fisheries
science
aquaculture
fish farming
fish types
habitats
shoaling
migration
sardine run
sustainablity
management
fishing quota
monitoring
kelp forests
krill fishery
shrimp fishery
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world
fishing
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For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing, see fishing. Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding Fisheries. Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms including Molluscs Crustaceans and aquatic plants Fish farming is the principal form of Aquaculture, while other methods may fall under Mariculture. This article is about demersal fish for more definitions see Whitefish. Littoral refers to the coast of an ocean or sea or to the banks of a river lake or estuary The SWARM Remote Weapon System (Stabilised Weapon And Reconnaissance Mount is a fully armored Remote weapon system designed and built by the Thales Group in Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis on time scales ranging from daily to annual and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers The Sardine Run occurs between May and July when millions of Sardines - or more specifically the Southern African pilchard Sardinops sagax - spawn in the cool waters The environmental effects of fishing can be divided into issues that involve the availability of fish to be caught such as Overfishing, Sustainable fisheries, and Fisheries management is today often referred to as a governmental system of management rules based on defined objectives and a mix of management means to implement the rules which is put Individual fishing quotas (popularly abbreviated to IFQ) are one kind of catch share a means by which many governments have tried to regulate fishing Monitoring control and surveillance (MCS, in the context of fisheries is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO of the United Nations as a broadening Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of Kelp. The Krill fishery is the commercial Fishery of Krill, small Shrimp -like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide A shrimp fishery is a Fishery directed toward harvesting either Shrimp or Prawns (Fisheries do not generally distinguish between the two For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish.

A salmon fishery with salmon spawning within the Becharof Wilderness in southern Alaska. Becharof Wilderness is a wilderness area in the US state of Alaska. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent

A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its value (commercial, recreational, subsistence). Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Commercial fishing, also known as industrial fishing, is the activity of capturing Fish and other Seafood for commercial Profit, mostly Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. Subsistence is the food necessary to sustain life The following is a list of subsistence techniques: Hunting and Gathering It can be saltwater or freshwater, wild or farmed. Seawater is Water from a Sea or Ocean. On average seawater in the world's oceans has a Salinity of about 3 Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants animals and other organisms A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock Examples are the salmon fishery of Alaska, the cod fishery off the Lofoten islands or the tuna fishery of the Eastern Pacific. Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, is a well-known Demersal food fish belonging to the family Gadidae. Lofoten is an Archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway. Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions

Most fisheries are marine, rather than freshwater; most marine fisheries are based near the coast. Seawater is Water from a Sea or Ocean. On average seawater in the world's oceans has a Salinity of about 3 The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. This is not only because harvesting from relatively shallow waters is easier than in the open ocean, but also because fish are much more abundant near the coastal shelf, due to coastal upwelling and the abundance of nutrients available there. The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense cooler and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface replacing the warmer A nutrient is food or chemicals that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment However, productive wild fisheries also exist in open oceans, particularly by seamounts, and inland in lakes and rivers. A seamount is a Mountain rising from the Ocean Seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface ( Sea level) and thus is not an Island

Most fisheries are wild fisheries, but increasingly fisheries are farmed. Fish farming is the principal form of Aquaculture, while other methods may fall under Mariculture. Farming can occur in coastal areas, such as with oyster farms,^[1] but more typically occur inland, in lakes, ponds, tanks and other enclosures.

There are fisheries worldwide for fish, mollusks and crustaceans, and by extension, aquatic plants such as kelp. Molluscs are animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. There are around 250000 extant Species within the phylum with an estimated 70000 Structure of crustaceans As Arthropods crustaceans have a stiff Exoskeleton, which must be shed to allow the animal to grow ( Ecdysis or molting Aquatic plants &mdash also called hydrophytic plants or hydrophytes &mdash are plants that have adapted to living in or on aquatic environments Kelp are large Seaweeds ( Algae) belonging to the Brown algae and classified in the order Laminariales However, a very small number of species support the majority of the world’s fisheries. Some of these species are herring, cod, anchovy, tuna, flounder, mullet, squid, shrimp, salmon, crab, lobster, oyster and scallops. Herring are small Oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Cod is the common name for the Genus Gadus of Fish, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety The anchovies are a family ( Engraulidae) of small common salt-water fish Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Flounder (rarely fluke) are Flatfish that live in ocean waters ie There are other meanings of the word Mullet. There are other fishes called 'mullets' notably the Red mullets ' Squid are marine Cephalopods of the order Teuthida, which comprises around 300 species True shrimp are swimming decapod Crustaceans classified in the Infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. Crabs are decapod Crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (βραχύ / brachy Clawed lobsters compose a family ( Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine Crustaceans Lobsters are economically important as The common name oyster is used for a number of different groups of Bivalve Mollusks most of which live in marine habitats or Brackish water. A scallop (ˈskɒləp or /ˈskæləp/ is a marine Bivalve Mollusk of the family Pectinidae. All except these last four provided a worldwide catch of well over a million tonnes in 1999, with herring and sardines together providing a harvest of over 22 million metric tons in 1999. The word million In standard English, the -lli- in million is pronounced with an l-sound followed by a This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. Herring are small Oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North For the hide and seek-like game see Hide and seek. Sardines, or pilchards, are a group of several types of small Oily Many other species as well are harvested in smaller numbers.

See also

• Ecosystem
• Fish farming
• Fisheries management
• Fisheries science
• Wild fisheries of the world
• Population dynamics of fisheries

References

External links

• FAO Fisheries Department and its SOFIA report
• The Fishery Resources Monitoring System (FIRMS)
• The International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET)
• Dynamic Changes in Marine Ecosystems: Fishing, Food Webs, and Future Options (2006), U.S. National Academy of Sciences
• UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project and its Fisheries Refugia Portal and National Reports on Fish Stocks and Habitats in the South China Sea