Prof. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche (September 19 1909 in Wiener Neustadt, Austria-Hungary &ndash – March 27 1998 in Zell am See, Austria) mainly Tiger I ( is the common name of a German heavy Tank of World War II. Tiger II is the common name of a German Heavy tank of the Second World War. The Panzerjäger Tiger (P Elefant (SdKfz 184 was a Panzerjäger ( tank hunter) of the German Wehrmacht in The German National Prize for Art and Science (Ehrenzeichen des Deutschen Nationalpreises für Kunst und Wissenschaft was an award created by Adolf Hitler in 1937 Dr. Ing h. c. Ferdinand Porsche^[1] (September 3, 1875 – January 30, 1951) was an Austrian automotive engineer. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Modern automotive engineering is a branch of Vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software He is best known for his contributions to advanced German tank designs: Tiger I, Tiger II and the Elefant. Tiger I ( is the common name of a German heavy Tank of World War II. Tiger II is the common name of a German Heavy tank of the Second World War. The Panzerjäger Tiger (P Elefant (SdKfz 184 was a Panzerjäger ( tank hunter) of the German Wehrmacht in Adolf Hitler honored Porsche in 1937 when he was awarded the German National Prize for Art and Science, one of the rarest decorations in the Third Reich. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately The German National Prize for Art and Science (Ehrenzeichen des Deutschen Nationalpreises für Kunst und Wissenschaft was an award created by Adolf Hitler in 1937

Porsche's son, Ferry Porsche, is the eponym for Porsche automobiles, initially based to a large extent on the Volkswagen (Beetle) design. Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche (September 19 1909 in Wiener Neustadt, Austria-Hungary &ndash – March 27 1998 in Zell am See, Austria) mainly Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen

Early years

Ferdinand Porsche was born to German-speaking parents in Maffersdorf near Reichenberg in northern Bohemia, then belonging to Austria-Hungary (today Czech Republic). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Vratislavice nad Nisou (Maffersdorf is a district of the city of Liberec, in the north of the Czech Republic. Liberec ( pronounced, Reichenberg Romany: Libertsis) has been since 1918 a City in Czechoslovakia, since 1993 in the Czech Republic Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia,

He showed high aptitude for mechanical work at a very young age. He managed to attend classes at the Imperial Technical School in Reichenberg (Liberec) at night while helping his father in his mechanical shop by day. Liberec ( pronounced, Reichenberg Romany: Libertsis) has been since 1918 a City in Czechoslovakia, since 1993 in the Czech Republic Thanks to a referral, Porsche landed a job with the Béla Egger Electrical company in Vienna when he turned 18. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. In Vienna he would sneak into the local university after working whenever he could. Beyond auditing classes there, Porsche had never received any higher engineering education. During his five years with Béla Egger, Porsche first developed the electric hub motor. A hub motor is an electric motor built directly into the hub of a wheel

In 1898, Porsche joined the Vienna-based factory Jakob Lohner & Co, that produced coaches for Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, as well as for the kings of Norway, Sweden, and Romania. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Franz Joseph I Karl (- German, in English Francis Joseph I Charles, see the name in other languages) (18 August 1830 &ndash 21 November Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of Jakob Lohner had begun construction of automobiles in 1896 under Ludwig Lohner in the trans-Danubian suburb of Floridsdorf. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Floridsdorf is the 21st district of Vienna, Austria, located in the northern part of the city

Their first design, unveiled in 1898, was the "System Lohner-Porsche", a carriage-like car driven by two electric motors, directly fitted to the front wheels, and powered by batteries. An electric motor uses Electrical energy to produce Mechanical energy. [1] This drive train construction was easily expanded to four-wheel drive, by simply mounting two more electric motors to the rear wheels as well, and indeed such a specimen was ordered by the Englishman E. Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four" is a four-wheeled Vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four Wheels to W. Hart in 1900. In December of that year, the car was presented at the Paris World Exhibition under the name Toujours-Contente. The Exposition Universelle of 1900 was a World's fair held in Paris, France, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate Even though this one-off vehicle [2] had been commissioned for the purposes of racing and record-breaking, the 1,800 kg of lead acid batteries it required graphically illustrated the limits of this powertrain concept. Lead-acid batteries, invented in 1859 by French Physicist Gaston Planté, are the oldest type of Rechargeable battery. Although it "showed wonderful speed when it was allowed to sprint", the weight of its huge battery pack meant that it was singularly reluctant to climb hills.

The Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid

Still employed by Lohner, Porsche reached the logical conclusion and in 1901 introduced the 'Mixte' vehicle/transmission concept: instead of a massive battery-pack, an internal combustion engine was fitted to a generator to drive the electric hub motors and (for vehicle reliability) a small battery pack. The Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid was one of the earliest Hybrid vehicles developed in 1901 by Ferdinand Porsche. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a A hub motor is an electric motor built directly into the hub of a wheel This way Porsche had created the first petroleum electric hybrid vehicle on record, although since sufficiently reliable gears and couplings weren't available at the time, he chose to make it a series-hybrid, an arrangement currently more common in diesel-electric or turbo-electric railway locomotives than automobiles. A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV is a Hybrid vehicle which combines a conventional propulsion system with a Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to propel the vehicle A number of vehicles use a diesel-electric Powertrain for providing locomotion. turbo-electric transmission uses Electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a Turbine ( steam or gas) into electric energy and

Although over 300 of the Lohner-Porsche chassis were sold until 1906, most of them were two-wheel drive—either front- or rear-wheel driven trucks, buses and fire-engines. No further four-wheel-drive passenger cars were manufactured, however some buses were fitted with it.

The up to 56 km/h (35 mph) fast carriages broke several Austrian speed records, and also won the Exelberg Rally in 1901 with Porsche himself piloting a front-wheel drive hybrid specimen. It was later upgraded with more powerful engines from Daimler and Panhard, which proved to be enough to post more speed records. Panhard is now a French manufacturer of light tactical and military vehicles In 1905, Porsche was recognized with the Poetting prize as Austria's most outstanding automotive engineer. Pötting is a municipality in the district of Grieskirchen in Upper Austria, Austria.

In 1902, he was drafted into military service. He served as a chauffeur to Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the crown prince of Austria whose assassination sparked World War I a mere decade later. Franz Ferdinand ( December 18, 1863 &ndash June 28, 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Imperial of World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Austro-Daimler

In 1906, Austro-Daimler recruited Porsche as their chief designer. Austro-Daimler was an Austrian Automaker company from 1899 until 1934 Porsche's best known Austro-Daimler car was designed for the Prince Henry Trial in 1910, named after Wilhelm II's younger brother Prince Heinrich of Prussia. The Prinz-Heinrich-Fahrt ( Prince Heinrich Tour) named after Prince Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia, was an automobile contest held from 1908 to 1911 and a precursor For the brother of King Frederick II of Prussia see Prince Henry of Prussia (1726-1802 Examples of this streamlined, 85 horsepower (63 kW) car won the first three places, and the car is still better known by the nickname "Prince Henry" than by its model name "Modell 27/80".

Porsche had advanced to Managing Director by 1916 and received the honorary doctorate degree, "Dr. A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement techn h. c. " from the Vienna University of Technology in 1917 (hence the "Dr. Vienna University of Technology is one of the major universities in Vienna, the capital of Austria. Ing h. c" in his name, meaning "Doktor Ingenieur Honoris Causa"). Porsche successfully continued to construct racing cars, winning 43 out of 53 races with his 1922 design. In 1923, Porsche left Austro-Daimler after differences ensued about the future direction of car development.

Only a few months later Porsche landed a new job as Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft's Technical Director in Stuttgart, Weimar Germany, which was already then a major hub for the German automotive industry. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft ( Daimler Motor Company, DMG was a German Engine and later Automobile manufacturer in operation from 1890 Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 He received another honorary doctorate from the Stuttgart Technical University for his work at Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in Stuttgart and later the honorary title Professor. The University of Stuttgart ( German Universität Stuttgart) is a university located in Stuttgart, Germany. While at Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, he came up with several very successful race car designs. The heavy series of models equipped with superchargers that later culminated in the Mercedes-Benz SSK dominated its class of motor racing in the 1920s. The Mercedes-Benz SSK is a Roadster built by German Automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz between 1928 and 1932

In 1926, Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft and Benz & Cie merged into Daimler-Benz, with their joint products beginning to be called, Mercedes-Benz. Karl Friedrich Benz, sometimes spelled Carl, ( November 25, 1844, Karlsruhe, Germany – April 4, 1929, Ladenburg Daimler-Benz AG was a German manufacturer of automobiles motor vehicles and engines which was founded in 1926 Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the Porsche's concept of a small, light-weight Mercedes-Benz car was not popular with Daimler-Benz's board, however. He left in 1929 for Steyr, but the Great Depression brought about Steyr's economic collapse and Porsche ended up being unemployed. Steyr is a town in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria, located at the confluence of the rivers Steyr and Enns.

