| fishing |
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| techniques |
| gathering |
| angling |
| lines |
| nets |
| traps |
| spears |
| trawling |
| other |
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There is an intricate link between various fishing techniques and knowledge about the fish and their behavior including migration, foraging and habitat (Keegan 1986). For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Gathering seafood by hand can be as easily as picking Shellfish or Kelp up off the Beach, or doing some digging for Clams or Crabs Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) Handlining is one of the oldest forms of Fishing and is still common A fishing net or fishnet is a net that is used for Fishing. Fishing nets are Meshes usually formed by Knotting a relatively thin thread A fish trap is a Trap used for fishing Fish traps resembling a Fishing weir or a Lobster trap. Spearfisherman redirects here For the former diving gear company see Spearfisherman (company. Trawling is a method of Fishing that involves pulling a large Fishing net through the water behind one or more boats A fishfinder is a type of fathometer, both being specialized types of Echo sounding systems a type of Active SONAR. Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. All fish traps and methods of catching fish are based on this intimate knowledge.
RC Fishing
Rc Fishing or " Fishing with a remote controlled boat" is a method of fishing using a remote controlled boat; the boat usually 1' to 3' long, runs on a small DC battery. A radio transmitter controls the RC boat. The fisherman connects the fishing line/bait to the boat; drives it; navigating the water by manipulating the remote controller. The concept,(technique) RC fishing is growing in popularity. The methods of RC fishing vary, from tying a piece of fishing line and bait to a RC boat, and driving,(retrieving) the hooked fish, with the RC boat. Another method is using an apparatus that attach's to the RC boat; the fisherman uses his fishing rod and attach's the fishing line to the apparatus, the apparatus is designed so that once the fish is hooked the line disconnects from the RC boat, and the fish is retrieved with the fishing rod.
Hand fishing
- See also: Gathering seafood by hand
It is possible to fish with minimal equipment by using only the hands. Gathering seafood by hand can be as easily as picking Shellfish or Kelp up off the Beach, or doing some digging for Clams or Crabs In the British Isles, the practice of catching trout by hand is known as trout tickling; it is an art mentioned several times in the plays of Shakespeare. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family Trout tickling is the art of rubbing the underbelly of a Trout using fingers William Shakespeare ( baptised
Trout binning is a method of fishing, possibly fictional, performed with a sledgehammer. Trout binning is a method of fishing possibly fictional described in the English Periodical "The Mirror of Literature Amusement and Instruction" (Vol A sledgehammer is a Tool consisting of a large flat head attached to a Lever (or handle [1]
Divers can catch lobsters by hand.
Pearl diving is the practice of hunting for oysters by free-diving to depths of up to 30 m. Pearl hunting or pearl diving refers to a now largely obsolete method of retrieving Pearls from Pearl oysters Freshwater pearl mussels and on The common name oyster is used for a number of different groups of Bivalve Mollusks most of which live in marine habitats or Brackish water.
Hand-line fishing is a technique requiring a fishing line with a weight and one or more lure-like hooks. Handlining is one of the oldest forms of Fishing and is still common
Noodling or Stump Fishing is a technique in which the fisher holds the bait in his or her hand and waits for a large catfish to attempt to eat it; when the fish bites, the fisher pulls his or her arm, along with the fish, from the water. For other meanings see Noodle (disambiguation. Noodling is a Southern US practice of Fishing for Catfish using It is practiced, mostly illegally, in the Southern and Midwestern U. S. [Requires Citation]
River Fishing for Trout
Understanding how moving water shapes the stream channel will improve your chances of finding trout. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family In most streams, the current creates a Riffle-Run-Pool pattern that repeats itself over and over. A deep pool may hold a big Brown trout, but Rainbows and smaller Browns are likely found in Runs. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family Riffles are where you will find small trout, called troutlet, during the day and larger trout crowding in during morning and evening feeding periods. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family
- Riffles have a fast current and shallow water. This gives way to a bottom of gravel, rubble or boulder. Riffles are morning and evening feeding areas. Trout usually spawn just above or below riffles, but may spawn right in them. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family
- Runs are deeper than riffles with a moderate current and are found between riffles and pools. The bottom is made up of small gravel or rubble. These hot spots hold trout almost anytime, if there is sufficient cover. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family
- Pools are smoother and look darker than the other areas of the stream. The deep, slow-moving water generally has a bottom of silt, sand, or small gravel. Pools make good midday resting spots for medium to large trout. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family
Spear and bow fishing
Spear fishing is an ancient method of fishing and may be conducted with an ordinary spear or a specialised variant such as an eel spear[3][4] or the trident. Spearfisherman redirects here For the former diving gear company see Spearfisherman (company. This is an article about a particle accelerator For uses of spear, see Spear or Spear (disambiguation. A trident (ˈtrаɪdənt also called a leister or gig, is a three- pronged Spear. A small trident type spear with a long handle is used in the American South and Midwest for "gigging" bullfrogs with a bright light at night, or for gigging carp and other fish in the shallows. The American Bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana) is an aquatic Frog, a member of the family Ranidae, or "true frogs" native to much of North Carp is a common name for various Freshwater Fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large
Traditional spear fishing is restricted to shallow waters, but the development of the speargun has made the method much more efficient. A speargun is a Gun designed to fire a Spear, usually underwater to catch fish With practice, divers are able to hold their breath for up to four minutes and sometimes longer; of course, a diver with underwater breathing equipment can dive for much longer periods. A scuba set is an independent breathing set that provides a scuba diver with the Breathing gas necessary to breathe underwater during Scuba diving.
