lake and others in the basin of the Columbia River are also fjord-like in nature, and created by glaciation in the same way. Kootenay Lake is a Canadian Lake located between the Selkirk and Purcell Mountain ranges in the Kootenay region of The Columbia River (known as Along the British Columbia Coast, a notable fjord-lake is Owikeno Lake, which is a freshwater extension of Rivers Inlet. The British Columbia Coast is Canada 's western continental coastlines Owikeno Lake, also; Owekeeno Lake, Owekano Lake, Oweekayno Lake and other spellings (pron Rivers Inlet is a Fjord in the Central Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, its entrance from the Dean Channel Another area notable for fjord lakes is northern Italy and southern Switzerland - Lago di Como and its neighbours. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Lake Como ( Lago di Como in Italian, also known as Lario; Lach de Comm in Insubric; Latin: Larius Lacus) is a

Etymology

Important fjords and lakes in Norway. Note: The part of the map showing the northern fjords has a smaller scale.
Important fjords and lakes in Norway. Note: The part of the map showing the northern fjords has a smaller scale.

With Indo European origin (*prtús from *por- or *per) in the verb fara (travelling/ferrying), the Norse noun substantive fjǫrðr means a "Lake-like" waterbody used for passage and ferrying. For English usage of verbs see the wiki article English verbs. The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the A body of water is any significant accumulation of Water, usually covering the Earth or another planet

The Scandinavian fjord, Proto-Scandinavian *ferþuz, is the origin for similar European words: Icelandic fjörður, Swedish fjärd (for Baltic waterbodies), Scottish firth. The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages The Danish use fjord for any small bay or lagoon in their country. The Germans call the narrow long bays of Schleswig-Holstein Förde but the Norwegian bays Fjord. Perhaps the word is also related to English ford (which is in German Furt), Greek poros, Latin portus and the Dutch word voorde (for mud-flat, cf. Vilvoorde).

As a loanword from Norwegian, it is one of the few words in the English language to start with the digraph fj. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language A digraph, bigraph, or digram is a pair of characters used to write one Phoneme (distinct sound or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond

Scandinavian usage

Use of the word fjord (including the eastern Scandinavian form fjärd) is more general in the Scandinavian languages than in English. The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages In Scandinavia, fjord is used for a narrow inlet of the sea in Norway, Denmark and western Sweden, but this is not its only application. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe In Norway, the usage is closest to the Old Norse, with fjord used for both a firth and for a long, narrow inlet. In eastern Norway, the term is also applied to long narrow freshwater lakes (for instance Mjøsa [commonly referred to as fjorden], Randsfjorden and Tyrifjorden) and sometimes even to rivers (in local usage, for instance in Flå in Hallingdal, the Hallingdal river is referred to as fjorden). Mjøsa is Norway 's largest lake as well as the one of the deepest lakes in Norway and in Europe as a whole after Hornindalsvatnet. Randsfjorden is Norway 's fourth largest Lake with an area of 138 km² Tyrifjorden is Norway 's fifth largest lake with an area of 137 km² has a volume of 13 km³ is 295 meters deep at its deepest and lies 63 meters above sea level Flå is a municipality in the county of Buskerud, Norway Flå was separated from Nes January 1 1905 Hallingdal is a Valley and traditional district in Buskerud county in Norway. In east Sweden, the name fjärd is used in a synonymous manner for bays, bights and narrow inlets on the Swedish Baltic Sea coast, and in most Swedish lakes. In Geography, bight has two meanings A bight can be simply a bend or curve in any geographical feature&mdashusually a bend or curve in the line between land The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. This latter term is also used for bodies of water off the coast of Finland where Finland Swedish is spoken. Finland Swedish is a general term for the closely related cluster of Dialects of Swedish spoken in Finland by Swedish-speaking Finns as their In Danish, the word may even apply to shallow lagoons. A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or Brackish water separated from the deeper Sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral In modern Icelandic, fjörður is still used with the broader meaning of firth or inlet. In Finnish language, a word vuono is used although there is only one fjord in Finland. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside

The German use of the word Förde for long narrow bays on their Baltic Sea coastline, indicates a common Germanic origin of the word. The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. The landscape consists mainly of moraine heaps. The "Förden" and some "fjords" on the east side of Denmark are also of glacial origin. But while the glaciers digging "real" fjords moved from the mountains to the sea, in Denmark and Germany they were tongues of a huge glacier covering the bassin of which is now the Baltic Sea. See Förden and East Jutland Fjorde. On the eastern coast of the "Cimbrian Peninsula" consisting of Danish Jutland and German Schleswig-Holstein, there is a special type of narrow

Whereas fjordnames mostly describe bays (though not always geological fjords), straits in the same regions typically are named Sund, in Scandinavian languages as well as in German. A strait is a narrow navigable Channel of water that connects two larger navigable bodies of water The word is related to "to sunder" in the meaning of "to separate". So the use of Sound to name fjords in North America and New Zealand differs from the European meaning of that word.

The name of Wexford in Ireland is originally derived from Veisafjǫrðr ("inlet of the mud flats") in Old Norse, as used by the viking settlers — though the place does not have a fjord in the more narrow modern meaning. Wexford (derived from Old Norse Veisafjǫrðr (in some sources spelled "Waes Fiord" – veisa meaning "mudflat stagnant pool" Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas

Locations

Ofotfjord in Nordland, inside the Arctic circle, April 2003
Ofotfjord in Nordland, inside the Arctic circle, April 2003
Nærøyfjord, branch of Sognefjorden
Nærøyfjord, branch of Sognefjorden
Eyjafjörður in north Iceland, Akureyri can be seen to the far right
Eyjafjörður in north Iceland, Akureyri can be seen to the far right

The principal mountainous regions where fjords have formed are in the higher middle latitudes where, during the glacial period, many valley glaciers descended to the then-lower sea level. Ofotfjord ( Norwegian: Ofotfjorden, the suffix -en means " the " an inlet of the Norwegian sea, is Norway's 12th is a county in Norway, bordering Troms in the north Nord-Trøndelag in the south Norrbottens län in Sweden to the east Västerbottens The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. The Nærøyfjord ( Nærøyfjorden) is a Fjord in the municipality of Aurland in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. The Sognefjord ( Sognefjorden) is the largest Fjord in Norway, and the second longest in the world after Scoresby Sund on Akureyri ( is a town in the northern part of Iceland; it is the second largest urban area after Greater Reykjavík area but is the fourth The middle latitudes are between 33 degrees 33' 33" North and 66 degrees 33' 33" and 64 degrees 33' 33" South and 33 degrees 33' 33" South Latitude, or The fjords develop best in mountain ranges against which the prevailing westerly marine winds are orographically lifted over the mountainous regions, resulting in abundant snowfall to feed the glaciers. The Westerlies or the Prevailing Westerlies are the prevailing winds in the Middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees Latitude, blowing from Orographic lift occurs when an Air mass is forced from a low Elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain Hence coasts having the most pronounced fjords include the west coast of Europe, the west coast of North America from Puget Sound to Alaska, the west coast of New Zealand, and the west coast of South America. Other areas which have lower altitudes and less pronounced glaciers also have fjords or fjord-like features.

West coast of Europe

West coast of New Zealand

New Zealand's Milford Sound
New Zealand's Milford Sound

Northwest Coast of North America

West coast of South America

Other glaciated regions

The coastline of eastern Greenland, with its many fjords. At the bottom is the longest fjord in the world, Scoresby Sund.
The coastline of eastern Greenland, with its many fjords. Hood Canal is a Fjord off Puget Sound in the US state of Washington. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Zona Austral (English Austral Zone) is one of the five Natural regions into which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the At the bottom is the longest fjord in the world, Scoresby Sund. Scoresby Sund ( Kangertittivaq) is the longest Fjord in the world stretching for 350 km (217 miles and also one of the deepest (over 1500 m 4900 ft

Other regions have fjords, but many of these are less pronounced due to more limited exposure to westerly winds and less pronounced relief. Areas include:

Extreme fjords

Sognefjorden, Norway
Sognefjorden, Norway

The longest fjords in the world are:

