Fergus mac Róich (son of Ró-ech or "great horse"; also mac Róig, mac Rossa) is a character of the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. Texts in translation Most of the important Ulster Cycle tales can be found in the following publications Thomas Kinsella, The Táin, Oxford University The Mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved shorn of its religious meanings Formerly the king of Ulster, he is tricked out of the kingship and betrayed by Conchobar mac Nessa, and becomes the ally and lover of Conchobar's enemy queen Medb of Connacht, and leads her expedition against Ulster in the Táin Bó Cúailnge. The Ulaid (pron /'ʊləɣ′/ were a people of early north-eastern Ireland, who gave their name to the modern province of Ulster: modern Irish Cúige Conchobar mac Nessa (son of Ness) is the king of Ulster in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. Medb ( Old Irish spelling mɛðv Meḋḃ Meaḋḃ modern Meadhbh mɛɣv reformed modern Irish Meabh, Meːv sometimes Anglicised Maeve or Maev The name Fergus (later Irish Fearghus) means "man-strength" or "virility", and Fergus is described as being of enormous size and sexual potency. ^[1]

King of Ulster

Fergus becomes king of Ulster after his predecessor, Eochaid Sálbuide, is killed, along with the High King Fachtna Fáthach, by Eochu Feidlech in the Battle of Leitir Ruad. Eochaid Sálbuide (Eochaid Yellow-heel was king of Ulster prior to the events of the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. A High King of Ireland ( Ard Rí na hÉireann) is a historical or legendary figure who claimed lordship over the whole of Ireland. Fachtna Fáthach ("the wise" son of Cas (or Ross son of Rudraige, was according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition a High King of Ireland Eochu or Eochaid Feidlech ("the enduring" son of Finn, was according to medieval Irish legends and historical traditions a High King of Ireland ^[2] While king, he desires Eochaid Sálbuide's daughter Ness, but she will only consent to sleep with him if he allows her seven-year-old son Conchobar to be king for a year, so his sons will be the sons of a king. Ness (also written Neas, Nessa) is a princess of the Ulaid and the mother of Conchobar mac Nessa in the Ulster Cycle of Irish The nobles of Ulster reassure him that the boy will be king in name only, so Fergus agrees, but Conchobar, with his mother's help, rules so wisely that the nobles make him king permanently in Fergus's place. ^[1] Fergus remains Conchobar's loyal retainer, and becomes the foster-father of Conchobar's eldest son Cormac Cond Longas and nephew Cúchulainn. Fosterage, the practice of a family bringing up a child not their own differs from Adoption in that the child's genetic parents not the foster-parents remain the Cormac Cond Longas ( Connlongas, Connloinges, "Exiled Prince" was the eldest son of Conchobar mac Nessa by his own mother Ness, in Cúchulainn /kuːˈxʊlɪnʲ/ ( ( Irish for "Hound of Culann " also spelled Cú Chulainn, Cú Chulaind, Cúchulain, or

Fergus' exile

Conchobar's intended bride, Deirdre, elopes with the young warrior Naoise and his two brothers, and after some time of wandering they are tracked down to an island off Scotland. Deirdre or Derdriu is the foremost tragic heroine in Irish mythology. In Irish mythology, Naoise (also spelled Noisiu) was the nephew of King Conchobar mac Nessa of Ulster, and a son of Usnech (or Conchobar announces he has forgiven them and sends Fergus, Cormac, Dubthach Dóeltenga, and Fergus' son Fíachu, to offer them safe conduct home. In the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology, Dubthach Dóeltenga ("beetle-tongue" Beetles being proverbially black was a cynical ally of Fergus Naoise and his brothers swear they will eat no food until they dine with Conchobar at Emain Macha. Navan Fort should not be confused with Navan in County Meath. Conchobar, however, orders the Ulstermen to invite Fergus, Cormac and Dubthach to feasts, and as it is shameful to refuse hospitality they cannot refuse. Fergus is separated from his charges, and Fíachu is left to escort them to Emain alone. When they arrive, Fíachu, Naoise and his brothers are murdered by Éogan mac Durthacht, a former enemy of Conchobar who has recently made peace with him. Éogan mac Durthacht is king of Fernmag (Farney county Monaghan) in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. After hearing of this betrayal, Fergus, Cormac and Dubthach burn Emain Macha and defect to Connacht with three thousand followers, where they enter the service of king Ailill and queen Medb. Ailill ( Aillell, Oilioll) mac Máta was king of Connacht and husband of Medb in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology Medb ( Old Irish spelling mɛðv Meḋḃ Meaḋḃ modern Meadhbh mɛɣv reformed modern Irish Meabh, Meːv sometimes Anglicised Maeve or Maev Conchobar forcibly marries Deirdre, who later commits suicide after he offers her to Éogan. ^[3]

