The First Synod of Tyre (335 c. A Copt ( Coptic: ouRemenkīmi enEkhristianos, literally Egyptian Christian) is a native Egyptian Christian. e. ) was a gathering of bishops called together by Emperor Constantine I for the primary purpose of evaluating charges brought against Athanasius, the Patriarch of Alexandria. A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church convened to decide an issue of doctrine administration or application Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine The bishop or Patriarch of Alexandria ( Egypt) is the highest-ranking bishop of Egypt and exists separately in both the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Byzantine
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Background
Athanasius was involved in the early Christian christological and trinitarian debates, and supported the position of the Council of Nicaea in opposition to that of Arius and his followers. Christology (from Christ and Greek grc -λογία -logia) is a field of study within Christian theology which is concerned with The First Council of Nicaea, held in Nicaea in Bithynia (present-day İznik in Turkey) convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine Arius ( AD ca 250 or 256 - 336 was a Christian priest from Alexandria Egypt in the early fourth century whose teachings now called Arianism Arianism is the theological teaching of Arius (c AD 250-336 who was ruled a heretic by the Christian church at the Council of Nicea.
In 328, Athanasius was elected as bishop or patriarch of Alexandria. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a Pater familias over an extended family Alexandria happened to be the city in which Arius was a priest. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities The situation was further complicated, as Athanasius had not yet reached the age of 30 - the minimum age for bishops in the church.
After Athanasius succeeded to the see of Alexandria, they had accused him of, among other things: immoral conduct, illegally taxing the Egyptian people, supporting rebels to the Imperial throne, and even murdering a bishop and keeping his severed hand for use in magical rites. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight More to the point, Constantine had decided that he wanted Athanasius to re-admit Arius to the church -- which he would not do. In 334 Athanasius was summoned before a synod in Caesarea, which he did not attend. Events By place Roman Empire The Goths protect the Roman Empire against an invasion by the Vandals in the region near the Caesarea Maritima (Greek παράλιος Καισάρεια called Caesarea Palaestina from 133 CE onwards was a city and Harbor built by Herod the Great
The Synod
While a group of bishops were en route to Jerusalem to dedicate a new church (the precursor to the Holy Sepulcher), Constantine requested that they gather in the city of Tyre to consider the case against Athanasius. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos Tyre ( Arabic صور Ṣūr, Phoenician Phoenician wawsvg|12px|ו]] Ṣur, Hebrew The Emperor also sent a letter to Athanasius, making clear that if he did not attend voluntarily, he would be brought to the Synod forcibly.
Eusebius of Caesarea presided over the assembly, and about 310 members attended. Athanasius appeared this time with forty-eight Egyptian bishops. The Synod condemned Athanasius, but he fled to Constantinople and confronted the Emperor personally. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS
Aftermath
At a hearing in the presence of the Emperor, Athanasius was cleared of all charges except one: threatening to cut off the grain supply to Constantinople from Egypt. This one charge was enough for the Emperor to exile Athanasius to Trier. Trier (Trèves Luxembourgish: Tréier; Augusta Treverorum is a City in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River.
Athanasius did not return from exile until the death of Constantine in 337.
The Arianism of the Synod of Tyre was ultimately overturned by the Council of Constantinople
References
- Socrates Scholasticus and Sozomen. Ecclesiastical Histories
- Westminster Dictionary of Church History. ed Jerald C. Brauer. Westminster Press: Philadelphia, 1971.
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia
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