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Federico Fellini

Born January 20, 1920(1920-01-20)
Rimini, Italy
Died October 31, 1993 (aged 73)
Rome, Italy
Years active (1950 - 1990)
Spouse(s) Giulietta Masina (1921-1994)

Federico Fellini, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI[1] (January 20, 1920 – October 31, 1993) was an Italian film director. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Giulia Anna (Giulietta Masina ( February 22 1921 &ndash March 23 1994) was a famous Italian Film actress who Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) There are currently five Italian orders of merit (Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana that recognise contributions to the Italian Republic. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. Known for a distinct style which meshes fantasy and baroque images, he is considered as one of the most influential and widely revered film-makers of the 20th century.

Fellini's works garnered numerous awards, including four Oscars, two Silver Lions, a Palme d'Or and a grand prize at the Moscow International Film Festival. The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the Academy Awards of Merit, popularly known as the Oscars handed out annually by the U The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, Moscow International Film Festival (abbreviated as MIFF) is the second oldest festival in the world after the Venice Film Festival.

Contents

Biography

In August 1918, Fellini's mother, Ida Barbiani (1896-1984) married a traveling salesman and wholesale vendor named Urbano Fellini (1894-1956) in a civil ceremony (with the religious celebration the following January). Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Wholesaling is the sale of Goods or Merchandise to Retailers to industrial commercial institutional or other professional Business users A vendor or a supplier is a Supply chain management term meaning anyone who provides goods or services to a company Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After Fellini's birth in 1920, two more children arrived: Riccardo (1921-1991) and Maria Maddalena (m. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Fabbri; 1929-2002). Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Urbano Fellini was originally from Gambettola, where the young Federico vacationed at his grandparents' house for several years. Gambettola is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90

Born and raised in Rimini, Fellini's childhood experiences would later play an important part in many of his films, in particular, I vitelloni (1953), 8½ (1963) and Amarcord (1973). Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. I vitelloni ( 1953) is an Italian and French Comedy drama Film directed by Federico Fellini. 8½ (pronounced Amarcord (1973 directed by Federico Fellini, is a semi- Autobiographical coming-of-age tale that combines poignancy with bawdy comedy It is misleading, however, to assume that all his films contain autobiographical anecdotes and fantasies. Intimate friends, such as screenwriters Tullio Pinelli and Bernardino Zapponi, cinematographer Giuseppe Rotunno and set designer Dante Ferretti have insisted on how Fellini invented his own memories simply for the pleasure of narrating them in his films. Tullio Pinelli (born June 24, 1908) is an award-winning screenwriter best known for his work on the Federico Fellini classics I vitelloni Bernardino Zapponi (1927- February 11 2000 was an Italian novelist and screenwriter best known for his films written in collaboration with Federico Fellini. Giuseppe Rotunno, ASC AIC (born March 19, 1923 in Rome) is an Italian Cinematographer. Dante Ferretti (born February 26 1943) is an Italian Academy Award winning Art director and Costume Designer [2]

During Mussolini's Fascist regime, Fellini and his brother, Riccardo, were part of the Avanguardista, the fascist youth group that every adolescent Italian male was obliged to join. The term Italian Fascism denotes the totalitarian Fascismo political movement that ruled Italy from 1922 until 1943 under leader Benito Mussolini After moving to Rome in the spring of 1939, Fellini landed a well-paid job writing articles for the hugely popular satirical weekly, Marc’Aurelio. It was at this time that he interviewed Aldo Fabrizi, inaugurating a friendship that would lead to professional collaboration and radio work. Aldo Fabrizi ( Rome, November 1, 1905 - Rome, April 2, 1990) was a famous Italian comic Actor and Of conscription age since 1939, Fellini had nonetheless managed to avoid being drafted through a suite of clever ruses. Commenting on this turbulent epoch, Fellini biographer Tullio Kezich notes that although "the Marc'Aurelio period was happy, the happiness masked a phase of shameless political apathy. Many living under the Mussolini dictatorship during its last years experienced the schizophrenic tug between official loyalty to the regime and the intrinsic freedom of humor. "[3]

