A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. Active fire protection (AFP is an integral part of Fire protection. It is not designed for use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which reaches the ceiling, endangers the user (i. A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that bounds the upper limit of a room. e. no escape route), or otherwise requires the expertise of a fire department. A fire station (also called stationhouse) is a structure or other area set aside for storage of firefighting apparatus (i Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a handheld cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire. A pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a Pressure different from the ambient Pressure. A fire extinguisher is an Active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires often in emergency situations Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction.

Contents 1 Usage 2 History 3 Classification 3.1 Australia 3.2 United Kingdom 3.3 United States 4 Installation 5 Types of extinguishing agents 5.1 Dry Chemical (lyophobic colloid) 5.2 Foams (lyophilic colloid) 5.3 Water 5.3.1 Water Additives 5.4 Clean Agents 5.5 Class D 6 Maintenance 7 Fire extinguisher signs 7.1 Placement of fire extinguisher signs 7.2 Photo-luminescent fire extinguisher signs 8 References 9 External links

Usage

The typical steps for operating a stored pressure fire extinguisher (described by the acronym "PASS") are the following:

P - Pull the safety pin and test

A - Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, from a safe distance (*about 1 to 3 meters (4 to 10 feet) away)

S - Squeeze the handle

S - Sweep the extinguisher from side to side while aiming at the base of the fire

• The approximate starting distance varies by the size and type of the extinguisher. (ie. Water APW vs 1. 1 kg (2. 5 lb) Dry Chemical. )
  • If using a cartridge operated extinguisher you must push down on the cartridge puncturing lever to pressurize the extinguisher after pulling the pin.
  • CO₂ fire extinguishers usually have a horn-shaped nozzle. Do not touch this horn (or the pipe linking it to the extinguisher) when attempting to put out a fire - your hand may freeze to the extinguisher, unless it is equipped with what is called a Frost Horn.

There are various types of extinguishers, which are used for different types of fires; using the wrong type can worsen the fire hazard, so it is critical to match the extinguisher type to the situation.

Fire extinguishers are often misused to hold automatically closing fire doors open. This misuse moves the extinguishers from its desired location and will allow any smoke or fire to pass rapidly through the door opening. In many countries it is an offense to do so.

History

The first automatic fire extinguisher of which there is any record was patented in England in 1723 by Ambrose Godfrey, a celebrated chemist. It consisted of a cask of fire-extinguishing liquid containing a pewter chamber of gunpowder. This was connected with a system of fuses which were ignited, exploding the gunpowder and scattering the solution. This device was probably used to a limited extent, as Bradley's Weekly Messenger for November 7, 1729, refers to its efficiency in stopping a fire in London. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1729 ( MDCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The modern fire extinguisher was invented by British Captain George William Manby in 1818; it consisted of a copper vessel of 3 gallons (13. Captain George William Manby (born November 28, 1765 in Denver, Norfolk; died November 18, 1854 in Great Yarmouth A gallon is a measure of Volume. It is in current use in the United States and still has limited use in many other English-speaking countries 6 litres) of pearl ash (potassium carbonate) solution contained within compressed air. The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. Carbonate of potash redirects here For one of potassium carbonate's impure forms see Potash. Pneumatics, Pressurized gas to affect mechanical motion Pneumatic power is used in Industry, where it is common to have factory units plumbed for Compressed

The soda-acid extinguisher was invented in 1881 by Almon M. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Granger. His extinguisher used the reaction between sodium bicarbonate solution and sulfuric acid to expel pressurized water onto a fire. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. ^[1]

A vial was suspended in the cylinder containing concentrated sulfuric acid. Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. Depending on the type of extinguisher, the vial of acid could be broken in one of two ways. One used a plunger to break the acid vial, while the second released a lead bung that held the vial closed. Once the acid was mixed with the bicarbonate solution, carbon dioxide gas was expelled and thereby pressurize the water. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single The pressurized water was forced from the canister through a nozzle or short length of hose.