Bow fishers use a bow and arrow to kill fish in shallow water from above. Bowhunting is the practice of taking game animals by Archery. A bow is a Weapon that projects arrows powered by the elasticity of the bow
Fishing nets
Modern nets are usually made of artificial polyamides like nylon, although nets of organic polyamides such as wool or silk thread were common until recently and are still used in certain areas. A polyamide is a Polymer containing Monomers of Amides joined by Peptide bonds They can occur both naturally examples being Proteins Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons
Dredging
There are types of dredges used for collecting scallops or oysters from the seabed. They tend to have the form of a scoop made of chain mesh called dredges and they are towed by a fishing boat. Scallop dredging is very destructive to the seabed, because the marine life is unable to survive the weight of the dredge. This is extremely detrimental to coral bed since they take centuries to rebuild themselves. Dredging could be compared to unmonitored forest clearing, where it can wipe out an ecosystem. Nowadays, this method of fishing is often replaced by mariculture or by scuba diving to collect the scallops.
Fishing lines
Fishing line is any cord made for fishing. A fishing line is a cord used or made for Fishing. Important parameters of a fishing line are its length material and weight (thicker sturdier lines are more visible to fish Important parameters of a fishing line are its length, material, and weight (thicker, sturdier lines are more visible to fish). Factors that may determine what line an angler chooses for a given fishing environment include breaking strength, knot strength, UV resistance, castability, limpness, stretch, abrasion resistance, and visibility. In Materials science, the strength of a material refers to the material's ability to resist an applied force
Kite fishing
Kite fishing is presumed to have been first invented in China. A kite is a flying tethered object that depends upon the tension of a tethering system China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National It was, and is, also used by the people of New Guinea and other Pacific Islands - either by cultural diffusion from China or independent invention. New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known The Pacific Ocean contains an estimated 20000 to 30000 Islands (the exact number has yet to be precisely determined
Kites can provide the boatless fishermen access to waters that would otherwise be available only to boats. Similarly, for boat owners, kites provide a way to fish in areas where it is not safe to navigate such as shallows or coral reefs where fish may be plentiful. Kites can also be used for trolling a lure through the water.
Suitable kites may be of very simple construction. Those of Tobi Island are a large leaf stiffened by the ribs of the fronds of the coconut palm. Tobi, or Hatohobei ( Tobian language) is the southernmost of Palau 's sixteen states, consisting of Tobi Island and uninhabited The fishing line may be made from coconut fibre and the lure made from spiders webs. [5]
Modern kitefishing is popular in New Zealand, where large delta kites of synthetic materials are used to fish from beaches[6], taking a line and hooks far out past the breakers. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Kite fishing is also emerging in Melbourne where sled kites are becoming popular, both off beaches and off boats and in freshwater areas. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The disabled community are increasingly using the kites for fishing as they allow mobility impaired people to cast the bait further out than they would otherwise be able to.
Ice fishing
Ice fishing is the practice of catching fish with lines and hooks through an opening in the ice on a frozen body of water. Ice fishing is the Activity of catching fish with lines and fish hooks or spears through an opening in the Ice on a frozen body of Water Ice fishing is the Activity of catching fish with lines and fish hooks or spears through an opening in the Ice on a frozen body of Water It is practised by hunter-gatherers such as the Inuit and by anglers in other cold or continental climates. A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting
Fish traps / Trap Nets
Traps are culturally almost universal and seem to have been independently invented many times. There are essentially two types of trap, a permanent or semi-permanent structure placed in a river or tidal area and pot-traps that are baited to attract prey and periodically lifted.
