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Final Blackout
Image:Final blackout.jpg
Dust-jacket from the first edition
Author L. Ron Hubbard
Illustrator Betty Wells Halladay
Cover artist Betty Wells Halladay
Country United States
Language English
Genre(s) Science fiction
Publisher The Hadley Publishing Co.
Publication date 1948
Media type Print (Hardback)
Pages 154 pp
ISBN ISBN 0884043401
OCLC 18604884

Final Blackout is a dystopic science fiction novel by author L. Ron Hubbard. Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13 1911 &ndash January 24 1986 was a fiction writer who devised a self-help technique called Dianetics and philosophy known as Scientology The United States of America —commonly referred to as the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Grant-Hadley Enterprises was the first of three names used by an American Small press publishing house specializing in Science fiction titles The year 1948 in literature involved some significant events and new books A hardcover (or hardback or hardbound) is a Book bound with rigid protective covers (typically of cardboard covered with Cloth The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος alternatively cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the vision of a society Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13 1911 &ndash January 24 1986 was a fiction writer who devised a self-help technique called Dianetics and philosophy known as Scientology The novel is set in the future and follows a man known as "the Lieutenant" as he restores order to England after a world war. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland First published in serialized format in 1940 in Astounding Science Fiction, Final Blackout was published in book form in 1948 by The Hadley Publishing Co. Author Services Inc. published a hardcover edition of the book in 1988, and in 1989 the Church of Scientology-affiliated organization Bridge Publications announced that film director Christopher Cain had signed a contract to write and direct a movie version based on the book. Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American Science fiction Magazine. The year 1948 in literature involved some significant events and new books Grant-Hadley Enterprises was the first of three names used by an American Small press publishing house specializing in Science fiction titles Author Services Inc (ASI is a Literary agency in Hollywood California that represents only one author the late Scientology founder L Events Actress Kim Basinger and her brother Mick purchase Braselton Georgia for $20 million The Church of Scientology is the largest organization devoted to the practice and the promotion of the Scientology belief system. Bridge Publications Inc (BPI is a Californian 501(c(3 Non-profit corporation. A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film.

The novel was generally well received by literature critics, and is seen as an early classic of the Golden Age of Science Fiction. The first Golden Age of Science Fiction, often recognized as a period from the late 1930s or early 1940s through to the 1950s was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide It has received positive mention in the Chicago Sun-Times and the Daily News of Los Angeles and has been used in a science-fiction writing class at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily Newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. The Daily News of Los Angeles, also known as the Los Angeles Daily News, is the second largest circulating daily Newspaper of Los Angeles The California State Polytechnic University Pomona, also officially Cal Poly Pomona, is a public, nationally-ranked coeducational university and one of the

Contents

Publication history

The story appeared in print in a 3-part serialized format,[1] beginning with the April 1940 issue of Astounding Science Fiction. Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American Science fiction Magazine. [2] Final Blackout was first published in book form in 1948 by The Hadley Publishing Co. in an edition of 1,000 copies and with a new preface by Hubbard. The year 1948 in literature involved some significant events and new books Grant-Hadley Enterprises was the first of three names used by an American Small press publishing house specializing in Science fiction titles [3] The book was re-released in a hardcover format in 1988 by the Church of Spiritual Technology subsidiary company Author Services Inc.[4]

In 1989, Young Guns film director Christopher Cain optioned the rights to Final Blackout and developed a script for a possible film-version of the book. The Church of Spiritual Technology, also known as CST, is a Californian 501(c(3 Non-profit corporation, incorporated in 1982 which owns all the Author Services Inc (ASI is a Literary agency in Hollywood California that represents only one author the late Scientology founder L Events Actress Kim Basinger and her brother Mick purchase Braselton Georgia for $20 million Young Guns is a 1988 action / Western film first made by Morgan Creek Productions and released by 20th Century Fox (in North A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. [5] According to the Church of Scientology company Bridge Publications, Cain signed a contract to write a screenplay based on the book and to direct the film. The Church of Scientology is the largest organization devoted to the practice and the promotion of the Scientology belief system. Bridge Publications Inc (BPI is a Californian 501(c(3 Non-profit corporation. [6] "The book is massive in scope and transcends time. It's a powerful look at the idiocy and futility of war. I look forward to making 'Final Blackout' into a major movie," said Cain in a press release put out by Bridge Publications. [6]