Around 1912 Pyrene invented the carbon tetrachloride (CTC) extinguisher, which expelled the liquid from a brass or chrome container by a handpump; it was usually of 1 imperial quart (1. Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (see Table is the Organic compound with the formula CCl4 Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties Chrome plating, often referred to simply as chrome, is a technique of Electroplating a thin layer of Chromium onto a Metal object The quart is an imperial and US customary unit of Volume equal to a quarter of a Gallon. 1 L) or 1 imperial pint (0. The pint is an English unit of Volume or capacity in the imperial system and United States customary units. 6 L) capacity but was also available in up to 2 imperial gallon (9 L) size. A further variety consisted of a glass bottle "bomb" filled with the liquid that was intended to be hurled at the base of a fire. The CTC vaporized and extinguished the flames by chemical reaction. The extinguisher was suitable for liquid and electrical fires, and was popular in motor vehicles for the next 60 years. In the 1940s, Germany invented the liquid chlorobromomethane (CBM) for use in aircraft. It was more effective and slightly less toxic than carbon tetrachloride and was used until 1969. Methyl Bromide was discovered as an extinguishing agent in the 1920s and was used extensively in Europe. It is a low-pressure gas that works by inhibiting the chain reaction of the fire and is the most toxic of the vaporizing liquids, used until the 1960s. The vapor and combustion by-products of all vaporizing liquids were highly toxic, and could cause death in confined spaces.

Classification

Internationally there are several accepted classification methods for hand-held fire extinguishers. Each classification is useful in fighting fires with a particular group of fuel.

Australia

Type	Pre-1997	Current	Class
Water	Solid red		A
Foam	Solid blue	Red with a blue band	A	B
Dry Chemical (Powder)	Red with a white band		A	B	C	E
Carbon dioxide	Red with a black band		A (limited)	B	C	E	F
Vapourising liquid (not halon)	Red with a yellow band		A	B	C	E
Halon	Solid yellow	—	A	B		E
Wet Chemical	Solid oatmeal	Red with an oatmeal band	A				F

In Australia, yellow (Halon) fire extinguishers are illegal to own or use on a fire, unless an essential use exemption has been granted. ^[2]

United Kingdom

According to the standard BS EN 3, fire extinguishers in the United Kingdom as all throughout Europe are red RAL 3000, and a band or circle of a second color covering at least 5% of the surface area of the extinguisher indicates the contents. RAL is a series of color matching systems used in Europe In colloquial speech RAL refers to the RAL CLASSIC system mainly used for varnish and powder coating Before 1997, the entire body of the fire extinguisher was color coded according to the type of extinguishing agent. A color code is a system for displaying information by using different Colors Reading a color code is often difficult or impossible for the color blind.

Type	Old Code	BS EN 3 Colour Code	Fire Class
Water	Signal Red	Signal Red	A
Foam	Cream	Red with a Cream panel above the operating instructions	A	B			sometimes E
Dry Powder	French Blue	Red with a Blue panel above the operating instructions	A	B	sometimes C		E
Carbon Dioxide CO2	Black	Red with a Black panel above the operating instructions		B			E
Wet Chemical	No F Class	Red with a Canary Yellow panel above the operating instructions	A					F
Class D Powder	French Blue	Red with a Blue panel above the operating instructions				D

The UK recognizes six fire classes. Ordinary combustibles "Ordinary combustible" fires are the most common type of fire and are designated "Class A" under both systems Class A fires involve organic solids such as paper and wood. Class B fires involve flammable liquids. Class C fires involve flammable gases. Class D fires involve metals, Class E fires involve live electrical items and Class F fires involve cooking fat and oil. Fire extinguishing capacity is rated by fire class using numbers and letters such as 13A, 55B. EN 3 does not recognize a separate E class - this is an additional feature requiring special testing (dielectric test per EN 3-7:2004) and NOT passing this test makes it compulsory to add a special label (pictogram) indicating the inability to isolate the user from a live electric source.

