Ferdinand Lassalle (April 11, 1825 — August 31, 1864) was a German jurist and socialist political activist. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change
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Early life
Lassalle came from a prosperous Jewish family in Breslau, Prussia; his father was a silk-merchant and intended his son for a business career, sending him to the commercial school at Leipzig. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia The Province of Prussia (Provinz Preußen was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1829-1878 created out of the provinces of East Prussia and This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Lassalle himself, however, had other plans and got himself transferred to university, first in Breslau and afterwards in Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. His favourite studies were philology and philosophy; he became a close follower of Hegel. See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Having completed his university studies in 1845, he began to write a work on Heraclitus from the Hegelian point of view; but it was soon interrupted and was not published until 1858. Heraclitus of Ephesus ( Ancient Greek: &mdash grc-Latn ''Hērákleitos ho Ephésios'' English Heraclitus the Ephesian) (ca
It was in Berlin, towards the end of 1845, that he met Countess Sophie von Hatzfeldt. She had been separated from her husband for many years, and had problems with him on questions of property and the custody of their children. Lassalle attached himself to the countess's cause, made special study of law, and, after bringing the case before thirty-six tribunals, reduced the count to a compromise on terms favourable to his client. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Tribunal is a generic term for any body acting judicially whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title
The court case, which lasted ten years, gave rise to some scandal, especially that of the Cassettengeschichte (Casket Affair), which pursued Lassalle all the rest of his life. This arose out of an attempt by the countess's friends to get possession of a bond for a large life annuity settled by the count on his mistress, Baroness von Meyendorff, to the disadvantage of the countess and her children. Two of Lassalle's comrades succeeded in carrying off the casket, which contained jewels, from the baroness's room at a hotel in Cologne. They were prosecuted for theft, one of them being condemned to six months imprisonment. Lassalle, accused of moral complicity, was acquitted on appeal.
Lassalle took part in the revolutions of 1848-49; as a result he underwent a year's imprisonment in 1849 for resistance to the authorities of Düsseldorf and was banned from living in Berlin. " Germany " at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 States loosely bound together in the German Confederation. Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Until 1859 Lassalle resided mostly in the Rhineland, dealing with the suit of the countess, and finishing the work on Heraclitus. The Rhineland ( Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. In this time he was not much involved in political agitation, but remained interested in the labour movement.
Return to Berlin
In 1859 Lassalle returned to Berlin, entering the city disguised as a carter, and, through the influence of Alexander von Humboldt with the king, received permission to stay there. (September 14 1769 &ndash May 6 1859 was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister philosopher and linguist The same year he published a pamphlet on the war in Italy and how Prussia should act: he warned Prussia against going to the rescue of Austria in her war with France. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. He pointed out that if France drove Austria out of Italy it would be able to annex Savoy, but would not be strong enough to prevent Italian unification under King Victor Emmanuel. For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Prussia, he said, should form an alliance with France to drive out Austria and also to gain power in Germany. In 1861 Lassalle published System der erworbenen Rechte (System of Acquired Rights) on this subject.
Founding of the ADAV
In early 1862, the struggle had begun between Otto von Bismarck and the liberals in Prussia. Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898) Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal Lassalle believed that the liberal politician Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch's co-operative schemes on the principle of self-help were utterly inadequate to improve the condition of the working classes. Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch ( August 29, 1808 - April 29, 1883) German Economist, was born at Delitzsch in Prussian Lassalle himself had a fashionable, extravagant lifestyle, but now he threw himself into a new career as a political agitator, travelling around Germany, giving speeches and writing pamphlets, in an attempt to organise and rouse the working class.