In April 1931 Porsche founded his consulting firm, Dr. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche GmbH, Konstruktionen und Beratungen für Motoren und Fahrzeugbau, in Stuttgart, where he returned. Porsche successfully recruited several old co-workers he befriended at his former places of employment including Karl Rabe, Erwin Komenda, Franz Xaver Reimspiess, and his son, Ferry Porsche. Karl Rabe ( October 29 1895 - October 28 1968) helped Ferdinand Porsche to develop the Porsche 's transmissions Erwin Komenda ( April 6, 1904 - August 22, 1966) was the designer of the bodies for the VW Beetle and various Porsche Franz Xaver Reimspiess (German Reimspieß (born 1900-1979 was an engineer Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche (September 19 1909 in Wiener Neustadt, Austria-Hungary &ndash – March 27 1998 in Zell am See, Austria) mainly Their first project was the design of a middle class car for Wanderer. Wanderer was a German manufacturer of Bicycles, Motorcycles, Automobiles, vans and other Machinery Established Other commissioned designs followed. As the business grew, Porsche decided to work on his own design as well, which happened to be a reincarnation of the small car concept from his days at Daimler-Benz in Stuttgart. He financed the project with a loan on his life insurance. Later Zündapp decided to help sponsor the project, but lost interest after their success with motorcycles. Zündapp was a famous German Motorcycle Brand. The company was originally founded in 1917 in Nuremberg by Fritz Neumeyer together NSU then took over the sponsorship, but also lost interest due to the high tooling costs. NSU Motorenwerke AG, (normally just NSU) was a German manufacturer of cars and Motorcycles which was founded in 1873 After that, no one seemed interested in the project until Adolf Hitler made it his agenda to motorize the nation and that every German should own either a car or a tractor in the future. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately A tractor is a Vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high Tractive effort at slow speeds for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used

In June 1934, Porsche received a contract to build three prototypes based on his design. The three cars were completed in winter 1936. The original car design follows the innovative ideas of Hans Ledwinka, which resulted in a lawsuit by Tatra, against Porsche and his collaborators; settled by Volkswagen only several years after the WWII. Hans Ledwinka born in Klosterneuburg ( Lower Austria) 14 February 1878, died in Munich ( Germany } 2 March Daimler-Benz was contracted to build an additional 30 prototypes. Daimler-Benz AG was a German manufacturer of automobiles motor vehicles and engines which was founded in 1926 A new city, "Stadt des KdF-Wagens", near Fallersleben was founded for the factory. Fallersleben is a district in the City of Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, with a population of 12000 (as of 2004 The city is named Wolfsburg today and is still the seat of Volkswagen.

About the same time, Porsche designed a racing car for Auto Union to compete with Daimler-Benz in Grand Prix motor racing from 1934 onwards. Auto Union was an amalgamation of four German Automobile manufacturers established in 1932 in Zwickau, Saxony, during the Great Depression Grand Prix motor racing has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as far back as 1894 The V16-powered car became known by the name P-Wagen and was both innovative and successful. The dominance of the Silver Arrows of both brands was only stopped by the outbreak of World War II in 1939. Silver Arrows (in German Silberpfeile) was the name given by the press to Germany's dominant Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union Grand Prix motor racing World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Porsche became involved with the construction of the factory in Wolfsburg. He handed over his racing projects to his son, Ferry.