In 1942, Fellini met Giulietta Masina, and a year later, on October 30, 1943, they were married. Giulia Anna (Giulietta Masina ( February 22 1921 &ndash March 23 1994) was a famous Italian Film actress who Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thus began one of the great creative partnerships in world cinema. Several months after their marriage, Masina fell down the stairs and suffered a miscarriage. Then, on March 22, 1945, Pierfederico (nicknamed Federichino) was born but died a mere month later on April 24. These family tragedies affected the couple in profound ways, particularly in the conception of La strada (1954). [4]

The fascist regime fell on July 25, 1943, and the Allies liberated Rome on June 4, 1944. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During that euphoric summer, Fellini set up the Funny-Face Shop with his friend De Seta, drawing caricatures of Allied soldiers for money. It was here that Roberto Rossellini came to see Fellini about his project, titled Rome, Open City (1945). Roberto Rossellini ( May 8 1906 – June 3 1977) was an Italian Film director. Rome Open City ( Italian: Roma città aperta) ( 1945) is an Italian war Drama film, directed by Roberto Rossellini wanted the young man to introduce him to Aldo Fabrizi and collaborate on the script (with Suso Cecchi D'Amato, Piero Tellini, and Alberto Lattuada). Fellini accepted, contributing gags and dialogue.

In 1993, Fellini received an Oscar "in recognition of his cinematic accomplishments that have thrilled and entertained audiences worldwide. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. " That same year, he died of a heart attack in Rome at the age of 73, a day after his fiftieth wedding anniversary on October 31st. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 His wife, Giulietta Masina, died six months later of lung cancer on March 23 1994. Giulia Anna (Giulietta Masina ( February 22 1921 &ndash March 23 1994) was a famous Italian Film actress who Fellini, Giulietta Masina and their son Pierfederico are buried in the same bronze tomb sculpted by Arnaldo Pomodoro. Arnaldo Pomodoro is an Italian Sculptor. He was born on 23 June 1926, in Morciano, Romagna, Italy Shaped like a ship's prow in the water, the tomb is located at the main entrance to the Cemetery of Rimini. Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini.

The Federico Fellini International Airport in Rimini is named in his honor. Federico Fellini International Airport is an Airport located at Miramare, 8 kilometres (5 miles away from the city of Rimini, Italy and Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini.

Filmmaking career

Variety Lights (1950), Fellini's first film, was co-directed with the more experienced director, Alberto Lattuada. Variety Lights ( Luci del varietà) is a 1950 Italian film directed and produced by Federico Fellini. Alberto Lattuada ( 13 November 1914 - 3 July 2005) was an Italian Film director. The film is a charming backstage comedy set amongst the world of small-time traveling performers, a world Fellini knew well after working on Roberto Rossellini's Paisà in 1946. Roberto Rossellini ( May 8 1906 – June 3 1977) was an Italian Film director. Paisà is a 1946 Italian film directed by Roberto Rossellini. While the film shoot was an exhilarating one for the 30-year-old Fellini, its release to poor reviews and limited distribution proved a disaster for all concerned. The production company went bankrupt, leaving both Fellini and Lattuada with debts to pay for over a decade. [5]

Fellini's first solo-directed film was The White Sheik (1952). The White Sheik ( Lo sceicco bianco) is a 1952 film by Federico Fellini starring Leopoldo Trieste, Alberto Sordi, and Starring Alberto Sordi, the film is a revised version of a treatment first written by Michelangelo Antonioni in 1949 and based on the fotoromanzi, the very popular photographed cartoon strip romance magazines published in Italy at the time. Alberto Sordi, also known as Albertone, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( June 15 1920 - February 25 2003) was an Italian Michelangelo Antonioni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( September 29 1912 &ndash July 30 2007) was an Italian Modernist Producer Carlo Ponti had commissioned Fellini and Tullio Pinelli to develop the treatment. Carlo Ponti ( 11 December 1912 – 10 January 2007) was an Italian Film producer with over 140 production credits Finding the finished screenplay perplexing, Antonioni gave it to Alberto Lattuada who also turned it down. Fellini then decided to take the plunge and direct the film himself.