Although Lassalle was a member of the Communist League, his politics were strongly opposed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Friedrich Engels (28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895 was a German social scientist and philosopher, who Marx and Engels thought that Lassalle was not a true Communist as he directly influenced Bismarck's government (in secret albeit) on the issue of universal suffrage, among others. Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to Élie Halévy would later write on this situation:
| “ | Lassalle was the first man in Germany, the first in Europe, who succeeded in organising a party of socialist action. Élie Halévy ( September 6, 1870 - August 21, 1937) was a French Philosopher and Historian who wrote studies Nevertheless, if he had not unfortunately been born a Jew, Lassalle could also be hailed as a forerunner in the vast halls where National Socialism is acclaimed to-day. . . When in 1866 Bismarck founded the Confederation of Northern Germany on a basis of universal suffrage, he was acting on advice which came directly from Lassalle. The North German Confederation (Norddeutscher Bund came into existence in August 1866 as a military alliance of 22 states of northern Germany with the Kingdom of And I am convinced that after 1878, when he began to practise "State Socialism" and "Christian Socialism" and "Monarchial Socialism," he had not forgotten what he had learnt from the socialist leader. [1] | ” |
As a result, when Lassalle founded the Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (General German Workers' Association, ADAV) on May 23, 1863, Marx's supporters in Germany did not join it. The General German Workers' Association, in German Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein, ADAV was founded on 23 May 1863 by Ferdinand Lassalle Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Lassalle was the first president of the ADAV, which was the first German labour party, from 23 May 1863 to 31 August 1864. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year This party later became the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
The SDP was formed in 1875, when the ADAV merged with the SDAP (Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany), to a great extent due to Lassalle's efforts. The Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany, in German Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, SDAP was a German left-wing political Lassalle wanted to participate in German politics. Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel, who were Marxists and opposed reformist politics, also joined the party. Wilhelm Liebknecht ( March 29, 1826 &ndash August 7, 1900) was a German Social democrat, one of the founders of the August Ferdinand Bebel ( February 22 1840 &ndash August 13 1913) was a German social democrat and one of the founders of the Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. From its founding, the Social Democratic Party was divided between those who advocated reform and those who advocated revolution.
Death
In Berlin, Lassalle had met a young woman, Hélène von Dönniges, and in the summer of 1864 they decided to marry. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year She, however, was the daughter of a Bavarian diplomat then resident at Geneva, who would have nothing to do with Lassalle. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Hélène was imprisoned in her own room, and soon, apparently under pressure, renounced Lassalle in favour of another admirer, Count von Racowitza. Bajor Janko Prince von Racowitza (died 1865 was a nobleman from Wallachia, who participated in a notable duel on 28 Lassalle sent a challenge both to the lady's father and to Racowitz, which was accepted by the latter. At the Carouge, a suburb of Geneva, a duel took place on the morning of August 28, 1864. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Lassalle was mortally wounded, and he died on August 31. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne The final events of his life were described in George Meredith's novel The Tragic Comedians (1880). George Meredith, OM ( February 12, 1828 &ndash May 18, 1909) was an English Novelist and Poet during He is buried in Breslau (now Wrocław), in the old Jewish cemetery. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia
Publications
- Die Philosophie Herakleitos des Dunklen von Ephesos (Berlin, 1858) (The philosophy of Heraclitus the Dark Philosopher of Ephesus)
- Franz von Sickingen (1859)
- Über Verfassungswesen (On constitutional systems)
- Arbeiterprogramm (Workers' programme)
- Offenes Antwortschreiben an das Zentralkomitee zur Berufung eines Allgemeinen Deutschen Arbeiter-Kongresses zu Leipzig (Open letter answering the Central Committee on the convening of a General German Workers' Congress in Leipzig)
- Zur Arbeiterfrage (On the labour issue)
- Arbeiterlesebuch (Reading book for workers)
- Herr Bastiat-Schulze von Delitzsch, der ökonomische Julian, oder Kapital und Arbeit. (Mr Bastiat-Schulze von Delitzsch, the Julian of Economy, or Capital and Labour)
External links
- Ferdinand Lassalle as a social reformer, 1893, by Eduard Bernstein. Eduard Bernstein ( January 6 1850 December 18 1932) was a German social democratic theoretician and
- The Working Man's Programme: (Arbeiter-programm) By Ferdinand Lassalle
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- ^ Halévy, Élie; Wallas, May (1941). Élie Halévy ( September 6, 1870 - August 21, 1937) was a French Philosopher and Historian who wrote studies "The Age of Tyrannies". Economica, 8 (29): 77-93. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lassalle, Ferdinand |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | German jurist, socialist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 11, 1825 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Breslau, Silesia |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 31, 1864 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Carouge, Geneva |
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