Porsche also accepted further projects from Nazi Germany, including the design and construction of panzers and other military vehicles such as the Tiger Tank and the Elefant tank destroyer. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers A panzer, pronunced, is a German Tank, especially in the context of World War II. The Panzerjäger Tiger (P Elefant (SdKfz 184 was a Panzerjäger ( tank hunter) of the German Wehrmacht in

Post war

In November 1945 after the war, Porsche was asked to continue the design of the Volkswagen in France and to move the factory equipment there as part of war reparations. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. War reparations refer to the monetary compensation intended to cover damage or injury during a war Differences within the French government and objections from the French automotive industry put a halt to this project before it had even begun. On 15 December 1945, French authorities arrested Porsche, Anton Piëch, and Ferry Porsche as war criminals. Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche (September 19 1909 in Wiener Neustadt, Austria-Hungary &ndash – March 27 1998 in Zell am See, Austria) mainly War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied While Ferry was set free soon, Ferdinand and Anton were held in a Dijon prison for 20 months without trial. Dijon ( diʒɔ̃ is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or departement and of the Bourgogne region

While his father was in captivity, Ferry tried to keep the company in business, and they also repaired cars, water pumps, and winches. A winch is a mechanical device that is used to pull in (wind up or let out (wind out or otherwise adjust the " Tension " of a Rope or Wire rope A contract with Piero Dusio was completed for a Grand Prix motor racing car, the Type 360 Cisitalia. Piero Dusio ( October 13, 1899 – November 7, 1975) was an Italian soccer player businessman and racing driver Grand Prix motor racing has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as far back as 1894 Cisitalia was an Italian sports and racing car constructor The name "Cisitalia" derives from "Consorzio The innovative 4WD design never went into races, but the money it raised for Porsche was used to redeem Ferdinand Porsche from French prison.

The company also started work on a new design, the Porsche 356, the first car to carry the Porsche brand. The Porsche 356 was the company's first production automobile The company was located in Gmünd in Carinthia at the time, to which they had evacuated from Stuttgart to avoid Allied bomb raids. Gmünd is a Town and municipality in Spittal an der Drau District, Carinthia, Austria. Carinthia (Kärnten Koroška is the southernmost Austrian state or Land. The company started manufacturing the Porsche 356 in an old saw mill in Gmünd. They manufactured 49 cars, which were built entirely by manual labor.

The Porsche family returned to Stuttgart in 1949 not knowing how to restart their business. The banks did not give credits as the company's plant was still under American embargo and could not be taken as security. So Ferry Porsche took one of the limited series 356 models from Gmünd and visited Volkswagen dealers to raise some orders. He asked the dealers to pay for the ordered cars in advance. ^[2] He even wrote a letter to the bank's director to thank him for refusing.

The serial version made in Stuttgart had a steel body welded to the central-tube platform chassis instead of the aluminum body used in the small Gmünd-made series. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 WikipediaNaming When Ferry Porsche reanimated the company he thought of series figures of about 1,500 to be produced. More than 78,000 Porsche 356's were manufactured in the following 17 years.

Porsche was later contracted by Volkswagen for additional consulting work and received a royalty on every Volkswagen Type I (Beetle) car manufactured. Royalties (sometimes running royalties) are usage-based payments made by one party (the "licensee" to another (the "licensor" for ongoing use of an This provided Porsche with a comfortable financial situation as more than 20 million Type I were built.

In November 1950, Porsche visited the Wolfsburg Volkswagen factory for the first time since the end of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Porsche spent his visit chatting with Volkswagen president Heinrich Nordhoff about the future of VW Beetle, which were already being produced in large numbers. Heinz Heinrich Nordhoff ( 6 January 1899 &ndash 12 April 1968) was a German Engineer famous for his leadership of The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen

A few weeks later, Porsche suffered a stroke. A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain He did not fully recover, and died on January 30, 1951. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January

In 1996, Porsche was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame and in 1999 posthumously won the award of Car Engineer of the Century. The International Motorsports Hall of Fame is a Hall of Fame dedicated to enshrining those who have contributed the most to Auto racing either as a driver owner The Car Engineer of the Century was an international award given to the most influential car engineer of the twentieth century

References

• PEOPLE: FERDINAND PORSCHE. grandprix. com.
• Prescott Kelly. The Automotive Century: Most Influential People: Ferdinand Porsche. Auto History Online.

External links

• West Ham's Cedes Stoll Trolleybus Porsche design
• Porsche facts website