An audiobook was released by Bridge Publications in 1991 and read by Planet of the Apes actor Roddy McDowall, who also voiced audiobook versions of Hubbard's novels Battlefield Earth and Fear. Planet of the Apes is a novel by Pierre Boulle, originally published in 1963 in French as La Planète des singes. Roderick Andrew Anthony Jude McDowall ( September 17, 1928 – October 3, 1998) was an English -born Battlefield Earth is a Science fiction novel written by Scientology founder L Fear is a Psychological thriller - horror Novella by L Ron Hubbard. [7]

Plot

Set in the future, the novel concerns the rise of a Lieutenant (known in the book only as "the Lieutenant") to dictator of England after a world war. Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Lieutenant leads a ragtag army fighting for survival after Europe has been ravaged by 30 years of atomic, biological and conventional warfare.

Reception

Final Blackout is seen as an early classic of the Golden Age of Science Fiction. The first Golden Age of Science Fiction, often recognized as a period from the late 1930s or early 1940s through to the 1950s was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide [8][9] In his book The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy, Donald H. Tuck described the book as "Hubbard's masterpiece". Donald Henry Tuck (born 1922 in Australia) is a bibliographer of Science fiction and Fantasy. [1] Thomas D. Clareson writes in Understanding Contemporary American Science Fiction that prior to formalizing Dianetics and Scientology, Hubbard was "perhaps best known for Final Blackout". Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the relationship between the spirit mind and body that were developed by L Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices initially created by American Science fiction author L [10] In his book Scientology: The Now Religion, George Malko writes that Hubbard's works including Slaves of Sleep, Kingslayer, Typewriter in the Sky, Fear, Death's Deputy, and Final Blackout "were eagerly welcomed by devoted fans". Scientology The Now Religion is a Non-fiction book on Scientology, written by George Malko. [11] In his 1967 book Seekers of Tomorrow: Masters of Modern Science Fiction, Sam Moskowitz writes that the book ". . . was a stunning achievement, certainly the most powerful and readable 'warning' story that had appeared in science fiction to that date. "[12] Moskowitz comments: "The progress of today's events has made much of Final Blackout prophetic". [12]

Roland J. Green of the Chicago Sun-Times called the book "One of the highwater marks of his [Hubbard's] literary career", and "perhaps the best single novel yet of what the Pentagon once so charmingly christened 'the broken-backed war' after a nuclear exchange". The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily Newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. [13] Science fiction writer John W. Campbell wrote of the book: "H. John Wood Campbell Jr (June 8 1910 – July 11 1971 was an important Science fiction editor and writer G. Wells. . . never wrote anything more powerful than [Hubbard's] 'Final Blackout'". [14] Jon Stone of NewsNet5. com described Final Blackout and Fear as "pulp in composition and not great in length, they are straight stories with few or no elements of Hubbard's other career", and compared the "pages of battles and tactics" in Final Blackout to Hubbard's later work Battlefield Earth. [15] Final Blackout and Fear are often cited by critics as the best examples of Hubbard's pulp fiction works. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines [16] Chuck Moss of Daily News of Los Angeles called the book "extremely good science fiction". The Daily News of Los Angeles, also known as the Los Angeles Daily News, is the second largest circulating daily Newspaper of Los Angeles [17]

The book has been included in the curriculum of a science-fiction writing class at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. The California State Polytechnic University Pomona, also officially Cal Poly Pomona, is a public, nationally-ranked coeducational university and one of the [18] Cal Poly Pomona professor Steve Whaley told The Press-Enterprise that he thinks Hubbard was a "damn good storyteller". The Press-Enterprise is a newspaper that serves the Inland Empire in Southern California. [18]

