The Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, also known as the YYA Treaty from the Finnish Ystävyys-, yhteistyö- ja avunantosopimus (YYA-sopimus) (Swedish: Vänskaps-, samarbets- och biståndsavtalet (VSB-avtalet)), was the basis for Finno–Soviet relations from 1948 to 1992. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Finland Swedish is a general term for the closely related cluster of Dialects of Swedish spoken in Finland by Swedish-speaking Finns as their Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

Under the treaty, which was signed on April 6, 1948, the Soviets sought to deter Western or Allied Powers from attacking the Soviet Union through Finnish territory, and the Finns sought to increase Finland's political independence from the Soviet Union. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Power in international relations is defined in several different ways The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising It thus ensured Finland's survival as a liberal democracy in close proximity to strategic Soviet regions, such as the Kola Peninsula and the old capital Leningrad. The term "liberal" in "liberal democracy" does not imply that the government of such a democracy must follow the political ideology of The Kola Peninsula (from Sami language Guoládat) (Кольский полуостров Kol'skij poluostrov) is a Peninsula in the far Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River

Under the pact, Finland was obliged to resist armed attacks by "Germany or its allies" (in reality interpreted as the United States and allies) against Finland, or against the Soviet Union through Finland. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the If necessary, Finland was to ask for Soviet military aid to do so. The agreement also recognized Finland's desire to remain outside great-power conflicts, allowing the country to adopt a policy of neutrality in the Cold War. A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the

Due to the uncertain status of Finno–Soviet relations in the years after the Continuation War, and the precise interpretation of the treaty's wording, Finland followed the Warsaw Pact countries' decision and did not participate in the Marshall Plan. The Continuation War (Jatkosota Fortsättningskriget Советско-финская война ( 25 June 1941 &ndash 19 September 1944) The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger As a result, Finland's post-war period of economic hardship was prolonged, compared to other European capitalist countries, and it thus became considerably more economically dependent on the Soviet Union. In general, Finland kept its relations towards western military powers very cool (including the proposed Scandinavian Defense Union) and NATO in particular. A Scandinavian defence union that would include Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark was planned between the four countries after World The North Atlantic Treaty By avoiding supporting the West, it attempted to fend off Soviet pressure for affiliation with the Warsaw Pact.

The YYA Treaty was a cornerstone in Paasikivi's foreign policy. Juho Kusti Paasikivi juho kusti pɑsikiʋi ( November 27, 1870 &ndash December 14, 1956) was the 7th President of Finland (1946–1956 It was also a central policy under the presidency of Kekkonen (1956–1981), who dubbed his foreign policy doctrine the Paasikivi-Kekkonen line. Kekkonen redirects here For other uses see Kekkonen (disambiguation. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Doctrine (Latin doctrina) is a codification of beliefs or "a body of teachings quot or "instructions" taught principles or positions as the The Paasikivi-Kekkonen line is president Urho Kekkonen 's (1956-1981 realization and development of his predecessor Paasikivi 's doctrine aimed at The treaty was an instrumental tool for the Soviet Union to gain political leverage in the internal affairs of Finland in post-war era. This influence was commonly referred to as finlandisation. Finlandization (suomettuminen finlandisering Finnlandisierung is the influence that one powerful country may have on the policies of a smaller neighboring country

The Soviet Union had similar agreements with many nations, that were not directly allied with it but depended heavily on Soviet support, such as North Korea since 1961, with India since 1971, Vietnam since 1978, etc. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, The Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The first such agreement was with Free France in 1943, however. The Free French Forces (Forces Françaises Libres FFL) were French fighters in World War II who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces

Trivia

Paraphrasing president Paasikivi, the Finnish political cartoonist Kari Suomalainen defined the Paasikivi-Kekkonen line as "The art of bowing to the East so carefully that it could not be considered mooning the West. An editorial cartoonist, also known as a political cartoonist, is an artist who draws Cartoons that contain some level of political or social commentary Kari Yrjänä Suomalainen ( October 15, 1920 - August 10, 1999) was Finland 's most famous Political cartoonist. Mooning is the act of displaying one's bare Buttocks by removing clothing e "

External links

• Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance at www. mannerheim. fi
• The Paasikivi Policy and Foreign-Policy Thinking at the Paasikivi Society
• The Cold War and the Treaty of 1948 from Library of Congress (the Country Studies)