| Feodosiya Феодосія Феодосия Kefe | |||
| |||
  Feodosiya | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country |  Ukraine | ||
| Territory | Crimea | ||
| Region | Feodosiya municipality | ||
| Elevation | 50 m (164 ft) | ||
| Population | |||
| - Total | 73,857 | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Postal code | 98100 — 98175 | ||
| Area code(s) | +380-6562 | ||
Feodosia (Ukrainian: Феодосія, Теодосія, Russian: Феодосия, Crimean Tatar: Kefe, Greek: Theodosia) is a port and resort city in Crimea, Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым Theodosia city municipality (Феодосійська міськрада Феодосийский горсовет Kefe şeer şurası officially "the territory governed by the The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Crimean Tatar language (Qırımtatar tili Qırımtatarca also known as Crimean (Qırım tili Qırımca and Crimean Turkish (Qırım Türkçesi is the language Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo A resort is a place used for Relaxation or Recreation, attracting visitors for Holidays or Vacations Resorts are places towns or sometimes Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The name is often spelled as Feodosiya and sometimes as Theodosia (according to transliteration from Greek: Θεοδoσία). Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
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History
The city was founded under the name of Theodosia (Θεοδοσία) by Greek colonists from Miletos in the 6th century BC. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Miletus (mī lē' təs ( Ancient Greek: Μίλητος literally Transliterated Milētos, Latin Miletus) was an Ancient The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Noted for its rich agricultural lands, on which its trade depended, it was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th century AD. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century
Theodosia remained a minor village for much of the next nine hundred years. It was at various times part of the sphere of influence of the Khazars (excavations have revealed Khazar artifacts dating back to the ninth century) and of the Byzantine Empire. A sphere of influence ( SOI) is an area or region over which an organization or state exerts some kind of indirect cultural economic military or political domination "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər.
Like the rest of Crimea, it fell under the domination of the Kipchaks and was conquered by the Mongols in the 1230s. Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым
Caffa
In 1204–1261 and 1296–1307 Kaffa was temporarily under Genoa's rival doge state's—Venetian—rule.
In the late 13th century, traders from Genoa arrived and purchased the town from the ruling Golden Horde. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English This article refers to the medieval Turkic state For the Irish rock band see The Golden Horde (band. They established a flourishing trading settlement called Caffa (or Kaffa), which virtually monopolised trade in the Black Sea area and served as the chief port and administrative centre for the Genoese settlements around the Sea. It came to house one of Europe's biggest slave markets. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another
Under Genoa since 1266, it was governed by a Genoese consul, who since 1316 was in charge of all Genoese Black Sea colonies
It is believed that the devastating pandemic the Black Death entered Europe for the first time via Caffa in 1347, through the movements of the Golden Horde. A pandemic (from Greek παν pan all + δήμος demos people is an Epidemic of Infectious disease that spreads through The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest Pandemics in human history widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia After a protracted siege during which the Mongol army under Janibeg was reportedly withering from the disease, they catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls, infecting the inhabitants. Jani Beg (? — 1357 was a khan of the Golden Horde from 1342-1357 succeeding his father Uzbeg Khan. Fleeing inhabitants may have carried the disease back to Italy, causing its spread across Europe. However, the plague appears to have spread in a stepwise fashion, taking over a year to reach Europe from Crimea. Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым Also, there were a number of Crimean ports under Mongol control, so it is unlikely that Caffa was the only source of plague-infested ships heading to Europe. In addition, there were overland caravan routes from the East that would have been carrying the disease into Europe as well. [1]
Kefe
Because the Genoese started intervening in the internal affairs of the Crimean Khanate, a Turkish vassal, the Ottoman commander Gedik Ahmet Pasha seized the city in 1475. The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Gedik Ahmet Pasha was a distinguished Ottoman grand vizier as well as an army and navy commander during the reigns of sultans Mehmed the Conqueror and Beyazid All the non muslim inhabitants of Caffa were deported to Istanbul, where a mosque still today remembers in its name (Kefeli Mosque: in Turkish "Mosque of the Caffariotes") the city. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger The Kefeli Mosque ( Turkish: Kefeli Camii, meaning "the mosque of the Caffariotes" after the inhabitants of the city of Caffa in Crimea Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages.
Renamed Kefe, Caffa became one of the most important Turkish ports on the Black Sea.
Later
Ottoman control ceased when the expanding Russian Empire conquered the whole Crimea in 1783. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or It was renamed Feodosiya (Феодосия) in 1802, a Russian version of the ancient Greek name. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the
The city was captured twice by the forces of Nazi Germany during World War II, sustaining significant damage in the process. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
The jewish population numbering 3. 248 before the German occupation was murdered by SD-Einsatzgruppe D between November 16 and Dezember 15, 1941. Einsatzgruppen ( German: "task forces" "intervention groups" were Paramilitary groups formed by Heinrich Himmler and [1]
In 1954, it was transferred to the administrative control of the Ukrainian SSR with the rest of Crimea. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its
The city today
Modern Feodosiya is a popular resort city with a population of about 85,000 people. It has beaches, mineral springs, and mud baths, and is renowned for its many sanatoria and rest homes. Apart from tourism, its economy rests on agriculture and fisheries, with local industries including fishing, brewing and canning. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Brewing is the production of Alcoholic beverage and Alcohol fuel through fermentation. Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food is processed and sealed in an airtight container As is the case in much of the rest of the Crimea, most of its population is ethnically Russian and the Ukrainian language is relatively little used there. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. In June 2006, Feodosiya made the news in connection with the Crimean anti-NATO protests of 2006. The Crimean anti-NATO protests of 2006 were series of political demonstrations in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine, against United States
Feodosiya has a charm. It's not a big place. City is empty in the off-season time. Most of cafes and restaurants are closed. Season starts from approximately the second half of June. High season is July and August. This time city is overcrowded, but not too overcrowded. Most of tourists, like any other resort in Crimea are from former Soviet Union (Russia and Ukraine mostly).
Places to see: Charming embankment, Ayvazovsky picture Gallery (situated just on embankment, near a train station), Genoa fortress (if you stay on embankment towards a Black Sea, just turn to the right and walk a distance around 1 km. )
Miscellanea
- Feodosiya is known as the city where the seascape painter Ivan Aivazovsky lived and worked all his life. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Иван Константинович Айвазовский Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի - Hovhannes Aivazovsky July 29,
- It is also the town where the general Pyotr Kotlyarevsky and the writer Alexander Grin spent the declining years of their lives. Pyotr Stepanovich Kotlyarevsky ( June 21, 1782 – November 2, 1852) was a Russian military hero of Alexander Grin (Александр Грин August 23, 1880 – July 8, 1932) was a Russian writer notable for his romantic novels and
- The town is well known as a birth place of the Russian Aviation, mountain "planernaya" is still being used for para-gliding.
See also
References
[1] Wheelis, Mark (September 2002). This is a list of Greek place names. That is a list of the names of places as they exist in the Greek language. "Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa". Emerging Infectious Diseseases 8 (9): 971-75.
- ^ Martin Gilbert, The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust, 2002, pp. 64, 83
External links
- Pictures of Feodosiya Pictures of Crimea from Sergey Sorokin - private mountain guide
- WorldStatesmen- Ukraine
- Ancient Theodosia and its Coinage
- Guide to Feodosia and surrounding places of interest
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