  1. Scoresby Sund in Greenland - 350 km (220 mi)
  2. Sognefjord in Norway - 203 km (126 mi)
  3. Hardangerfjord in Norway - 179 km (111 mi)

Deep fjords include:

  1. Skelton Inlet in Antarctica - 1,933 m (6,342 ft)
  2. Sognefjord in Norway - ~1,308 m (4,291 ft) (the mountains then rise to up to 1,000 m)
  3. Messier Channel in Chile, South America - 1,288 m (4,226 ft)

Even deeper is the Vanderford Valley (2,287 m or 7,503 ft), carved by the Antarctica's Vanderford Glacier. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Killary Harbour / An Caoláire Rua is Ireland's only " Fjord " Leenaun ( Irish An Líonán - the filling pool sometimes Leenane, is a village in County Galway, Ireland. County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe is located on the West Coast of Ireland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Firth is the Lowland Scots word used to denote various coastal waters in Scotland. Scots ( The Scots leid) refers to Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland and Northern Cognates in Linguistics are words that have a common origin They may occur within a language such as shirt and skirt as two English words descended from A loch (usually Lough as a name element outside Scotland) is a body of Water which is either a Lake or A loch (usually Lough as a name element outside Scotland) is a body of Water which is either a Lake or "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve is a national park reserve located on the Labrador Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Bonne Bay (pronounced /'bɒni/ is a bay in Newfoundland, Canada. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk The Saguenay River (French rivière Saguenay) is a major River of Quebec, Canada. The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, also known as just the Arctic Archipelago, is an Archipelago north of the Canadian mainland in the Arctic Ellesmere Island is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Baffin Island (ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ Qikiqtaaluk, Île de Baffin Old Norse: Helluland) in the territory of Nunavut is the largest member Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Somes Sound is a body of water running deep into Mount Desert Island, the main site of Acadia National Park in Maine, United States. Acadia National Park preserves much of Mount Desert Island, and associated smaller islands off the Atlantic coast of Maine. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson Palisades (some portions are also referred to as Bergen Hill) are a line of steep The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. This is a list of Islands in the Arctic Ocean, classified by country The Kerguelen Islands (in French: commonly Îles Kerguelen or Archipel de Kerguelen but officially Archipel des Kerguelen or Archipel This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Antarctic Peninsula is the northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica, and almost the only part of that continent that extends outside the Antarctic Circle This is a List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands. Sub-Antarctic islands are Islands in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica north of the Antarctic The Sognefjord ( Sognefjorden) is the largest Fjord in Norway, and the second longest in the world after Scoresby Sund on Scoresby Sund ( Kangertittivaq) is the longest Fjord in the world stretching for 350 km (217 miles and also one of the deepest (over 1500 m 4900 ft The Sognefjord ( Sognefjorden) is the largest Fjord in Norway, and the second longest in the world after Scoresby Sund on With a length of 179 km (111 miles the Hardangerfjord in the county of Hordaland in Norway is the third largest Fjord in the world and the second The Skelton Inlet ( is an ice-filled Inlet at the terminus of the Skelton Glacier, along the western edge of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica The Sognefjord ( Sognefjorden) is the largest Fjord in Norway, and the second longest in the world after Scoresby Sund on Messier Channel is a channel located in Patagonia, Chile. It trends north-south between Wellington Island and other Pacific islands and the continent Vanderford Valley (Other English names Vanderford Strath Vanderford Submarine Valley Hungarian Vanderford-selfvölgy) ( is an Undersea valley, This undersea valley lies offshore, however, and so is not a fjord.

References

  1. ^ Nasmith, Hugh (1962), Late glacial history and surficial deposits of the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada: BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources 
  2. ^ Eyles, Nicholas; Mullins, Henry T. ; and Hine, Albert C. (1990). "Thick and fast: Sedimentation in a Pleistocene fiord lake of British Columbia, Canada". Geology 18 (11): 1153–1157. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1153:TAFSIA>2.3.CO;2. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  

See also

External links

In Geography a sound or seaway is a large sea or ocean Inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a Fjord Firth is the Lowland Scots word used to denote various coastal waters in Scotland.

Dictionary

fjord

-noun

  1. A long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs.
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