Iron tapped from the blast furnace is pig iron, and contains significant amounts of carbon and silicon. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical Furnace used for Smelting to produce metals generally Iron. Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Silicon (ˈsɪlɪkən or /ˈsɪlɪkɒn/ silicium is the Chemical element that has the symbol Si and Atomic number 14 To produce malleable wrought iron, it needs to undergo a further process. QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron. Decarburization is the process opposite to Carburization, namely aimed at decreasing the content of Carbon in Metals (usually Steel) In the early modern period, this was carried out in a finery forge.
There were several types of finery forges. The dominant type in Sweden was the German forge, which had a single hearth that was used for all processes. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. In common historic and modern usage a hearth (Har-th is a Brick - or stone -lined Fireplace or Oven used for Cooking and/or Heating In Uppland north of Stockholm and certain adjacent provinces, another kind known as the Walloon forge was used, mainly for the production of a particularly pure kind of iron known as oregrounds iron, which was exported to England to make blister steel. Uppland ( is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the The English term Oregrounds iron takes its name from the small Swedish city of Öregrund. The cementation process is an obsolete technique for making Steel by Carburization of Iron. Its purity depended on the use of ore from the Dannemora mine. Dannemora is an old mining town (pop 240 in Östhammar Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden Dannemora mine Dannemora is the location of The Walloon forge was virtually the only kind used in Great Britain. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands This had two kinds of hearth, the finery and the chafery. A chafery is a variety of hearth used in ironmaking for reheating a bloom of iron in the course of its being drawn out into a bar of Wrought iron. In the finery, the finer remelted pig iron so as to oxidise the carbon (and silicon). Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux This produced a lump of iron (with some slag) known as a bloom. Slag is the By-product of Smelting Ore to purify Metals They can be considered to be a mixture of metal Oxides however A bloomery is a type of Furnace once widely used for Smelting Iron from its oxides. This was consolidated using a water-powered hammer (see trip hammer) and returned to the finery. A trip hammer (alt helve hammer) is a massive powered Hammer, usually raised by a Cam and then released to fall under the force of gravity. The next stages were undertaken by the hammerman. His work was to draw the bloom out into a bar to produce what was known as bar iron. Shingling was a stage in the production of bar iron or Steel, in the finery and puddling processes QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron. In the course of doing so, he had to reheat the iron, for which he used the chafery. The fuel in the finery had to be charcoal, because impurities in any mineral fuel would affect the quality of the iron. Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation
This is an obsolete process of making iron. QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron. The finery forge process began to be replaced from the late 18th century by others, of which puddling was the most successful. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Puddling was an Industrial Revolution means of making iron and Steel. These used mineral fuel (coal or coke), and freed the iron industry from its dependence on the speed of growth of trees. Coke is a solid Carbonaceous material derived from Destructive distillation of low-ash low-sulfur Bituminous coal. That transition is the industrial revolution for the iron industry. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The history of ferrous metallurgy began far back in Prehistory, most likely with the use of Iron from Meteorites The Smelting of iron in
See also
References
- H. Puddling was an Industrial Revolution means of making iron and Steel. Shingling was a stage in the production of bar iron or Steel, in the finery and puddling processes Schubert, History of British iron and steel industry c. 450 BC to AD 1775 (1957), 272-291
- A. den Ouden, 'The production of wrought iron in finery hearths' Historical Metallurgy 15(2) (1981), 63-87 and 16(1) (1982), 29-33.
- K-G. Hildebrand, Swedish iron in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: export industry before industrialization (Stockholm 1992).
- P. King, 'The cartel in oregrounds iron: trading in the raw material for steel during the 18th century' Journal of Industrial History 6 (2003), 25-48. The English term Oregrounds iron takes its name from the small Swedish city of Öregrund.
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