In the UK the use of Halon gas is now illegal except under certain situations. ^[3]

United States

There is no official standard in the United States for the color of fire extinguishers, though they are typically red, except for Class D extinguishers, which are usually yellow, and water, which usually silver, or white if water mist. Extinguishers are marked with pictograms depicting the types of fires that the extinguisher is approved to fight. In the past, extinguishers were marked with colored geometric symbols, and some extinguishers still use both symbols. No official pictogram exists for Class D extinguishers, though training manuals sometimes show a drill press with shavings burning underneath. A drill (from Dutch Drillen) is The types of fires and additional standards are described in NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA is a US organization (albeit with some international members charged with creating and maintaining minimum standards and requirements

Fire Class	Geometric Symbol	Pictogram	Intended Use
A	Green Triangle	Garbage can and wood pile burning	Ordinary solid combustibles
B	Red Square	Gasoline can with a burning puddle	Flammable liquids and gases
C	Blue Circle	Electric plug with a burning outlet	Energized electrical equipment
D	Yellow Pentagram	Burning Gear and Bearing	Combustible metals
K	Black Hexagon	Pan burning	Cooking oils

The Underwriters Laboratories rate fire extinguishing capacity in accordance with UL/ANSI 711: Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers. Ordinary combustibles "Ordinary combustible" fires are the most common type of fire and are designated "Class A" under both systems Underwriters Laboratories Inc (UL is a US non-profit privately owned and operated Product safety testing and certification organization The ratings are described using numbers preceding the class letter, such as 1-A:10-B:C. The number preceding the A multiplied by 1. 25 gives the equivalent extinguishing capability in gallons of water. The number preceding the B indicates the size of fire in square feet that an ordinary user should be able to extinguish. There is no additional rating for class C, as it only indicates that the extinguishing agent will not conduct electricity, and an extinguisher will never have a rating of just C.

• For additional US UL rating information see Fast Flow Extinguishers

Installation

Fire extinguishers are typically fitted in buildings at an easily-accessible location, such as against a wall in a high-traffic area. Commonly referred to as "Fast Flow" or "High Performance" extinguishers In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made A wall is a usually solid structure that defines and sometimes protects an area They are also often fitted to motor vehicles, watercraft, and aircraft - this is required by law in many jurisdictions, for identified classes of vehicles. A motor Vehicle is a Machine which incorporates a motor (sometimes known as an Engine) and which is used for Transportation A watercraft is a Vehicle, vessel or craft designed to move across (or through Water, including saltwater and freshwater for pleasure recreation physical Under NFPA 10 all commercial vehicles must carry at least one fire extinguisher (size/UL rating depending on type of vehicle and cargo (ie. fuel tankers typically must have a 9. 1 kg (20 lb). when most others can carry a 2. 3 kg (5 lb). ) The revised NFPA 10 created criteria on the placement of "Fast Flow Extinguishers" in locations such as those storing and transporting pressurized flammable liquids and pressurized flammable gas or areas with possibility of three dimensional class B hazards are required to have "fast flow" extinguishers as required by NFPA 5. Commonly referred to as "Fast Flow" or "High Performance" extinguishers 5. 1. 1.

Varying classes of competition vehicles require fire extinguishing systems, the simplest requirements being a 1A10BC handheld portable extinguisher mounted to the interior of the vehicle.

Types of extinguishing agents

Dry Chemical (lyophobic colloid)

Powder based agent that extinguishes by separating the four parts of the fire tetrahedron. The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a simple model from the science of firefighting, for understanding the ingredients necessary for most Fires It prevents the chemical reaction between heat, fuel and oxygen, thus extinguishing the fire.

• Monoammonium phosphate, also known as ABC Dry Chemical, used on class A, B, and C fires. Ammonium phosphate - Molecular Mass = 14912g/mol The normal Ammonium Phosphate, (NH43PO4 is obtained as a crystalline powder ABC or Multi-Purpose dry chemical is a dry chemical extinguishing agent It receives its class A rating from the agents ability to melt and flow at 177 °C (350 °F) to smother the fire. More corrosive than other dry chemical agents.
• Sodium bicarbonate, used on class B and C fires. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Interrupts the fire's chemical reaction.
• Potassium bicarbonate (aka Purple-K), used on class B and C fires. Potassium bicarbonate (also known as potassium hydrogen carbonate or potassium acid carbonate) is a colorless odorless slightly basic, salty substance About two times as effective on class B fires as sodium bicarbonate. The preferred dry chemical agent of the oil and gas industry. The only dry chemical agent certified for use in AR-FF by the NFPA.
• Potassium bicarbonate & Urea Complex (aka Monnex), used on Class B and C fires. More effective than all other powders due to its ability to decrepitate (where the powder breaks up into smaller particles) in the flame zone creating a larger surface area for free radical inhibition.