Indigenous Australians were, prior to European colonisation, most populous in Australia's better-watered areas such as the Murray-Darling river system of the south-east. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. The Murray-Darling Basin is 3375km long drains one-seventh of the Australian land mass and is currently by far the most significant agricultural area in Australia Here, where water levels fluctuate seasonally, indigenous people constructed ingenious stone fish traps. The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical [7] Unfortunately, most have been completely or partially destroyed. The largest and best known were the Brewarrina fish traps on the Barwon River at Brewarrina in New South Wales, which fortunately are at least partly preserved. [8] The Brewarinna fish traps caught huge numbers of migratory native fish as the Barwon River rose in flood and then fell. In southern Victoria, indigenous people created an elaborate systems of canals, some more than 2 km long. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways The purpose of these canals was the encouragement and catching of eels, a fish of short coastal rivers (as opposed to rivers of the Murray-Darling system). True eels ( Anguilliformes) are an order of Fish, which consists of four suborders 19 families 110 Genera and approximately 600 The eels were caught by a variety of traps including stone walls constructed across canals with a net placed across an opening in the wall. Traps at different levels in the marsh came into operation as the water level rose and fell. Somewhat similar stone wall traps were constructed by native American Pit River people in north-eastern California. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. The Pit River or Pitt River is a major river watershed draining Northeastern California into the State's Central Valley. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. [9]
A technique called dam fishing is used by the Baka pygmies. A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees The Baka, also known as Bebayaka, Bebayaga, Bibaya, or Babinga, are an Ethnic group inhabiting the southeastern Rain forests This involves the construction of a temporary dam resulting in a drop in the water levels downstream -- allowing fish to be easily collected. [10]
In medieval Europe, large fishing weir structures were constructed from wood posts and wattle fences. A fishing weir is an ancient type of Fish Trap that is traceable back to Roman times in the UK. 'V' shaped structures in rivers could be as long as 60 m and worked by directing fish towards fish traps or nets. Such fish traps were evidently controversial in medieval England. The Magna Carta includes a clause requiring that they be removed:
- All fish-weirs shall be removed from the Thames, the Medway, and throughout the whole of England, except on the sea coast. Magna Carta ( Latin for Great Charter, literally " Great Paper " also called Magna Carta Libertatum ( Great Charter of Freedoms [11]
Basket weir fish traps were widely used in ancient times. They are shown in medieval illustrations and surviving examples have been found. Basket weirs are about 2 m long and comprise two wicker cones, one inside the other -- easy to get into and hard to get out. [12]
The Wagenya people, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, build a huge system of wooden tripods across the river. Wagenya is the name of a place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and of the people living there situated in the northern part of Congo by the city of Kisangani The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to These tripods are anchored on the holes naturally carved in the rock by the water current. To these tripods are anchored large baskets, which are lowered in the rapids to "sieve" the waters for fish. It is a very selective fishing, as these baskets are quite big and only large size fish are trapped. Twice a day the adults Wagenya people pull out these baskets to check whether there are any fish caught; in which case somebody will dive into the river to fetch it.
In the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America, Fishermen submerse a long, visible mesh wall running perpendicular to the shoreline that guides fish (who instinctively swim towards deeper water when coming upon a large obstacle) into a maze that ends in a large mesh "pot", that can be raised up to the boat to haul the fish in. The Great Lakes region includes much of the Canadian province of Ontario and portions of eight U This method of fishing results in fish staying alive until the time they are hauled into the boat, versus being entangled and killed in a gill net. This method also allows for sportfish and other protected species to be released without harm.
Lobster and crab pots
Pot traps are typically used to catch crustaceans such as crabs, lobsters and crayfish. Structure of crustaceans As Arthropods crustaceans have a stiff Exoskeleton, which must be shed to allow the animal to grow ( Ecdysis or molting Crabs are decapod Crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (βραχύ / brachy Clawed lobsters compose a family ( Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine Crustaceans Lobsters are economically important as Crayfish, crawfish, crawdads, or crodgers are freshwater Crustaceans resembling small Lobsters to which they are closely Pot traps such as the lobster trap may be constructed in various shapes, each is a box designed with a convoluted entrance that makes entry much easier than exit. A lobster trap is a portable trap which traps Lobsters or Crayfish and is used in Lobster fishing. The pots are baited and lowered into the water and checked frequently. Similar traps are used in many areas to capture bait fish. Bait fish are small fish caught for use as bait to attract large predatory fish particularly Game fish.
Historically lobster pots were constructed with wood or metal. Today most traps are made from checkered wire and mesh. It is common for the trap to be weighted down with bricks. A bait bag is hung in the middle of the trap. In theory the lobster walks up the mesh and then falls into the wire trap. Bait varies from captain to captain but it is common to use herring. In commercial lobstering five to ten of these traps will be connected with line. A buoy marks each end of the string of pots. Two buoys are important to make retrieval easier and so captains don't set their traps over each other. Each buoy is painted differently so the various captains can identify their traps.
Trained animals
In China and Japan, the practice of cormorant fishing is thought to date back some 1300 years. Cormorant fishing is a traditional fishing method in which fishermen use trained Cormorants to fish in rivers Fishermen use the natural fish-hunting instincts of the cormorants to catch fish, but a metal ring placed round the bird's neck prevents large, valuable fish from being swallowed. The fish are instead collected by the fisherman. [13]
The people of Nauru used trained frigatebirds to fish on reefs. Nauru, officially the Republic of Nauru, is an Island nation in the Micronesian South Pacific. The Great Frigatebird ( Fregata minor) is a large dispersive Seabird in the Frigatebird family.
The practice of tethering a remora, a sucking fish, to a fishing line and using the remora to capture sea turtles probably originated in the Indian Ocean. Remoras or suckerfish are elongate brown Fish in order Perciformes and family Echeneidae. The earliest surviving records of the practice are Peter Martyr d'Anghera's 1511 accounts of the second voyage of Columbus to the New World (1494). [14] However, these accounts are probably apocryphal, and based on earlier, no longer extant accounts from the Indian Ocean region.
