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The 1941 February Strike, also known as 'The Strike of February 1941', was a general strike organized during World War II in The Netherlands against the anti-Jewish measures and activities by the Nazis. A statue is a Sculpture in the round representing a person or persons an animal or an event normally full-length as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west A general strike is a Strike action by a critical mass of the labour force in a city region or country World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Its direct causes were the razzias held by the Germans in the Jewish neighbourhood of Amsterdam. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The strike started on 25 February and was largely struck down the next day. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
The February Strike was the first direct action undertaken against the anti-Jewish measures of the Nazis in occupied Europe, and performed by non-Jewish citizens.
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Background
The Netherlands surrendered to Germany in May 1940, and the first anti-Jewish measures (the barring of Jews from the air-raid defence services) began in June 1940. These culminated in November 1940 in the removal of all Jews from public functions, including universities, which led directly to student protests in Leiden and elsewhere. "Leyden" redirects here For other uses see Leyden (disambiguation.
At the same time, there was an increasing feeling of unrest amongst workers in Amsterdam, especially the workers at the shipyards in Amsterdam-Noord, who were threatened with forced labour in Germany.
Cause
As tensions rose, the Dutch pro-nazi movement NSB and its streetfighting arm, the WA (Weerbaarheidsafdeling - defence section), were involved in a series of provocations in Jewish neighbourhoods in Amsterdam. The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland NSB was a Dutch Fascist and later national socialist This eventually led to a series of street battles between the WA and Jewish self-defence groups and their supporters, with as high point a pitched battle on February 11, 1941 on the Waterlooplein in which WA member Hendrik Koot was badly wounded. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Waterlooplein is a square in the centre of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, near the Amstel river He died of his injuries on February 14, 1941. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
On February 12, 1941, German soldiers, assisted by Dutch police, encircled the old Jewish neighbourhood and cordoned it off from the rest of the city by putting up barbed wire, opening bridges and putting in police checkpoints. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This neighbourhood was now forbidden for non-Jews.
On February 19, the German Grüne Polizei stormed into ice-cream salon Koco in the Van Woustraat. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum The Ordnungspolizei (Orpo was the name for the uniformed Regular German Police force in existence during the period of Nazi Germany, notably In the fight that ensued, several police officers were wounded. Revenge for this and other fights came in the weekend of February 22 and February 23, when a large scale razzia was undertaken by the Germans. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable 425 Jewish men, age 20-35 were taken hostage and eventually sent to the Buchenwald and Mauthausen concentration camps, where most of them died within the year. Buchenwald concentration camp (German Konzentrationslager or 'KZ' Buchenwald) was a Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg (Etter Mountain near Mauthausen is a small Market town in Upper Austria, Austria. It is located at about 20 kilometers east of the city of Linz, and has a population Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial
The strike
Following this razzia, on February 24, an open air meeting was held on the Noordermarkt to organise a strike to protest against the razzia as well as the forced labour in Germany. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the The Communist Party of the Netherlands, made illegal by the Germans, printed and spread a call to strike throughout the city the next morning. The Communist Party of the Netherlands ( Dutch: Communistische Partij Nederland, CPN was a Dutch communist Political party.
The first to strike were the city's tram drivers, followed by other city services as well as companies like De Bijenkorf and schools. De Bijenkorf (literally The Beehive is a chain of Upmarket Department stores in The Netherlands with its Flagship store on Dam Square Though the Germans immediately took measures to suppress the strike, which had grown spontaneously as other workers followed the example of the tram drivers, it still spread to other areas, including Zaanstad, Kennemerland and Utrecht. Zaanstad is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Kennemerland is a region in The Netherlands, near the coast in the province of North Holland. Utrecht ( city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht.
The strike did not last long. By February 27, much of it had been suppressed by the German police. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Although ultimately unsuccessful, it was still significant in that it was the first direct action against the Nazis' treatment of Jews.
Historiography
The book De februaristaking ("The February strike") by Historian Ben Sijes about the strike was published in 1954.
Remembrance
The strike is remembered each year on February 25, with a march past the Dokwerker, the memorial made for the strike in 1951 and first revealed in December 1952. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor This statue was made by Dutch sculptor Mari Andriessen. Mari Silverster Andriessen ( December 4, 1897 &ndash December 7, 1979) was a Dutch sculptor best known for his work memorializing victims All political parties, as well as the city public transport authorities and organisations of Holocaust survivors participate in the remembrance. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Although three communist organizers were shot to death after the strike and 12 communist organizers were sent to jails in Germany, during the cold war the communists were forced to remember the strike separately. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Many years officials denied publicly the organization of the strike by the communists.
Bibliography
- Jong, Dr. L. de [1966] (1985). De Bezetting, 3rd ed. (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Querido, pp 135-178. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Emanuel Querido ( August 6 1871, Amsterdam - July 23 1943, Sobibor) was a successful Dutch publisher as the founder ISBN 9021468980.
- Sijes, Dr. B. A. [1954] (1978). De Februaristaking, © Dutch Institute for War Documentation (in Dutch), Amsterdam: H. The Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD Dutch Institute for War Documentation is an Organisation in the Netherlands which maintains archives and Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west J. W. Becht. ISBN 9023002903.
- Presser, Dr. J. [April 1965] (December 1965). Ondergang, 6th ed. , The Hague: Staatsuitgeverij. ISBN 9012048931.
External links
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