Fibronectin 1
PDB rendering based on 1e88. The Protein Data Bank ( PDB) is a repository for 3-D structural data of Proteins and Nucleic acids These data typically obtained by X-ray crystallography
Available structures: 1e88, 1e8b, 1fbr, 1fna, 1fnf, 1fnh, 1j8k, 1o9a, 1oww, 1q38, 1qgb, 1qo6, 1ttf, 1ttg, 2cg6, 2cg7, 2cku, 2fn2, 2fnb, 2gee, 2h41, 2h45, 2ha1
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	FN1; CIG; DKFZp686F10164; DKFZp686H0342; DKFZp686I1370; DKFZp686O13149; FINC; FN; LETS; MSF
External IDs	OMIM: 135600 MGI: 95566 HomoloGene: 1533
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2335	14268
Ensembl	ENSG00000115414	ENSMUSG00000026193
Uniprot	P02751	Q3UZF9
Refseq	NM_002026 (mRNA) NP_002017 (protein)	NM_010233 (mRNA) NP_034363 (protein)
Location	Chr 2: 215.93 - 216.01 Mb	Chr 1: 71.52 - 71.59 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

Fibronectin is a high-molecular-weight extracellular matrix glycoprotein containing about 5% carbohydrate that binds to membrane spanning receptor proteins called integrins. The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome The Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI website is run by The Jackson Laboratory. HomoloGene, a tool of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI is a system for automated detection of homologs (similarity attributable to descent The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful Federated search engine or Web portal that allows users to search many discrete Health sciences Ensembl is a joint scientific project between the European Bioinformatics Institute and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, which was launched in 1999 in response to the imminent UniProt is the uni versal prot ein resource a central repository of Protein data created by combining Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL PubMed is a free search engine for accessing the MEDLINE database of citations and abstracts of biomedical research articles Not to be confused with Peptidoglycan. Glycoproteins are proteins that contain Oligosaccharide chains ( Glycans) covalently attached Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most In Biochemistry, a receptor is a Protein molecule embedded in either the Plasma membrane or Cytoplasm of a cell to which a mobile signaling Integrins are Cell surface receptors that interact with the Extracellular matrix (ECM and mediate various intracellular signals. In addition to integrins, they also bind extracellular matrix components such as collagen, fibrin and heparan sulfate. Integrins are Cell surface receptors that interact with the Extracellular matrix (ECM and mediate various intracellular signals. In Biology, the extracellular matrix ( ECM) is the Extracellular part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support to the cells Collagen is the main Protein of Connective tissue in Animals and the most abundant protein in Mammals making up about 50% of the whole-body protein Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a Protein involved in the clotting of blood Heparan sulfate (HS is a linear Polysaccharide found in all animal tissues ^[1]

Fibronectin can be found in the blood plasma in its soluble form which is composed of two 250 kDa subunits joined together by disulfide bonds. Blood plasma is the Liquid component of Blood, in which the Blood cells are suspended The unified atomic mass unit ( u) or Dalton ( Da) or sometimes universal mass unit, is an unit of Mass used to express In Chemistry, a disulfide bond is a single Covalent bond derived from the coupling of Thiol groups Plasma fibronectin is made in the liver by hepatocytes. Hepatocytes make up 70-80% of the Cytoplasmic mass of the Liver. The insoluble form that was formerly called cold-insoluble globulin is a large complex of cross-linked subunits.

There are several isoforms of fibronectin all of which are the product of a single gene. The structure of these isoforms are made of three types of repeated internal regions called I, II and III which exhibit different lengths and presence or absence of disulfide bonds. Alternative splicing of the Pre-mRNA leads to the combination of these three types of regions but also to a variable region. Precursor mRNA ( pre-mRNA) also termed heterogeneous nuclear RNA ( hnRNA) is an immature single strand of messenger ribonucleic acid ( MRNA

Fibronectin is involved in the wound healing process and so can be used as a therapeutic agent. Wound healing, or wound repair, is the body's natural process of regenerating dermal and epidermal tissue. It is also one of the few proteins for which production increases with age without any associated pathology. Fibronectin is also found in normal human saliva, which helps prevent colonization of the oral cavity and pharynx by potentially pathogenic bacteria.

Contents 1 Fibronectin and cancer 2 Structure of fibronectin 3 Functions of fibronectin 4 References 5 Further reading 6 See also 7 External links

Fibronectin and cancer

Fibronectin has been implicated in carcinoma development. ^[2] In lung carcinoma, fibronectin expression is increased, especially in non–small cell lung carcinoma. The adhesion of lung carcinoma cells to fibronectin enhances tumorigenicity and confers resistance to apoptosis induced by standard chemotherapeutic agents. Fibronectin has been shown to stimulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which is capable of controlling the expression of cyclin D and related genes involved in cell cycle control. This suggests that fibronectin promotes lung tumor growth/survival and resistance to therapy and could represent a novel target for the development of new anticancer drugs.

Structure of fibronectin

Fibronectin is composed of two similar polypeptide chains of approximately 30 modules. Peptides (from the Greek πεπτίδια, "small digestibles" are short Polymers formed from the linking in a defined order of α- Amino These polypeptide chains are attached by disulfide bridges, and are folded into a linear series of 5 or 6 functional units. These functional units contain interaction sites for other Extracellular components or cell surface molecules.

Functions of fibronectin

Other than the ones stated previously, Fibronectin has numerous functions that ensure the normal functioning of life. One of its more notable functions is its role as a 'guide' in cellular migration pathways in mammalian development, particularly the Neural Crest (ectoderm cells that will develop into skin pigment cells as well as some bones of the skull). The neural crest, a transient component of the Ectoderm, is located in between the Neural tube and the epidermis (or the free margins of the Neural folds The ectoderm is the start of a tissue that covers the body surfaces Fibronectin helps maintain the shape of cells by lining up and organizing intracellular cytoskeleton by means of receptors. cytoskeleton (also CSK is a cellular " Scaffolding " or " Skeleton " contained within the Cytoplasm. It helps stabilize the attachment of ECM (Extracellular matrix) to cells by acting as binding sites for cell surface receptors. In Biology, the extracellular matrix ( ECM) is the Extracellular part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support to the cells More generally though, Fibronectin helps create a cross-linked network within the Extracellular Matrix by having binding sites for other ECM components. Fibronectin also serves as a plasma opsonin.

References

Further reading

See also

• Fetal fibronectin
• Fibronectin type II domain

External links

• The Fibronectin Protein
• MeSH Fibronectin
• Fibronectin molecular interactions

Fetal fibronectin (fFN is a Protein produced by fetal cells and a type of Fibronectin. Fibronectin type II domain is a Collagen -binding Protein domain. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books

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