Dating from the 1500s in Portugal, Portuguese Water Dogs were used by fishermen to send messages between boats, to retrieve fish and articles from the water, and to guard the fishing boats. Labrador Retrievers have been used by fishermen to assist in bringing nets to shore; the dog would grab the floating corks on the ends of the nets and pull them to shore.
Toxins
Fish stupefying plants
Many hunter gatherer cultures use poisonous plants to stun fish so that they become easy to collect by hand. Many Hunter gatherer cultures use poisonous plants to stun fish so that they become easy to collect by hand A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting Some of these poisons paralyse the fish, others are thought to work by removing oxygen from the water. [15]
The process of documenting many fish-poisons and their use is ongoing, interest in these plant’s potential uses in medicine, agriculture, and industry is growing (Jeremy 2002).
Use of the herbal fish poisons in catching fishes from fresh water and sea documented from New Caledonia (Dahl 1985). For the former North American fur-trading district see New Caledonia (Canada, and for the Scottish colony in Panama see Darien scheme.
Tribal people using various plants for medicinal and various purposes (Rai et al. 2000; Singh et al. 1997; Lin 2005) extends the use notion for herbal fish stupefying plants. Use of the fish poisons is very old practice in the history of human kind. In 1212 AD King Frederick II prohibited the use of certain plant piscicides, and by the fifteenth century similar laws had been decreed in other European countries as well (Wilhelm 1974). A piscicide is a Chemical substance which is Poisonous to Fish. All over the globe, indigenous people use various fish poisons to kill the fishes, documented in America (Jeremy 2002) and among Tarahumara Indian (Gajdusek 1954). The Tarahumara are an indigenous people of northern Mexico, renowned for their long-distance running ability
3 Validation of fish stupefying plants Herbal fish stupefying agents are excellent means of fishing, which do not kill whole fish stock like chemical poisons. Many of the fish stupefying plants are being used since long time by local people are recently well tested by many workers and are found to have many important medicinal properties like Carreya arborea is well-tested plant used as analgesic (Ahmed et al. 2002) and anti diarrhoeal (Rahman et al. 2003). Some of the plants like C. collinus are a traditional poison used in the different part of the country (Sarathchandra and Balakrishnamurthy 1997, Thomas et al. 1991). Recent studies by Ragupathi et al. (1992) revealed that a toxic compound cleistanthin B (2 ng/ml) is reported from the C. collinus which might be responsible for its toxicity for fishes. In addition, in earlier studies by Islam et al. (2002), it was revealed that the stem bark extracts of Lannea coromandelica caused lyses of cell membrane followed by fragmentation of cellular materials. These studies scientifically confirmed the toxic property of these plants.
1 Korkat (Olax species)
Family – Olacaceae
Korkat is a climber with compound, dark green leaves and white color bark. UserPolbot. --> Olax is a genus of Plant in family Olacaceae. Olacaceae is a family of Flowering plants in the order Santalales. This is the most extensively used fish poison among Gond. In summer the leaves of this plant are dried and powdered, (Some time people use fresh leaves too). About 1 kg powder is mixed in 5 X 5 feet (1. 5 m) pond. This is generally used in the summer when water is confined to small, shallow ponds. Due to its mixing in water fishes becomes numb. Numb fishes are then collected by hand. It was observed that if numb fishes were immediately introduced into water they would become active. According to knowledgeable individuals, in order to get good results from the Korkat, environmental temperature should be high (Illustrated in plate 11. 1).
2 Nas - Tonda This is bush size herb with broad thin leaves. The bark of root is crushed and mixed in water. The plant is used only in monsoon season, as the root is juicy in this season. Unlike Korkat, it can work in running water also. 0. 5 kg bark is sufficient in 5 X 5 feet (1. 5 m) area (Illustrated in plate 11. 2).
3 Kummod Hir (Careya arborea Roxb. Careya arborea is a species under Lecythidaceae family It is known as Kumbhi in Hindi and Slow Match Tree in English ) Family: Lecythidaceae Botanical synonym: Careya coccinea sensu Alston Marathi Name: Kuba, Kumbha, Kumbia, Vakumbha Kummod is large sized deciduous tree with simple large obovate leaves, large fruit and dark gray bark. The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of Woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar Similar to Nastonda, bark of root is crushed and mixed in water. Due to its application, water becomes black. (Illustrated in plate 11. 3).
4 Masiyang Masiyang is a shrub with compound leaves, small size fruit and yellow flowers. Now a day, it is not found in Mendha forest so it is not in use. Fruits are crushed and mixed in the water.
5 Odcha Popti (Cleistanthus collinus Benth) Family - Euphorbiaceae Odcha (In Gondi) or Garadi (In Marathi) is medium sized tree mainly found around the village. The Spurge family ( Euphorbiaceae) is a large family of Flowering plants with 300 genera and around 7500 species Young, tender shoots (locally called as Popti) of Odcha is used for fish poisoning. The shoots are crushed in water on stone and paste is mixed in water. Apart from its use as fish stupefying agent in Mendha stem of this plant is extensively used for brushing teeth, leaves for storing grains and wood as fuel.