Working on the new script with Fellini and Pinelli was playwright Ennio Flaiano (who also co-wrote Variety Lights with Fellini and Lattuada). Together, they crafted a now classic tale of a newly-wed couple whose outward appearance of respectability is demolished by the fantasies of the immature wife (convincingly portrayed by Brunella Bovo). For the first time, Fellini and his composer, Nino Rota, worked together on the film's score. Nino Rota ( December 3, 1911 &ndash April 10, 1979) was an Italian Composer best known for his work on Film scores Having met in Rome in 1945, their collaboration continued successfully until Rota's death during the making of the ill-fated City of Women in 1980. City of Women (Italian La città delle donne) is a 1980 film written and directed by Federico Fellini. This exceptional artistic relationship has been memorably described as one of "empathy, irrationality and magic. "[6]

A major discovery for Fellini after his Italian neorealism period (1950-1959) was the work of Carl Jung, whom he first read in 1961 under the supervision of noted Jungian psychoanalyst, Ernst Bernhard. Italian neorealism is a style of film characterized by stories set amongst the poor and Working class, filmed on location frequently using nonprofessional Actors Jung's seminal ideas on the anima and the animus, the role of archetypes and the collective unconscious, were vigorously explored in such classics as 8½ (1963), Juliet of the Spirits (1965), Satyricon (1969), Casanova (1976) and City of Women (1980). 8½ (pronounced Juliet of the Spirits (Italian Giulietta degli spiriti) is a 1965 Surrealist drama film about an Italian housewife directed by Federico Satyricon ( Fellini Satyricon) is a 1969 Italian film by Federico Fellini. Fellini's Casanova ( Il Casanova di Federico Fellini) is a 1976 Academy Award -winning Italian film by director Federico Fellini City of Women (Italian La città delle donne) is a 1980 film written and directed by Federico Fellini. [7]

Fellini's films were widely acclaimed, and four of his films won the Best Foreign Film Oscar: La strada (1954); Le Notti di Cabiria (1957); 8½ (1963) and Amarcord (1973). "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Nights of Cabiria ( Le notti di Cabiria) ( 1957) is an Italian Film directed by Federico Fellini. 8½ (pronounced Amarcord (1973 directed by Federico Fellini, is a semi- Autobiographical coming-of-age tale that combines poignancy with bawdy comedy La dolce vita (1960) was also awarded the Palme d'Or at Festival de Cannes and is considered a quintessential film of the 1960's cinema. The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, La dolce vita also coined the term paparazzi to the language. Paparazzi is a plural term ( paparazzo being the singular form for Photographers who take unstaged and/or candid photographs of Celebrities The term derives from Marcello Rubini's (played by Marcello Mastroianni) photographer friend Paparazzo. Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (September 28 1924 &ndash December 19 1996 was an Italian film actor [8] In 1990, Fellini won the prestigious Praemium Imperiale awarded by the Japan Art Association. The Praemium Imperiale ( jap 高松宮殿下記念世界文化賞 Takamatsu no miya denka kinen sekai bunka-shō lit Considered as the equivalent of the Nobel Prize, the award covers five disciplines: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Music, and Theatre/Film. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Past winners include Akira Kurosawa, David Hockney, Pina Bausch and Maurice Béjart. David Hockney, CH, RA, (born 9 July 1937 is an English Artist, based in Los Angeles California, United States Philippine "Pina" Bausch (born July 27, 1940 in Solingen, Germany) is a Modern dance choreographer and a leading Maurice Béjart ( January 1, 1927 – November 22, 2007) was a French and Swiss Choreographer who ran the

