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A water filter is a device which removes impurities from water by means of a fine physical barrier, chemical process and/or biological process. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Filters are used to cleanse water for irrigation, drinking water, aquariums, and swimming pools. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a Vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which Water -dwelling Plants A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or simply a pool, is an artificially enclosed Body of water intended for Swimming or

Contents

Uses

Water can be cleaned using a variety of different types of water filters, both for drinking and other purposes. Filtration forms a key stage in many waste water and drinking water treatement systems. In the case of drinking water, filtration tends to be carried out by the supplier prior to the water's entry into the distribution system. Additional filtration may be carried out by consumers at their premises using any of several types of domestic water filter.

Domestic water filters are primarily used to remove chemicals and metals such as chlorine and lead. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Water filters can be used for preventative health reasons in the case of harmful substances, or for reasons of aesthetics, to improve the taste, colour or odour of drinking water. Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called Domestic water filters can be attached directly to a tap, attached to the domestic water supply before the tap, or filters can be used at the point of use or in a portable unit.

Methods of filtration

Main article: Filtration

The physics of water filters is based on sieving, adsorption, ion exchanges and other processes. Filtration is a mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases by interposing a medium to fluid flow through which the fluid Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid Solute accumulates on the surface of a solid or a liquid (adsorbent forming a film of molecules or atoms (the Ion exchange is an exchange of Ions between two Electrolytes or between an electrolyte Solution and a complex. Unlike a sieve or screen, a filter can remove particles much smaller than the holes through which the water passes.

Types of filters

Water treatment plant filters

Types of water filters include media filters, screen filters, disk filters, slow sand filter beds, rapid sand filters and cloth filters. A media filter is a type of filter utilizing a bed of Sand, crushed Granite or other material to filter Water for drinking Swimming pools A screen filter is a type of filter utilizing a rigid or flexible screen to separate Sand and other fine particles out of water for Irrigation or other A disk filter is a type of water filter used primarily in irrigation similar to a Screen filter, except that the filter cartridge is made of a number of disks stacked Slow sand filters are used in Water purification for treating Raw water to produce a potable product The rapid sand filter or rapid gravity filter is a type of filter used in Water purification and is commonly used in municipal Water treatment facilities Developed for use in Bangladesh, the cloth filter is a simple and cost-effective Appropriate technology method for reducing the contamination of drinking water

Point-of-use/domestic drinking water filters

A number of different filter types are available for use in the home, including granular activated carbon filters (GAC), metallic alloy filters, microporous ceramic filters, carbon block resin (CBR) and ultra-filtration membranes. Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal or activated coal, is a form of Carbon that has been processed to make it extremely porous and thus to An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has Ceramic water filters are an inexpensive and effective type of Water filter, that rely on the small pore size of Ceramic material to filter dirt debris Some filter units may be composite systems comprising several of these filter technologies. Jug filters can be used for small quantities of water for drinking. Some kettles have such filters built in, predominantly to reduce the effects of limescale. A kettle is a Kitchenware piece Depending on culture and historical location in the context of bathware the word kettle can have a variety of meanings Limescale is the hard off-white chalky deposit found in kettles hot-water boilers and the inside of inadequately maintained hot-water central heating systems

Portable water filters

Water filters are also used by recreational hikers, by aid organizations during humanitarian emergencies, and by the military. These filters are usually small, portable and light (1-2 pounds or less) and usually filter water by working a mechanical hand pump, although some use a siphon drip system to force water through while others are built right into water bottles. A siphon (also spelled syphon) is a continuous tube that allows liquid to drain from a reservoir through an intermediate point that is higher than the reservoir the flow being Dirty water is pumped via a screen-filtered flexible silicon tube through a specialized filter, ending up in a container. These types of filters work to remove bacteria, protozoa and microbial cysts, all of which can cause disease. The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have Protozoa (in Greek πρῶτον proton "first" and ζῷα zoia "animals" are unicellular Eukaryotes (singular A microbial cyst is a resting or Dormant stage of a microorganism usually a Bacterium or a Protist, that helps the organism to tide over unfavorable environmental Filters include fine meshes, which must be replaced, and ceramic water filters which must have their outside abraded off when it becomes clogged with impurities. Ceramic water filters are an inexpensive and effective type of Water filter, that rely on the small pore size of Ceramic material to filter dirt debris

These water filters should not be confused with devices or tablets that are water purifiers. Water purification is the process of removing contaminants and other harmful microorganisms from a raw water source Some of these devices have the ability to remove or kill viruses such as hepatitis A and rotavirus. A virus (from the Latin virus meaning Toxin or Poison) is a sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable Hepatitis A, (formerly known as infectious hepatitis) is an acute Infectious disease of the Liver caused by Hepatitis A virus which is Rotavirus is a Genus of Double-stranded RNA virus in the family Reoviridae.

See also

External links

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