6 Kayyang In Mendha Kayyang is occasionally used for fish poisoning. Its fruits are crushed and mixed in water. It is rare in the Mendha forest.
7 Gopid (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt. )) Botanical synonym: Dialium coromandelicum Houtt. , Haberlia grandis Dennst. , Lannea grandis (Dennst. ), Odina wodier Roxb. Family: Anacardiaceae. Anacardiaceae (the cashew family) is a family of Flowering plants bearing Fruits that are Drupes and in some cases producing Marathi Name: Moi, Munidi, Shimat, Shimti. This is medium sized to large deciduous tree with spreading crown and stout branches. Leaves compound, bark whitish or gray and small, yellowish or purplish flowers. Flowers and fruits appear between February and June. Fruits (Red, compressed, reniform and 1-seeded) of this plant are crushed and mix in water. It is abundant in the Mendha forest. Its use is not very frequent.
8 Bese mati (Costus speciosus) (Koenig. Costus speciosus or crape ginger is possibly the best known cultivated species of the genus Costus. ) Sm. ) Botanical synonym: Banksia speciosa Koenig, Costus speciosus var. The Showy Banksia ( Banksia speciosa) is a species of large shrub or small tree in the Plant Genus Banksia. Costus speciosus or crape ginger is possibly the best known cultivated species of the genus Costus. nepalensis (Rose. ) Baker Family: Costaceae, Zingiberaceae Marathi Name: kemuka, penva, pinnga, pushkarmula Bese mati is an erect, succulent herb, up to 2. Costaceae or the Costus Family is a family of Pantropical Monocots. Zingiberaceae, or the Ginger family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial Herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous 7 m tall and with a tuberous rootstock. Leaves spirally arranged on stem, 15-30 cm long and 5. 7 to 7. 5 cm wide, oblong to oblanceolate, glabrous above and silky pubescent beneath, apex caudate-acuminate, base rounded. Glabrousness (from Latin glaber = bald hairless is the technical term for an anatomically abnormal lack of Hair or down. Flowers are large, white with a yellow center, borne in dense terminal spikes, bracts 2 to 3. 2 cm long, ovate, bright red to reddish-brown. Fruit is (capsule) ovoid, 2 cm in diameter, 3-halved, red when ripe; seeds are black, with a white aril. Tuberous rootstock is crushed and mixed in water for fish poisoning. Apart from its use as fish poison in Mendha tubers of Bese mati are consumed as nutritious delicacy after boiling.
9 Bora Bhaji Bora Bhaji is small herb with yellow colored flower. Whole green plant is crushed in water on stone and mixed in water. Numb fishes are collected by hand. Its use is not very frequent.
10 Irpi Dhep (Madhuca indica ( Koenig) Gmelin ) Botanical synonyms: Bassia latifolia Roxb. Madhuca longfolia, commonly known as mahwa or mahua, is an Indian tropical tree found largely in the central and north Indian plains and forests Madhuca longfolia, commonly known as mahwa or mahua, is an Indian tropical tree found largely in the central and north Indian plains and forests , Madhuca latifolia (Roxb. ) Macbride, Madhuca longifolia var. Madhuca longfolia, commonly known as mahwa or mahua, is an Indian tropical tree found largely in the central and north Indian plains and forests latifolia (Roxb. ) Chev. Family: Sapotaceae. Sapotaceae is a family of Flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. Marathi Name: mahwa, moh, Moho, mohwa. Irpi (Mahua) is a large sized tree. Seed yields edible oil. After the removal of the oil from seeds, remaining cake is used for fish poisoning. This cake is locally known as Gara-Dhep. The cake is boiled in water and mixture mixed in water. 0. 5 kg cake is sufficient for 10 X10 feet pond. It is very effective poison and fishes die due to its application.
11 Wengore (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Pterocarpus marsupium ( Indian Kino Tree, also known as the Malabar Kino Benga, Bijiayasal Nepal or Venkai) is a species of ) Botanical synonym: Lingoum marsupium (Roxb. ), Kuntze, Pterocarpus bilobus Roxb. Ex G. Don, Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Pterocarpus marsupium ( Indian Kino Tree, also known as the Malabar Kino Benga, Bijiayasal Nepal or Venkai) is a species of Forma biloba (G. Don) prain. Marathi Name: - asan, bibla, dhorbenla, dhorbiola. Family Name: Fabaceae Common Name: Indian Kino Tree, Malabar Kino Tree, Kino. Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of Flowering plants which is commonly known as the legume family, pea Wengore is a large size tree with simple leaves. Gray color bark is used for fish poisoning. Bark is crushed and mixed in water.
12 Beerum (Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Chloroxylon swietenia ( Ceylon Satinwood, East Indian Satinwood or Buruta) is a tropical Hardwood, the sole species in the genus ) Botanical synonym: Swietenia chloroxylon Roxb. Family: Rutaceae Marathi Name: bheria, billu, halda. Rutaceae, commonly known as the Rue or Citrus family is a family of Plants usually placed in the order Sapindales. Beerum is medium sized tree with compound leaves. Its use is occasional.
