A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. Historically, the term fellow was also used to describe a man, particularly by those in the upper social classes. A man is a Male Human. The term man (irregular plural Nowadays, it is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who work together as peers in the pursuit of knowledge or practice.
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Academia
Research fellow
- See also: Research fellow
The title of research fellow is used to denote an academic research position at a university or similar institution. The title of research fellow is used to denote an academic research position at a University or similar institution
Emeritus title in the UK
The title fellow might be given to an academic member of staff upon retirement who continues to be affiliate to a university institution in the United Kingdom.
Oxford, Cambridge, and other Colleges
At Colleges of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and Trinity College, Dublin, full fellows form the governing body of the College, although they may elect a Council to handle day-to-day management. A residential college is an organisational pattern for a division of a University that places academic activity in a Community setting of students and faculty usually The University of Oxford comprises 38 Colleges and 6 religious Permanent Private Halls (PPHs which are autonomous self-governing This is a list of the colleges within the University of Cambridge. Trinity College Dublin ( TCD; Irish Coláiste na Tríonóide Baile Átha Cliath; Latin: Collegium Sacrosanctae et Individuae Trinitatis Reginae In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, school governors are members of a school's Governing Body All fellows are entitled to certain privileges within their College, which may include dining at High Table (free of charge) and possibly the right to a room in College (free of charge). At Oxford, Cambridge, and Durham colleges - and other more traditional academic institutions - High Table is a table for the use of Fellows
There are a number of types of fellow:
- Research fellows are researchers, whose salaries or stipends are paid by a College from the income of its endowment. The title of research fellow is used to denote an academic research position at a University or similar institution A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested Some of the less affluent Colleges do not pay their research fellows a salary, instead award fellowships to researchers already employed by the University.
- At Oxford, college tutors are fellows, who are paid to provide small-group teaching to a college's undergraduates. The position is typically a joint appointment (there are a variety of types) with the University.
- At Cambridge, teaching officers (lecturers, readers, and professors) are entitled to a college fellowships. Lecturer is a term of Academic rank. In the United Kingdom lecturer is the name given to University Teachers in their first permanent In the academic hierarchy in the United Kingdom and some universities in Australia and New Zealand, reader is the rank between Senior lecturer The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies For lecturers and readers, the process is competitive – generally the most able academics get fellowships at the richest and most prestigious Colleges. Professors are allocated to Colleges by a centralised process to ensure fairness. These fellows may or may not provide small-group teaching to undergraduates in the College, for which they would be paid by the hour. College fellows at Cambridge (except for research fellows) have no duties as such and are not paid. They will typically have a salaried post either with their College or the University.
- At Cambridge, a praelector is a fellow of a college, who formally presents students during the matriculation and graduation ceremony. A praelector is a traditional role at the colleges of either the Universities of Cambridge or Oxford.
Most Cambridge Colleges grant fellowships for life after a qualifying period. Retired academics may therefore remain as fellows. In Oxford on retirement a Governing Body fellow would normally be elected a 'fellow emeritus' and would leave the Governing Body. Distinguished old members of the college, or its benefactors and friends might also be elected 'Honorary Fellow', normally for life; but beyond limited dining rights this is merely an honour. Most Oxford Colleges have 'Fellows by Special Election' or 'Supernumerary Fellows' who may be members of the teaching staff, but not necessarily members of the Governing Body.
US Medical Training
- See also: Fellowship (medicine)
In US medical institutions, a fellow refers to someone who has completed residency training (e. A fellowship is the period of medical training that a Physician may undertake after completing a specialty training program. g. in internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery, etc. ) and is currently in a 1 to 3 year subspecialty training program (e. g. cardiology, pediatric nephrology, transplant surgery, etc. ).