Foams (lyophilic colloid)

Applied to fuel fires as either an aspirated (mixed & expanded with air in a branch pipe) or non aspirated form to form a frothy blanket or seal over the fuel, preventing oxygen reaching it. Unlike powder, foam can be used to progressively extinguish fires without flashback

• AFFF (aqueous film forming foam), used on A and B fires and for vapor suppression. Fire Retardant Foam, or fire suppression foam, is a Foam used for fire suppression. The most common type in portable extinguishers. It contains flour tensides ^[4] which can be accumulated in human body.
• AR-AFFF (Alcohol-resistant aqueous film forming foams), used on fuel fires containing alcohol. Fire Retardant Foam, or fire suppression foam, is a Foam used for fire suppression. Forms a membrane between the fuel and the foam preventing the alcohol from breaking down the foam blanket.
• FFFP (film forming fluoroprotein) contains naturally occurring proteins from animal fats to create a foam blanket that is more heat resistant then the synthetic AFFF foams. Fire Retardant Foam, or fire suppression foam, is a Foam used for fire suppression.
• CAFS (compressed air foam system) Any APW style extinguisher that is charged with a foam solution and pressurized with compressed air. A Compressed Air Foam System for hand hose, abbreviated CAFS, is a system used in Firefighting to deliver Fire retardant foam for the purpose of extinguishing Generally used to extend a water supply in wildland operations. Used on class A fires and with very dry foam on class B for vapor suppression.
• Arctic Fire is a liquid fire extinguishing agent that emulsifies and cools heated materials quicker than water or ordinary foam. Arctic Fire-Freeze (also known as "AFF" double F is a brand of liquid fire extinguishing agent that emulsifies flammable liquids and cools super heated materials quicker It is used extensively in the steel industry. Effective on classes A, B, and D.
• FireAde, a foaming agent that emulsifies burning liquids and renders them non-flammable. It is able to cool heated material and surfaces similar to CAFS. Used on A and B (said to be effective on some class D hazards, although not recommended due to the fact that fireade still contains amounts of water which will react with some metal fires).

Water

Cools burning material

• APW (Air pressurized water) cools burning material by absorbing heat from burning material. Air pressurized water extinguishers or APW are types of Fire extinguishers that extinguish burning material by absorbing Heat. Effective on only Class A fires, but has the advantage of being cheap, harmless, and relatively easy to clean up.
• Water Mist uses a fine misting nozzle to break up a stream of deionized water to the point of not conducting electricity back to the operator. Class A and C rated. Used widely in Hospitals.

Water Additives

• Wet Chemical (potassium acetate) extinguishes the fire by forming a soapy foam blanket over the burning oil(saponification)and by cooling the oil below its ignition temperature. Potassium acetate ( C[[Hydrogen H3]] C[[Oxygen O]] O[[Potassium K]] is a Chemical compound. Generally class A and K (F in Europe) only.
• Wetting Agents Detergent based additives used to break the surface tension of water & improve penetration of Class A fires. Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the Surface tension of a liquid allowing easier spreading and lower the Interfacial tension between two liquids Enables a 3 litre water extinguisher to achieve the fire fighting capacity of a 9 litre plain water type

Clean Agents

Agent does not extinguish by smothering, but displaces oxygen, or inhibits chemical chain reaction. They are labeled clean agents because they do not leave any residue after discharge which is ideal for sensitive electronics and documents.