Cyanide fishing
Cyanides are used to capture live fish near coral reefs for the aquarium and seafood market. Cyanide fishing is an illegal form of Fishing (commonly known as Poaching) common in South East Asia, which usually uses the Chemical compound A cyanide is any Chemical compound that contains the cyano group (C≡N which consists of a Carbon Atom triple-bonded to a Coral reefs are Aragonite structures produced by living organisms found in marine waters with little to no nutrients in the water An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a Vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which Water -dwelling Plants For the Sydney railway station see Fish Market MLR station Sydney. This illegal fishing occurs mainly in or near the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Caribbean to supply the 2 million marine aquarium owners in the world. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Many fish caught in this fashion die either immediately or in shipping. Those that survive often die from shock or from massive digestive damage. The high concentrations of cyanide on reefs harvested in this fashion damages the coral polyps and has also resulted in cases of cyanide poisoning among local fishermen and their families. Corals are Marine organisms from the class Anthozoa and exist as small Sea anemone –like Polyps typically in colonies of many In Zoology, a polyp is one of two forms of individuals found in many species of Cnidarians The two are the polyp or hydroid and the medusa.
Explosives
Dynamite or blast fishing, is done easily and cheaply with dynamite or homemade bombs made from locally available materials. Blast fishing or dynamite fishing is the practice of using explosives to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection Dynamite is an explosive based on the explosive potential of Nitroglycerin, initially using Diatomaceous earth (kieselgur US Spelling kieselguhr An improvised explosive device ( IED) is a Bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional Military action Fish are killed by the shock from the blast and are then skimmed from the surface or collected from the bottom. The explosions indiscriminately kill large numbers of fish and other marine organisms in the vicinity and can damage or destroy the physical environment. Explosions are particularly harmful to coral reefs. [16] Blast fishing is also illegal in many waterways around the world.
Electrofishing
A relatively new fishing technique is electrofishing (electric fishing). Electrofishing uses electricity to stun Fish before they are caught Electrofishing is used primarily in freshwater by zoologists as a sampling technique. Typical uses include collecting fish for stream classification surveys such as Index of Biotic Integrity surveys, to capture brood stock for hatcheries, or to collect representative samples from fish populations for the estimation of population size and structure. For the third season episode of Star Trek Enterprise, see " Hatchery (Star Trek Enterprise " Most commonly, pulses of direct current (DC) are used to induce capture-prone behavior in fish. Direct current ( DC) is the unidirectional flow of Electric charge. For example, with the apparatus correctly tuned as to pulse speed, voltage gradient and current, fish will exhibit galvanotaxis; they turn into the electric field and swim toward the apparatus.
The effectiveness of electrofishing is influenced by a variety of biological, technical, logistical, and environmental factors. The catch is often selectively biased as to fish size and species composition. When using pulsed DC for fishing, the pulse rate and the intensity of the electric field strongly influence the size and nature of the catch. The conductivity of the water, which is determined by the concentration in the water of charge carriers (ions), influences the shape and extent of the electric field in the water and thus affects the field's ability to induce capture-prone behavior in the fish. Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an Electric current. An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge
Electrofishing systems can be powered by one or more batteries or by a generator and come in various sizes, from those that are mounted to a backpack to those mounted in large boats. In electronics a battery is a combination of two or more Electrochemical cells which store chemical Energy which can be converted into electrical energy In Electricity generation, an electrical generator is a device that converts Mechanical energy to Electrical energy, generally using Electromagnetic Systems are typically equipped with various safety devices including one or more dead man's switches and a tilt switch designed to disable the device if the unit is tipped beyond a certain limit by, for example, the operator becoming incapacitated or falling into the water. A dead man's switch (for other names see alternative names) as its name suggests is a switch that is automatically operated in case the Human operator becomes incapacitated A mercury switch (also known as a mercury tilt switch) is a Switch whose purpose is to allow or interrupt the flow of Electric current in an Electrical Rubber gloves and rubber boots must be worn to isolate the operator and to prevent electrocution. "Electrocute" redirects here For the band see Electrocute (band.