Other work

In 1948, Fellini acted in Roberto Rossellini's Il miracolo with Anna Magnani. Roberto Rossellini ( May 8 1906 – June 3 1977) was an Italian Film director. Anna Magnani ( 7 March 1908 &ndash 26 September 1973) was an Academy Award -winning Italian Stage and Film To play the role of a silent rogue who is mistaken by Magnani for a saint, Fellini had to bleach his black hair blond. Fellini also wrote scripts for radio shows and movies (most notably for Rossellini, Pietro Germi, Eduardo De Filippo and Mario Monicelli) as well as numerous and often uncredited gags for well known comic actors like Aldo Fabrizi. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Pietro Germi ( September 14, 1914 - December 5, 1974) was an Italian Actor, Screenwriter, and Eduardo De Filippo, often called simply Eduardo ( 24 May, 1900 - 31 October 1984) was an Italian actor playwright screenwriter Mario Monicelli (born May 15, 1915) is an Italian director and screenwriter one of the masters of the Commedia all'Italiana Aldo Fabrizi ( Rome, November 1, 1905 - Rome, April 2, 1990) was a famous Italian comic Actor and A gifted caricaturist, Fellini produced satirical drawings in pencil, watercolors and colored felt pens that toured Europe and North America, and which are now eagerly sought after by collectors. Much of the inspiration for his sketches was derived from his own dreams while the films-in-progress stimulated drawings for decor, costumes and set designs (just as it was for Sergei Eisenstein whose own drawings share striking affinities with Fellini's work). Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн January 23, 1898 &ndash February 11, 1948) was [9]

In 1991, Fellini's graphic novel Trip to Tulum was translated into English by Stefano Gaudiano and published in the magazine Crisis with artwork by Milo Manara. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Milo Manara, byname of Maurilio Manara (born September 12, 1945 in Luson, Bolzano-Bozen) is an Italian Comic book [10]

In 1992, Fellini worked in close collaboration with Canadian director Damian Pettigrew on a long final interview for the cinematic portrait Fellini: I'm a Born Liar (2002). Damian Pettigrew (born in Quebec) is a Canadian Filmmaker and Multimedia artist, best known for his cinematic portraits of Balthus and Fellini I'm a Born Liar ( Fellini je suis un grand menteur) ( Fellini sono un gran bugiardo) is a 2002 French Documentary film The award-winning feature documentary has been described as the maestro's "spiritual testament" by Fellini biographer Tullio Kezich. Tullio Kezich ( Trieste 1928) is a distinguished Italian Film critic, Screenwriter and Playwright. [11]

Influence and legacy

A unique combination of memory, dreams, fantasy and desire, Fellini's films are deeply personal visions of society, often portraying people at their most bizarre. The term "Felliniesque" is used to describe any scene in which a hallucinatory image invades an otherwise ordinary situation.

Important contemporary filmmakers such as Woody Allen, David Lynch, Girish Kasaravalli, David Cronenberg, Stanley Kubrick, Martin Scorsese, [12] Tim Burton,[13] Pedro Almodovar,[14] Terry Gilliam[15] and Emir Kusturica[16] have all cited Fellini's influence on their work. Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1 1935 is an American Film director, Writer, Actor, Comedian, and David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Girish Kasaravalli (born 1950) (ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಕಾಸರವಳ್ಳಿ is a legendary movie director of international repute in Kannada David Paul Cronenberg OC, FRSC (born March 15, 1943) is a Canadian Film director and occasional Actor. Timothy "Tim" William Burton (born August 25 1958 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and Set designer, notable for the quirky Pedro Almodóvar Caballero (ˈpeð̞ɾo almoˈð̞oβ̞̞aɾ kaβ̞aˈʝeɾo (born September 24, 1949 in Calzada de Calatrava, Spain) is a Spanish Terrence Vance Gilliam (born 22 November 1940) is an American -born British Writer, Filmmaker, Animator and member Emir Nemanja Kusturica, OF ( Serbian Cyrillic: Емир Кустурица ˈku