• Halon (including Halon 1211 and Halon 1301), a gaseous agent that inhibits the chemical reaction of the fire. Bromochlorodifluoromethane, also known by the trade name Halon 1211 or BCF, or Halon 1211 BCF, or Freon 12B1, is a Haloalkane Bromotrifluoromethane, also known by the trade name Halon 1301 is an Organic halide with the chemical formula C[[bromine Br]] F 3 Classes B:C for lower weight fire extinguishers (2. 3 kg ; 5 lbs or less) and A:B:C for heavier weights (4. 1-7. 7 kg ; 9-17 lbs). Banned from new production, except for military use, as of January 1, 1994 as its properties contribute to ozone depletion and long atmospheric lifetime, usually 400 years. Halon was completely banned in Europe resulting in stockpiles being sent to the United States for reuse. Although production has been banned, the reuse is still permitted. Halon 1301 and 1211 are being replaced with new halons which have no ozone depletion properties and low atmospheric lifetimes, but are less effective. Currently Halotron I and Halotron II are meant to be replacements with significantly reduced ozone depletion potential.
• CO₂, a clean gaseous agent which displaces oxygen. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Highest rating for 7. 7 kg (20 pound) portable CO₂ extinguishers is 10B:C. Not intended for Class A fires.
• Mixtures of inert gases, including Inergen and Argonite. Inergen is a trademarked fire suppression product of Ansul Corporation Argonite is a Name brand and Registered trademark owned by Ginge-Kerr for a mixture of 50% Argon (Ar and 50% Nitrogen (N2

Class D

• Sodium Chloride/Bicarbonate Urea Graphite and Copper forms a crust over the burning metal and performs like a heat sink to draw heat away from the burning material, also smothers to a degree. For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a The Mineral graphite, as with Diamond and Fullerene, is one of the Allotropes of carbon. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Copper dry powder was developed by the U. S. Navy for lithium fires and will cling to vertical surfaces.

Maintenance

Most countries in the world require regular fire extinguisher maintenance by a competent person to operate safely and effectively, as part of fire safety legislation. Lack of maintenance can lead to an extinguisher not discharging when required, or rupturing when pressurized. Deaths have occurred, even in recent times, from corroded extinguishers exploding.

There is no all-encompassing fire code in the United States. Generally, most municipalities (by adoption of the International Fire Code) require inspections every 30 days to ensure the unit is pressurized and unobstructed (done by an employee of the facility) and an annual inspection by a qualified technician. The International Code Council ( ICC) is a United States based Non-governmental organization which allows U Hydrostatic pressure testing for all types of extinguishers is also required, generally every five years for water and CO₂ models up to every 12 years for dry chemical models. Fluid statics (also called hydrostatics) is the Science of Fluids at rest and is a sub-field within Fluid mechanics.

Recently the National Fire Protection Association and ICC voted to allow for the elimination of the 30 day inspection requirement so long as the fire extinguisher is monitored electronically. According to NFPA, the system must provide record keeping in the form of an electronic event log at the control panel. The system must also constantly monitor an extinguisher’s physical presence, internal pressure and whether an obstruction exists that could prevent ready access. In the event that any of the above conditions are found, the system must send an alert to officials so they can immediately rectify the situation. Electronic monitoring can be wired or wireless.

In the UK, three types of maintenance are required:

• Basic Service: All types of extinguisher require a basic inspection annually to check weight, correct pressure (using a special tool, not just looking at the gauge) and for signs of damage or corrosion, cartridge extinguishers are opened up for internal inspection & check weighing of the cartridge, labels are checked for legibility, where possible dip tubes, hoses and mechanisms checked for clear free operation.

• Extended Service: Water, Wet Chemical, Foam & Powder extinguishers require every five years a more detailed examination including a test discharge of the extinguisher and recharging- on stored pressure extinguishers this is the only opportunity to internally inspect for damage/corrosion. By recharging fresh agent is used as they all have a shelf life, even water goes foul inside an extinguisher; Note: extinguishers should be percentage tested according to total number of units in any given area. Some extinguishers contain pressure in excess of 1. 38 MPa (200psi) and this internal pressure over periods of time affects each brand & make differently depending on their placement & location.