Traditional fishing instruments
Many of these are mainly made up of bamboo at Mendha and from synthetic material at Khursa. Following types of indigenous fishing instruments has been documented from both villages,
1. Dhiri 2. Kurjar 3. Dhundka 4. Garri (Hooks) 5. Dandoor 6. Zinka 7. Gappa 8. Joka (Deep, lift Net) 9. Kotra 10. Koturli 11. Tangad 12. Pandi 13. Ghan Bhor Ja 14. Motha Bhor Jar 15. Pelni 16. Zoruli 17. Atki (Gill net)
1 Dhiri Reported from Mendha, this is a rectangular trap of bamboo sticks (Locally called Kaduhu) interwoven by nylon threads (Initially instead of nylon threads fiber made up of Boyal tree were in use). This is a passive method of fishing. Virtually this trap operate on a ‘funnel’ or ‘maze’ principle, with fish passing easily through an entrance hole, but being confused by the blind endings within the trap and being unable to find their way out. The dimensions of box vary as per need, but standard size is 2. 5 feet (0. 76 m) to 5 feet (1. 5 m) long, 0. 5 to 1 foot (0. 30 m) wide and 1 to 1. 5 feet (0. 46 m) high. This structure has 2 to 3 doors on both sides. The entrances or doors are very specialized structures, work as one-way valves, due to this valve fish can enter inside but cannot escape. The diameter of the doors is 2. 5 cm wide, so that fish of this much of size can only be caught. Dhiri set in running water generally in night. The setting of the Dhiri is laborious work and needs about 1 hour time. This can only set in at least 0. 5 feet (0. 15 m) deep water (so that water level should be slightly above the door) with the help of rope, mud and branches of the trees. Fishes moving along with stream of water enters into the doors. About 1 kg to as much as 10 kg live fishes can be caught without any physical damage. Another morning or after 4 to 5 hours fishes can be collected from the upper hole. Interestingly some time water snakes are also caught in the Dhiri. (Illustrated in plate 9. 1)
2 Kurjar Reported from Mendha, this is active method of the fish trapping. Kurjar is a dome of Bamboo (Shape just like satellite antenna disc) made up of 12 bamboo sticks (Locally called Kurjar Guta) arranged in circle and tighten to each other with the help of rope. To these sticks, nylon mesh is tightly attached (Initially instead of nylon threads fiber made up of Boyal tree were in use). Mesh size measured 15 X 15 mm at lower wide end and 20 X 20 mm towards rear end. After assembly, circumference of the dome becomes 21. 5 feet (6. 6 m) and height becomes 130 cm. Its application is very interesting, during monsoon flood when the shoal of migrating fishes seen by knowledgeable individual, running from the bank into river Kurjar drop on migrating fishes. Fishes trapped under Kurjar collected by hand. Observation during its application reveals that it was not much effective; as it is very much time consuming compared with the low yield. To use Kurjar it is important to have knowledge about the migratory behavior of the fishes. (Illustrated in plate 9. 2)
3 Dhundka Dhundka is reported from Mendha. This is very simple structure exclusively made up of Bamboo. Dhundka, an earthen pot like structure has circumference of about 90 to 100 cm. One end of the pot has a rounded hole of 25 cm diameter. This circular hole attached with a pipe made from hollow stem of Gongum (Cochlospermum religiosum), Gopid (Lannea coromandelica) or bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea). The Gongal or Gopid used as the stem of these plants has smooth, slimy inner side (So that fish readily slip in side). This can be applied in small cascades with the help of pipe attached. Fishes along with falling water enters through pipe and falls into the Dhundka. Over night, about 1 kg of fish can be caught in the Dhundka. (Illustrated in plate 9. 3)
4 Garri (Hooks) Garri is popular among children. This is nothing but the popular baited hooks. The stick used made up of bamboo. Earthworms and or small dead fishes are used for bait. (Illustrated in plate 9. 4)
5 Zinka Reported from Mendha, this is bamboo mat as much as 15 feet (4. 6 m) long and 10. 5 feet (3. 2 m) wide, depending upon the length of available bamboo and width of stream. It is fixed against water current so that it should immerse half in water. Flowing with water, fishes jumps on the non-immersed part of Zinka and die due to asphyxia. This is generally used in the outlets of agriculture field. Very small size fishes were observed during catching. (Illustrated in plate 9. 5)
6 Dandoor Reported from Mendha, this is cylindrical structure made up of bamboo sticks. Just like Dhiri it has a one-way valve. This is similar in function with Dhiri. Large size fishes can be caught in the cylinder. (Illustrated in plate 9. 6)
7 Gappa Reported from Mendha, this is active method of catching fishes usually from the shallow pools. Women catch fishes with the help of this bamboo pot. This is circular pot made up of bamboo sticks. Originally, it is devised for the agriculture purpose, to collects grains etc. From a shallow pool, water is thrown out side (some time on the Zinka) along with water fishes thrown out and collected in Dooti (A small bamboo pot for fish collection (Dooty is Illustrated in plate 10. 7 and Gappa illustrated in plate 9. 7)
8 Joka (Deep, lift Net) Reported from Mendha, this is a very simple bamboo made structure used to catch fishes from the small, shallow pools and ponds just like Gappa. It is nothing but a deep or lift net. Two people lower this bamboo pot into water and periodically taken out of water with fishes. (Illustrated in plate 9. 8)
9 Kotra This gadget is used by Dhivar people of this area. This is a large net used in running water and after monsoon (September). A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months This net has two parts viz. a Pusa (Net proper) and Ghumla a bamboo made cylindrical structure. The net proper is made up of nylon threads. The net is 6 feet (1. 8 m) long and about 2 to 3 feet (0. 91 m) in circumference. One end of the Pusa is attached to Ghumla. Water current is confined to flow through Kotra. For its application the velocity of water current should be high otherwise the fishes can return and escape. Flowing fishes trap into the Kotra. (Illustrated in plate 9. 9)