Fellini's work was, and continues to be, a strong inspiration for the music and image of the rock band, the B-52s. They cited his influence from films such as "8 1/2," for their trademark bouffant hairstyles and retro-futuristic clothing styles. Most recently, his work was the main inspiration behind their latest album, "Funplex" (2008) with the song "Juliet of the Spirits. "

Polish director, Wojciech Has (1925-2000), whose two major films, The Saragossa Manuscript (1965) and The Hour-Glass Sanatorium (1973) are outstanding examples of modernist fantasies, has often been compared to Fellini for the sheer "luxuriance of his images" (Gilbert Guez in Le Figaro). The Saragossa Manuscript is the English title for Rękopis znaleziony w Saragosie, a Polish Film released in 1965, directed by The Hour-Glass Sanatorium ( Sanatorium Pod Klepsydrą) is a 1973 Polish film directed by Wojciech Has. Le Figaro is one of the leading French morning daily Newspapers Its editorial line is conservative and has generally been supportive of

In 2001, singer Fish released an album titled Fellini Days, taking inspiration for the lyrics and music from the works of Fellini. Derek William Dick, better known as Fish (born 25 April 1958, in Dalkeith, Midlothian) is a Scottish Progressive

Filmography as director

Links to Fellini's drawings related to single films

See also

Bibliographies

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ quirinale.it
  2. ^ See Bernardino Zapponi's memoir, Il mio Fellini (Roma:Marsilio Editori), 1995, and Fellini's own insistence on having invented his cinematic memories in I'm a Born Liar: A Fellini Lexicon, ed. Damian Pettigrew (New York: Abrams), 2003.
  3. ^ See Kezich, Fellini: His Life and Work, p. 36.
  4. ^ See Kezich, Fellini: His Life and Work, p. 157 and the filmed interview with Luigi Titta Benzi in Fellini: I'm a Born Liar (2003).
  5. ^ This information is found in Tullio Kezich, Federico Fellini: His Life and Work (New York: Faber & Faber), 2006, p. 114.
  6. ^ See Kezich, Fellini: His Life and Work, p. 125.
  7. ^ The influence of Jung and Italian popular culture such as the Corriere dei Piccoli on Fellini's style are closely examined in Peter Bondanella, The Cinema of Federico Fellini, (Princeton:Princeton University Press), 1992.
  8. ^ see http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053779/trivia
  9. ^ A selection and analysis of these working drawings are available in Pier Marco De Santi, I disegni di Fellini, (Roma: Editori Laterza), 1993. For comparing Fellini's graphic work with Eisenstein's, see S. M. Eisenstein, Dessins secrets (Paris: Seuil), 1999.
  10. ^ Elizabeth Bell supplied additional English translation for the Catalan Communications edition, selected by Publishers Weekly as one of the best trade paperbacks of 1990. Catalan Communications was a New York Publishing company operated by Bernd Metz which mainly focused on English-language translations of European Publishers Weekly, aka PW, is an American weekly trade News magazine targeted at Publishers Librarians
  11. ^ Cited in Kezich's forward to I'm a Born Liar: A Fellini Lexicon, (New York: Abrams), p. 5. In Fellini: His Life and Work, Kezich observes that "some consider Fellini yesterday's news, and still others expect that old age will bring an even higher vision and more useful prophecies. That theory seems almost confirmed by the suddenly quite serious and thoughtful interview that Fellini will give Canadian director Damian Pettigrew in April 1992, the maestro's last long intimate discussion" (p. 388).
  12. ^ See http://www.thecityofabsurdity.com/quotecollection/infl.html
  13. ^ See http://www.timburtoncollective.com/influences.html
  14. ^ See http://www.italymag.co.uk/life-culture-style/2007/films/almodovar-defends-italian-cinema-from-tarantino/
  15. ^ See http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/directors/03/gilliam.html
  16. ^ See http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1285/is_9_29/ai_55683952

External links


Persondata
NAME Fellini, Federico
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Director, screenwriter
DATE OF BIRTH January 20, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Rimini, Italy
DATE OF DEATH October 31, 1993
PLACE OF DEATH Rome, Italy
Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
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