• Overhaul: CO₂ extinguishers, due to their high operating pressure, are subject to pressure vessel safety legislation and must be hydraulic pressure tested, inspected internally & externally and date stamped every 10 years (Every 5 years in the U. S. ). As it cannot be pressure tested a new valve is also fitted. If replacing any part of the extinguisher (valve, horn etc) with a part from another manufacturer then the extinguisher will lose its fire rating. This may invalidate insurance, as would incorrect or inadequate servicing if it were to be found.

Fire extinguisher signs

Fire extinguisher identification signs are small signs designed to be mounted near a fire extinguisher, in order to draw attention to the extinguisher's location. History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. Such signs may be manufactured from a variety of materials, commonly self-adhesive vinyl, rigid PVC and aluminum. WikipediaNaming

In addition to words and pictographs indicating the presence of a fire extinguisher , modern extinguisher ID signs also describe the extinguishing agent in the unit, and summarize the types of fire on which it may safely be used.

Public and government buildings are often required, by local legal codes, to provide an ID sign for each extinguisher on the site. ^[5]

Similar signs are available for other fire equipment (including fire blankets and fire hose reels), and for other emergency equipment (such as first aid kits). A fire blanket is a safety device designed to extinguish small incipient (starting Fires.

Placement of fire extinguisher signs

Fire extinguisher signs are mounted above or to the side of the extinguisher they relate to.

Most licensing authorities have regulations describing the standard appearance of these signs (e. g. text height, pictographs used and so on)^[6].

Photo-luminescent fire extinguisher signs

Photo-luminescent fire extinguisher signs are made of a polymer that absorbs ambient light and releases it slowly in dark conditions - the sign "glows in the dark". A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds Such signs are independent of an external power supply, and so offer a low-cost, reliable means of indicating the position of emergency equipment in dark or smoky conditions.

Photo-luminescent signs are sometimes mis-described as being reflective. Reflection is the change in direction of a Wave front at an interface between two different media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which A reflective material will only return ambient light for as long as the light source is supplied, rather than storing energy and releasing it over a period of time. However, many fire extinguishers and extinguisher mounting posts have strips of reflective adhesive tape placed on them to facilitate their location in situations where only emergency lighting or flashlights are available. A flashlight (also called an electric torch or torch) is a portable electric spotlight which emits light from a small incandescent Lightbulb

Older luminescent signs sometimes used a radioactive tritium source to energise the polymeric material. Tritium (ˈtɹɪtiəm symbol or, also known as Hydrogen-3) is a radioactive Isotope of Hydrogen. This source could pose a hazard when such signs are dismantled or damaged^[7]. Modern photoluminescent materials are, however, not radioactive.

References

Automatic Sprinkler Protection - Goram Dana, S. B.

External links

• Underwriters Laboratories tips
• MSDS Sheets for hand held portable fire extinguishers
• OSHA requirements
• -Extinguisher-museum.com > Online museum about antique fire extinguishers and their history
• Fire Extinguisher Information Site
• National Fire Help
• How to use a fire extinguisher
• Aviation requirements for fire extinguishers

v • d • e  Fire protection
General: Active fire protection — Fire alarm system Fire suppression: Fire extinguisher — Fire sand bucket — Fire sprinkler — Gaseous fire suppression Detection/alarm: Control panel — Heat detector — Pull station — Fire alarm box — Notification appliance — Smoke detector Practices: Fire drill — Fire drill regulations in the USA

Active fire protection (AFP is an integral part of Fire protection. An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion A fire sand bucket or fire bucket is a Bucket filled with Sand which is used to put out Fires. A fire sprinkler is the part of a Fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected such as when a predetermined temperature has Gaseous fire suppression is a term to describe the use of inert Gases and chemical agents to extinguish a Fire. A fire alarm control panel (FACP also called a fire alarm panel. A heat detector is a device that responds to changes in Ambient temperature. A fire alarm pull station is an Active fire protection device usually wall-mounted that when activated initiates an alarm on a Fire alarm system A fire alarm box is an outdoor device used for notifying a fire department of a fire A fire alarm notification appliance is an Active fire protection component A smoke detector is a device that detects Smoke and issues an Alarm. A fire drill is a method of practicing the evacuation of a building for a Fire or other Emergency. The following is a list of Fire drill regulations in the United States.

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