Flidais, wife of Ailill Finn, a petty king of a district of Connacht, falls in love with Fergus from afar. Flidais is a figure in Irish mythology, a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann. Fergus and Dubthach visit Ailill Finn, claiming to have fallen out with Ailill and Medb, and provoke him to battle. However, he proves difficult to defeat, beating Dubthach in single combat and holding out against a siege of his stronghold. Fergus is only able to defeat him when Ailill arrives with the army of Connacht. After that, Fergus marries Flidais. ^[4] It is said that unless he could have Flidais, it took seven women to satisfy him. ^[1] He also becomes Medb's lover, and she is said to have needed thirty men to satisfy her if she couldn't have Fergus. ^[5]

The Táin Bó Cúalnge

When Ailill and Medb raise a huge army and launch the Táin Bó Cúailnge (Cattle Raid of Cooley) to steal Ulster's stud bull, Donn Cúailnge, Fergus' knowledge of the terrain means he is chosen to lead the way. The Cooley Peninsula is a hilly Peninsula in County Louth, Ireland, which includes towns such as Omeath, Carlingford and Greenore In the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology Donn Cúailnge, the Brown Bull of Cooley, was an extremely fertile stud bull over whom the Táin Bó Cúailnge He leads the army by a roundabout route, hoping to give the Ulstermen time to raise their own army, but they are disabled by a curse. He sends a message to Cúchulainn, who begins his single-handed defence of the province.

The Connacht army separates, with Ailill leading one section, and Medb and Fergus leading the other. Ailill is suspicious, and sends his charioteer to spy on them. The charioteer finds Fergus and Medb having sex, and unnoticed, steals Fergus' sword, which Ailill keeps safe as proof. Fergus makes himself a dummy sword of wood to hide his loss. Cúchulainn holds up the army's progress by fighting a series of champions in single combat. Fergus is sent to face him, but as foster-father and foster-son, neither wants to fight the other, and in any case Fergus has no sword. Cúchulainn agrees to yield on this occasion, on the condition that Fergus yields the next time they meet.

Eventually the Ulstermen recover from their curse, and the final battle begins. Ailill gives Fergus back his sword. Fergus meets Conchobar on the battlefield, and has him at his mercy, but is prevented from killing him by Cormac. He redirects his rage into cutting off the tops of three hills with his sword. Cúchulainn, who has so far sat out the battle, recuperating from his wounds, enters the fray and challenges Fergus. Fergus honours his promise and yields, pulling his followers from the field. Medb's other allies, seeing him withdraw, panic and begin to retreat. The Connacht army is routed, and Fergus bitterly remarks, "It is the usual thing for a herd led by a mare to be strayed and destroyed. "^[6]

Decline and death

After the death of Conchobar, some of the Ulstermen propose inviting him home to be their king, but they ultimately decide to appoint Cormac, Conchobar's son and Fergus' foster-son, who is also in exile in Connacht. Cormac promises to remain friendly with Ailill and Medb, and sets out for Ulster. Fergus remains in Cruachan. Cruachan ( Cruachu, Cruachain, Ráth Cruachain) is the ancient capital of the kingdom of Connacht, and the seat of Medb and her On his journey, Cormac discovers a Connacht war-party raiding Ulster, and Cormac reluctantly attacks and defeats them. Word gets back to Medb, who sends her army after him, while keeping Fergus occupied. Eventually he hears what is happening and sets off in his chariot, but arrives too late - Cormac is already dead. ^[7]

One day, after Fergus has been in exile for fourteen years, Ailill sees him swimming in a lake with Medb, and is overcome with jealousy. He tells his brother, Lugaid Dalleces, who is blind, that deer are playing in the water, and persuades him to throw a spear at them. He does so, and the spear hits Fergus in the chest. He climbs out of the water and throws the spear back, killing Ailill's deer-hound, before dying. His death-tale relates that he had killed Éogan mac Durthacht, but this story is lost. ^[8]

Other legends

The story is told that, in the 6th century, the poet Senchán Torpéist gathered the poets of Ireland together to see if any of them knew the story of the Táin Bó Cúailnge, but they all only knew parts of it. His son Muirgen came to Fergus' grave and spoke a poem, and Fergus' ghost appeared to him and related the events of the Táin as they happened. ^[9]

The Ciarraige, an early medieval people who gave their name to County Kerry, traced their ancestry to Ciar, a son of Fergus and Medb. County Kerry ( Contae Chiarraí in Irish) is a southwestern county of Ireland. Another legendary Ulster king, Fergus mac Léti, is regarded as a double of Fergus mac Róich: both die in water,^[10] and are associated with the sword Caladbolg. Fergus mac Léti (also mac Léte, mac Léide, mac Leda) was according to Irish legend and traditional history a king of Ulster. Caladbolg ("hard belly" or possibly "hard lightning" sometimes written Caladcholg ("hard blade" is the Sword Another legendary Fergus, Fergus Foga of the Corcu Óchae of Munster, is identified with Fergus mac Róich by T. F. O'Rahilly. Fergus is a popular Irish, Manx and Scottish Given name. It is both the Old Irish spelling and the anglicised form of the modern Munster ( Irish: An Mhumhain, ənˈvuːnʲ Cúige Mumhan or Mumha) is the southernmost of the four Provinces of Ireland. Thomas Francis O'Rahilly, Irish name Tomás Proinsias Ó Rathaile (1883–1953 was an influential scholar of the Celtic languages, particularly in the ^[11]

References