The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians not over 40 years of age at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Union, a meeting that takes place every four years. A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM is the largest congress in the Mathematics community The International Mathematical Union is an international Non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of Mathematics. The Fields Medal is widely viewed as the top honor a mathematician can receive. [1][2] It comes with a monetary award, which in 2006 was C$15,000 (US$15,000 or €10,000). The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e [3] Founded at the behest of Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields, the medal was first awarded in 1936, to Finnish mathematician Lars Ahlfors and American mathematician Jesse Douglas and has been regularly awarded since 1950. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page John Charles Fields ( May 14, 1863 - August 9, 1932) was a Canadian Mathematician and the founder of the Fields Medal Lars Valerian Ahlfors ( April 18, 1907 – October 11, 1996) was a Finnish Mathematician, remembered for his work in the Jesse Douglas ( 3 July, 1897 &ndash 7 September, 1965) was an American Mathematician. Its purpose is to give recognition and support to younger mathematical researchers who have made major contributions.
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Conditions of the award
The Fields Medal is often described as the "Nobel Prize of Mathematics" for the prestige it carries[4], though in most other ways the relatively new Abel Prize is a more direct analogue. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and The Abel Prize is an international prize presented annually by the King of Norway to one or more outstanding Mathematicians The prize is named after Norwegian The comparison is not entirely accurate because the Fields Medal is only awarded every four years. The Medal also has an age limit: a recipient's 40th birthday must not occur before January 1 of the year in which the Fields Medal is awarded. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC This rule is based on Fields' desire that
… while it was in recognition of work already done, it was at the same time intended to be an encouragement for further achievement on the part of the recipients and a stimulus to renewed effort on the part of others.
The monetary award is much lower than the roughly US$1. 5 million given with each Nobel prize. Finally, Fields Medals have generally been awarded for a body of work, rather than for a particular result; and instead of a direct citation there is a speech of congratulation.
Other major awards in mathematics, such as the Wolf Prize in Mathematics and the Abel Prize, recognise lifetime achievement, again making them different in kind from the Nobels, although the Abel has a large monetary prize like a Nobel. The Abel Prize is an international prize presented annually by the King of Norway to one or more outstanding Mathematicians The prize is named after Norwegian The Fields Medal has the prestige of the selection by the IMU, which represents the world mathematical community. The International Mathematical Union is an international Non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of Mathematics.
Fields Medalists
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Landmarks
In 1954, Jean-Pierre Serre became the youngest winner of the Fields Medal, at just over 28. The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM is the largest congress in the Mathematics community (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Lars Valerian Ahlfors ( April 18, 1907 – October 11, 1996) was a Finnish Mathematician, remembered for his work in the Jesse Douglas ( 3 July, 1897 &ndash 7 September, 1965) was an American Mathematician. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Laurent-Moïse Schwartz ( 5 March 1915 in Paris &ndash 4 July 2002 in Paris) was a French Mathematician Atle Selberg ( June 14, 1917 &ndash August 6, 2007) was a Norwegian Mathematician known for his work in Analytic number Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands was a Japanese Mathematician known for distinguished work in Algebraic geometry and the theory of Complex manifolds and as the founder of the Japanese Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Klaus Friedrich Roth, (ˈroʊθ (b 29 October 1925) is a British Mathematician known for work on Diophantine approximation, the Large René Thom ( September 2, 1923 – October 25, 2002) was a French Mathematician. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Lars Valter Hörmander (born January 24, 1931 in Mjällby on the peninsula of Listerlandet in the county of Blekinge) is a Swedish John Willard Milnor (b February 20, 1931 in Orange New Jersey) is an American Mathematician known for his work in Differential Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Sir Michael Francis Atiyah, OM, FRS, FRSE (b April 22, 1929) is a British Mathematician, and one of the Paul Joseph Cohen ( April 2, 1934 &ndash March 23, 2007) was an American Mathematician best known for his proof of Experimental infobox see Wikipedia talkPersondata before changing --> Alexander Grothendieck (born March 28, 1928 in Berlin, Germany Stephen Smale (born July 15, 1930) is an American Mathematician from Flint Michigan. Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Alan Baker (born on August 19 1939) is an English Mathematician. Heisuke Hironaka (広中 平祐 Hironaka Heisuke; born April 9, 1931) is a Japanese Mathematician. Sergei Petrovich Novikov (also Serguei) ( Russian Сергей Петрович Новиков (born 20 March 1938) is a Russian John Griggs Thompson (born October 13 1932 in Ottawa Kansas, USA) is a Mathematician noted for his work in the field of Finite Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Enrico Bombieri (born November 26, 1940) is an Italian Mathematician, born in Milan. David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is a Mathematician known for distinguished work in Algebraic geometry, and then for research into Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Pierre René Viscount Deligne (born 3 October 1944 in Brussels) is a Belgian Mathematician. Charles Louis Fefferman (born April 18, 1949 in Silver Spring Maryland) is an American Mathematician at Princeton University Gregori Aleksandrovich Margulis (Григорий Александрович Маргулис first name often given as Gregory, Grigori or Grigory) (born Daniel Gray ("Dan" Quillen (born June 22, 1940) is an American Mathematician and a Fields Medalist From 1984 to 2006 Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Alain Connes (born 1 April 1947 is a French Mathematician, currently Professor at the College de France, IHÉS and Vanderbilt University William Paul Thurston (born October 30, 1946) is an American Mathematician. Shing-Tung Yau ( born April 4, 1949) is a Chinese American Mathematician working in Differential geometry, and involved The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Simon Kirwan Donaldson (born August 20 1957 in Cambridge, England) is an English mathematician famous for his work on the Topology of Gerd Faltings (born July 28, 1954 in Gelsenkirchen -Buer is a German Mathematician known for his work in arithmetic Algebraic Michael Hartley Freedman (born 21 April 1951 in Los Angeles, California, U (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Vladimir Gershonovich Drinfel'd (born February 4, 1954 in the Ukrainian SSR; Владимир Гершонович Дринфельд is a Russian Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones DCNZM (born 31 December 1952) is a New Zealand Mathematician, known for his work on Shigefumi Mori (森 重文 Mori Shigefumi, born February 23, 1951) is a Japanese Mathematician, known for his work in Algebraic geometry Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American Theoretical physicist and Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Jean Bourgain (b February 28, 1954, Ostend) is a Belgian Mathematician, noted as a prolific problem-solver Pierre-Louis Lions (born August 11 1956) is a French mathematician Jean-Christophe Yoccoz (born May 29, 1957) is a French Mathematician. Efim Isaakovich Zelmanov (Ефим Исаакович Зельманов born 7 September 1955) is a Mathematician, known for his work on combinatorial Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Richard Ewen Borcherds (born November 29, 1959) is a British Mathematician specializing in lattices, Number theory, William Timothy Gowers FRS (born 20 November 1963, Wiltshire) is a British mathematician Maxim Lvovich Kontsevich (Максим Львович Концевич (born August 25, 1964) is a Russian Mathematician. Curtis Tracy McMullen (born 21 May 1958) is Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University. Sir Andrew John Wiles KBE FRS (born 11 April 1953 is a British Mathematician and a professor at Princeton University China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Laurent Lafforgue (born November 6, 1966, in Antony Hauts-de-Seine, France) is a French Mathematician. Vladimir Voevodsky (Владимир Воеводский (born June 4, 1966) is a Russian Mathematician. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Andrei Yuryevich Okounkov ( Russian: Андрей Юрьевич Окуньков Andrej Okun'kov) (born 1969) is a Russian Mathematician Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman (Григорий Яковлевич Перельман born 13 June 1966 in Leningrad, USSR (now St Terence Chi-Shen Tao FRS (陶哲軒 (born July 17, 1975, Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian Mathematician Wendelin Werner (born September 23, 1968 in Germany) is a German-born French Mathematician working in the area of self-avoiding He still retains this distinction.
In 1966, Alexander Grothendieck boycotted his own Fields Medal ceremony, held in Moscow, to protest Soviet military actions taking place in Eastern Europe. Experimental infobox see Wikipedia talkPersondata before changing --> Alexander Grothendieck (born March 28, 1928 in Berlin, Germany Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of [5]
In 1970, Sergei Petrovich Novikov, due to restrictions placed on him by the Soviet government, was unable to travel to the congress in Nice to receive his medal. Sergei Petrovich Novikov (also Serguei) ( Russian Сергей Петрович Новиков (born 20 March 1938) is a Russian Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek
In 1978, Gregori Margulis, due to restrictions placed on him by the Soviet government, was unable to travel to the congress in Helsinki to receive his medal. Gregori Aleksandrovich Margulis (Григорий Александрович Маргулис first name often given as Gregory, Grigori or Grigory) (born Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. The award was accepted on his behalf by Jacques Tits, who said in his address:
I cannot but express my deep disappointment — no doubt shared by many people here — in the absence of Margulis from this ceremony. Jacques Tits (born August 12, 1930 in Uccle) is a French (and formerly Belgian) Mathematician. In view of the symbolic meaning of this city of Helsinki, I had indeed grounds to hope that I would have a chance at last to meet a mathematician whom I know only through his work and for whom I have the greatest respect and admiration. [6]
In 1982, the congress was due to be held in Warsaw but had to be rescheduled to the next year, due to political instability. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. The awards were announced at the ninth General Assembly of the IMU earlier in the year and awarded at the 1983 Warsaw congress.