References

  1. ^ a b Tuck, Donald H. (1974). Donald Henry Tuck (born 1922 in Australia) is a bibliographer of Science fiction and Fantasy. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Chicago: Advent, 233. AdventPublishers is a publishing house founded by Earl Kemp and other members of the University of Chicago Science Fiction Club in 1956, to ISBN 0-911682-20-1.  
  2. ^ Robinson, Frank M. ; Lawrence Davidson (1998). Pulp Culture: The Art of Fiction Magazines. Collectors Press, Inc. , 183. ISBN 1888054123.  
  3. ^ Chalker, Jack L.; Mark Owings (1998). Jack Laurence Chalker ( December 17, 1944 – February 11, 2005) was an American Science fiction author. The Science-Fantasy Publishers: A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998. Westminster, MD and Baltimore: Mirage Press, Ltd. , 343.  
  4. ^ Welch, Scott; Simone Welch (L. Ron Hubbard Publications). "Book Characters Come to Life at American Bookseller Convention", PR Newswire, June 3, 1988. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar)  
  5. ^ Honeycutt, Kirk. "Cinefile", Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1989, p. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)  28.  
  6. ^ a b Welch, Scott (Bridge Publications). "FINAL-BLACKOUT; L. Ron Hubbard's Final Blackout goes to screen", Business Wire, Business Wire, Inc, August 22, 1989. Business Wire is a company that disseminates full-text News releases from thousands of companies and organizations worldwide to News media, financial markets Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)  
  7. ^ Robison, Ken. "McDowall Reads Hubbard For Sci-Fi Fans", The Fresno Bee, December 22, 1991, p. The Fresno Bee is the daily Newspaper serving Fresno California and surrounding counties in that U Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.  F20.  
  8. ^ Milan. "The Invaders Plan MISSION EARTH VOLUME I by L. Ron Hubbard", Los Angeles Times, February 9, 1986, p. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar)  6.  
  9. ^ McIntyre, Mike. "Hubbard hot-author status called illusion", The San Diego Union, Union-Tribune Publishing Co. The San Diego Union-Tribune is a daily Newspaper published in San Diego California, by the Copley Press. , April 15, 1990, p. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)  A-1.  
  10. ^ Clareson, Thomas D. (1992). Understanding Contemporary American Science Fiction: The Formative Period, 1926 - 1970. University of South Carolina Press, 73. ISBN 0872498700.  
  11. ^ Malko, George (1970). Scientology: The Now Religion. Scientology The Now Religion is a Non-fiction book on Scientology, written by George Malko. Delacorte Press, 34. ISBN 1112963731.  
  12. ^ a b Moskowitz, Sam (1967). Seekers of Tomorrow: Masters of Modern Science Fiction. Ballantine Books, 411.  
  13. ^ Green, Roland J. . "Some good old prose by Wolfe and Heinlein", Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago Sun-Times, Inc. The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily Newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. , April 5, 1992, p. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)  13.  
  14. ^ Westfahl, Gary (1998). The Mechanics of Wonder: The Creation of the Idea of Science Fiction. Liverpool University Press, 215-216. ISBN 0853235635.  
  15. ^ Stone, Jon (May 12, 2000). Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Hubbard Opus Delivers, Breaks Little Ground: 'Battlefield Earth' Takes Over 1,000 Pages To Show Readers Nothing New. NewsNet5. com. www. newsnet5. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
  16. ^ Testa, Anthony (2006). The Key of the Abyss: Jack Parsons, the Babalon Working and the Black Pilgrimage Decoded. Lulu. com, 15. ISBN 1430301600.  
  17. ^ Moss, Chuck. "Science Fiction - A Glimpse of the Future, From Present-Day Writers", Daily News of Los Angeles, March 15, 1992, p. The Daily News of Los Angeles, also known as the Los Angeles Daily News, is the second largest circulating daily Newspaper of Los Angeles Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)  L23.  
  18. ^ a b Thurston, Susan. "Hubbard's 'Battlefield' opens: Scientology's Inland film unit wasn't in on the movie of the sect founder's epic sci-fi novel", The Press-Enterprise, The Press-Enterprise Co. The Press-Enterprise is a newspaper that serves the Inland Empire in Southern California. , May 12, 2000, p. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.  A01.  

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