10 Koturli This gadget is used by Dhivar people of this area. It is a type of the small sized gill net.
11 Tangad This gadget is used by Dhivar people of this area. This is just like gill net with dimensions measuring 100 feet (30 m) long and 10 feet (3. 0 m) wide. It is generally used to catch large size fishes in fish culture ponds. (Illustrated in plate 10. 1)
12 Pandi This gadget is used by Dhivar people of this area. It is just like gill net with dimensions measured 150 feet (46 m) long and 20 feet (6. 1 m) wide. This is generally used to catch large size fishes. (Illustrated in plate 10. 2)
13 Ghan Bhor Jar (Cast net small) Use of the cast net is very common practice among the Dhivar fisherman but it is not found among Gond, as it needs expertise to use and it is costly. Its circumference measured 840 cm and mesh size is 9X9 mm. (Illustrated in plate 10. 3)
14 Motha bhor jar (Cast net large) This gadget is used by Dhivar people of this area. This is large size cast net.
15 Pelni This gadget is used by Dhivar people of this area. This is a triangle of the three bamboo poles to which a fine mesh is attached. It is applied against flowing water and once shoal of flowing fishes enters inside, the net lifts and entered fishes are collected. (Illustrated in plate 10. 4)
16 Zoruli This gadget is used by Dhivar people of this area. This is a type of lift net and used to catch small sized fishes for household consumption.
17 Atki (Gill Net) This is passive method of the fishing and most popular among the Dhivar and not used at all by Gond tribal. This is gill net made up of synthetic fibers. Initially the cotton fibers were in use. The length, width and mesh size is highly variable and depends on what sized fishes to be caught and habitat of its application (If the habitat depth is more large size gill net used). Weaving of the gill net is skilled work and it is an important pastime of the Dhivar people (Illustrated in plate 10. 9 and plate 10. 5 and 10. 6)
Night fishing
This is a unique type of method mainly performed in the winter season. This method probably designed considering nocturnal foraging behaviors of the fishes. In this method, a light source is used to blind the fishes temporarily. The light source now a day includes a petromax, however initially a hollow bamboo pole filled with coal was in use. This method can only be effective in shallow, clear water in which fishes can easily observable from the top. The temporarily blind fishes hit by a sharp instrument or easily collected by hand. During fishing event, an experienced person holds petromax in the hand and point out fishes to other people and other people collect the fish.
Others
Some techniques are (bottom-) trawling, seining, driftnetting, handlining, longlining, gillnetting, dragging, tiling, and diving. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Bottom trawling is Trawling (towing a trawl, which is a Fishing net) along the sea floor Trawling is a method of Fishing that involves pulling a large Fishing net through the water behind one or more boats A fishing net or fishnet is a net that is used for Fishing. Fishing nets are Meshes usually formed by Knotting a relatively thin thread Drift netting is a Fishing technique where nets, called drift nets, are allowed to drift free in a sea or lake Handlining is one of the oldest forms of Fishing and is still common For other meanings of "longline" see Longline. Longline fishing is a commercial Fishing technique that uses hundreds or even Gillnetting is a common fishing method used by commercial fishermen of all the oceans and in some freshwater and estuary areas Scuba diving is swimming underwater, or taking part in another activity while using a Scuba set.
References
- ^ Trout binning in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 12, Issue 328, August 23, 1828, Project Gutenberg.
- ^ How to Read a River when Trout Fishing by Troutlet. com[1]
- ^ Image of an eel spear.
- ^ Spear fishing for eels.
- ^ KiteLines Fall 1977 (Vol. 1 No. 3) Articles on Kite Fishing.
- ^ Big Dropper Rigs
- ^ Jared Diamond: Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. Guns Germs and Steel The Fates of Human Societies is a 1997 book by Jared Diamond, professor of Geography and Physiology at UCLA page 310. W. W. Norton & Company, March 1997. ISBN 0-393-03891-2.
- ^ Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps.
- ^ Ajumawi Fish Traps.
- ^ Dam Fishing Fishing techniques of the Baka.
- ^ The Text of Magna Carta, see paragraph 33.
- ^ Shooting and Fishing the Trent, ancient fish traps.
- ^ Cormorant fishing: history and technique.
- ^ De Orbe Novo, Volume 1, The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera, Project Gutenberg.
- ^ Ethnozoology of the Tsou People: Fishing with poison.
- ^ Explosions In The Cretan Sea: The scourge of illegal fishing -- fishing with explosives.
Heda N. (2007):Some Studies on Ecology and Diversity of Fresh Water Fishes in the Two Rivers of Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra (India). A Thesis submitted to Sant Gadgebaba Amravati University, Maharashtra (India).
Further reading
- Schultz, Ken (1999). Fishing Encyclopedia: Worldwide Angling Guide. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0028620577.
- Gabriel, Otto; Andres von Brandt (2005). Fish Catching Methods of the World. Blackwell. ISBN 0852382804.
External links
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