In 1998, at the ICM, Andrew Wiles was presented by the chair of the Fields Medal Committee, Yuri Manin, with the first-ever IMU silver plaque in recognition of his proof of Fermat's last theorem. Sir Andrew John Wiles KBE FRS (born 11 April 1953 is a British Mathematician and a professor at Princeton University Yuri Ivanovitch Manin (Юрий Иванович Манин born 1937 Simferopol) is a Russian / German mathematician known for work in Algebraic Fermat's Last Theorem is the name of the statement in Number theory that It is impossible to separate any power higher than the second into two like Don Zagier referred to the plaque as a "quantized Fields Medal". Don Bernhard Zagier (born 1951) is an American Mathematician whose main area of work is Number theory. Accounts of this award frequently make reference that at the time of the award Wiles was over the age limit for the Fields medal (e. g. , see [7]). Although Wiles was slightly over the age limit in 1994, he was thought to be a favorite to win the medal; however, a gap (later resolved by Wiles) in the proof was found in 1993. [8] [9]
In 2006, Grigori Perelman, credited with proving the Poincaré conjecture, refused his Fields Medal[3] and did not attend the congress. Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman (Григорий Яковлевич Перельман born 13 June 1966 in Leningrad, USSR (now St In Mathematics, the Poincaré conjecture (French pwɛ̃kaʀe is a Theorem about the characterization of the three-dimensional sphere among [10]
The medal
The medal was realised by Canadian sculptor Robert Tait McKenzie.
- On the obverse is Archimedes and a quote attributed to him which reads in Latin: "Transire suum pectus mundoque potiri" (Rise above oneself and grasp the world). Archimedes of Syracuse ( Greek:) ( c. 287 BC – c 212 BC was a Greek mathematician, Physicist, Engineer
- On the reverse is the inscription (in Latin):
| “ | CONGREGATI
EX TOTO ORBE MATHEMATICI OB SCRIPTA INSIGNIA TRIBUERE |
” |
Translation: "The mathematicians having congregated from the whole world awarded because of outstanding writings. "
In the background, there is the representation of Archimedes' tomb, with the carving of his theorem on the Sphere and the Cylinder (a sphere and a circumscribed cylinder of the same height and diameter, the result of which he was most proud) behind a branch. Archimedes of Syracuse ( Greek:) ( c. 287 BC – c 212 BC was a Greek mathematician, Physicist, Engineer Archimedes of Syracuse ( Greek:) ( c. 287 BC – c 212 BC was a Greek mathematician, Physicist, Engineer
The rim bears the name of the prizewinner.
In popular culture
In the 1998 film Good Will Hunting, the antagonist, Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgård) is a Fields Medalist who encounters a mathematical prodigy Will Hunting (Matt Damon), whom he encourages to use his genius to contribute greatness to the world. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Good Will Hunting is a 1997 film directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck, both of whom star in the (ˈstɛlːan ˈskɒːʂgɔɖ in Swedish or "Skashgord" born 13 June 1951 is a Swedish Film Actor, known for his roles in Breaking Matthew Paige Damon (born October 8 1970 is an American Actor and Philanthropist.
In the 2008 Futurama movie The Beast with a Billion Backs, Professor Wernstrom retorts to Professor Farnsworth, "Tough talk for someone with only one Fields Medal. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Futurama is an Emmy Award -winning animated American sitcom created by Matt Groening, and developed by Groening and Futurama The Beast with a Billion Backs is an animated Science-fiction Comedy, the second of the four Futurama straight-to-DVD Professor Hubert J Farnsworth (born April 9 2841, New New York City New New York, USA) is a Fictional character appearing in the "
See also
Notes
- ^ "2006 Fields Medals awarded" (October 2006). A list of famous Prizes Medals and Awards including cups trophies, Bowls Badges State decorations etc Notices of the American Mathematical Society 53 (9). Notices of the American Mathematical Society is a membership journal of the American Mathematical Society. American Mathematical Society. The American Mathematical Society (AMS is an association of professional Mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship which
- ^ Reclusive Russian turns down math world's highest honour. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) (2006-08-22). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2006-08-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert.
- ^ a b "Maths genius turns down top prize", BBC, 2006-08-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2006-08-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
- ^ Kenneth Chang. "Journeys to the Distant Fields of Prime", New York Times, 2007-03-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving
- ^ Jackson, Allyn (10 2004). "As If Summoned from the Void: The Life of Alexandre Grothendieck" (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society 51 (9): 1198. Notices of the American Mathematical Society is a membership journal of the American Mathematical Society.
- ^ Margulis biography, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. Accessed 27 August 2006.
- ^ Wiles, Andrew John, Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 27 August 2006.
- ^ Fields Medal Prize Winners (1998), 2002 International Congress of Mathematicians. Accessed 27 August 2006.
- ^ Notices of the AMS, November 1998. Vol. 45, No. 10, p. 1359.
- ^ Nasar, Sylvia; Gruber, David. "Manifold Destiny: A legendary problem and the battle over who solved it.", The New Yorker, 21 August 2006. The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-08-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River
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