Graduate school fellowships
- See also: Scholarship
In the context of graduate school in the United States and Canada, a fellow is a recipients of a fellowship. A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual student scholar for the purpose of furthering their Education A graduate school or ("grad school" is a school that awards advanced degrees such as doctoral degrees with the general requirement that students must have earned The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Examples are the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, Guggenheim Fellowship, and the Presidential Management Fellowship. The National Science Foundation- Graduate Research Fellowship Program (NSF-GRFP is a grant provided by the National Science Foundation to fund graduate research in certain areas Guggenheim Fellowships are American grants that have been awarded annually since 1925 by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who The Presidential Management Fellows (PMF program is a two year paid government fellowship sponsored by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM for recent graduate students
Academia administration
Harvard University
- See also: President and Fellows of Harvard College
At Harvard and some other universities in the United States, "fellows" are members of the Board of Trustees who hold administrative positions as non-executive trustee rather than academics. The President and Fellows of Harvard College (also known as the Harvard Corporation) is the more fundamental of Harvard University 's two governing boards A board of governors is usually the governing board of a public entity
Cambridge and Oxford Colleges
Some senior administrators of a college such as bursars are made fellows, and thereby become members of the governing body, because of their importance to the running of a College. A Bursar is a senior professional financial administrator in a School or University.
Secondary Education
Teaching fellows in the US
- See also: Teaching assistant
The term used, in the United States, the high school and middle school setting for students or adults that assist a teacher with one or more classes [1]. A teaching assistant (TA is a junior Scholar employed on a temporary contract by a College or University in teaching-related responsibilities
Learned or professional societies
Fellows are the highest grade of membership of most professional societies (see for example, the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators. A professional body or professional organization also known as a professional association or professional society is an organization usually Non-profit, that exists The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators is a London based membership organisation for arbitrators for the promotion and facilitation of dispute resolution Lower grades are referred to as members (who typically share voting rights with the fellows), or associates (who may or may not, depending on whether "associate" status is a form of full membership).
How a fellowship is acquired varies for each society, but may typically involves some or all of these:
- A qualifying period in a lower grade
- Nomination by two existing fellows who know the applicant professionally
- Evidence of continued formal training post-qualification
- Evidence of substantial achievement in the subject area
- Submission of a thesis or portfolio of works which will be examined
Exclusive learned societies such as the Royal Society have Fellow as the only grade of membership, others like the Faculty of Young Musicians (now defunct) have members holding the post of Associate and posts Honoris Causa. A learned society is an Organization that exists to promote an Academic discipline or group of disciplines The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660
Industry
Large corporations in research and development-intensive industries (IBM or Sun Microsystems in information technology, and Boston Scientific in Medical Devices for example) appoint a small number of senior scientists and engineers as fellows. The phrase research and development (also R and D or more often R&D) according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support The Boston Scientific Corporation ( (abbreviated BSC is a worldwide developer Manufacturer and marketer of medical devices whose products are used in a range of interventional Fellow is the most senior rank or title one can achieve on a technical career, though some fellows also hold business titles such as vice president or chief technology officer. Career is a term defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as an individual's "course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life" __FORCETOC__ For the Vice President of the United States, their roles and other information see Vice President of the United States. A chief technical officer or chief technology officer (abbreviated as CTO) is an executive position whose holder is focused on scientific and technical issues within
See also
Notes and references
Academic organizations typically have a rather rigid set of Ranks Those listed below refer specifically to universities, although Colleges and other institutions may A don is a fellow or Tutor of a College or University, especially traditional collegiate universities such as Oxford and Cambridge Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter.Dictionary
fellow
-noun
- A companion; a comrade; an associate; a partner; a sharer.
- A man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble or mean man.
- An equal in power, rank, character, etc.
- One of a pair, or of two things used together or suited to each other; a mate; the male.
- A person; an individual.
- In the English universities, a scholar who is appointed to a foundation called a fellowship, which gives a title to certain perquisites and privileges.
- In an American college or university, a member of the corporation which manages its business interests; also, a graduate appointed to a fellowship, who receives the income of the foundation.
- A member of a literary or scientific society; as, a Fellow of the Royal Society.
- The most senior rank or title one can achieve on a technical career in certain companies (though some fellows also hold business titles such as vice president or chief technology officer). This is typically found in large corporations in research and development-intensive industries (IBM or Sun Microsystems in information technology, and Boston Scientific in Medical Devices for example). They appoint a small number of senior scientists and engineers as Fellows.
-adjective
- Having common characteristics; being of the same kind, or in the same group
-verb
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