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In the Christian liturgical calendar, there are several different feasts known as Feasts of the Cross, all of which commemorate the cross used in the crucifixion of Jesus. The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in Christian churches which determines when Advent (from the Latin word la ''adventus'' meaning "coming" is a season of the Christian church, the period of expectant waiting and preparation for the Christmastide (also Christmas or the Christmas season) is one of the seasons of the Liturgical year of most Christian churches Epiphany ( Greek for "to manifest" or "to show" is a Christian Feast day which celebrates the "shining forth" or revelation of Lent, in some Christian denominations, is the forty-day-long liturgical season of fasting and prayer before Easter. Easter Triduum, Holy Triduum, or Paschal Triduum is a term used by some Christian churches particularly the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastertide, or the Easter Season, or Paschal Time, is the period of fifty days from Easter Sunday to Pentecost Sunday The general and most common understanding of the Christian Doctrine of Ascension holds that Jesus bodily ascended to Heaven in the presence Pentecost (πεντηκοστή, pentekostē, "the fiftieth day" is one of the prominent feasts in the Christian Liturgical year, celebrated the Ordinary Time is a season of the Christian (especially the Catholic) Liturgical calendar The Nativity Fast, is a period abstinence and penance practiced by the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches, in preparation For depictions in painting and sculpture see Nativity of Jesus in art. Epiphany ( Greek for "to manifest" or "to show" is a Christian Feast day which celebrates the "shining forth" or revelation of Great Lent, or the Great Fast, is the most important Fasting season in the Church year in Eastern Christianity, which prepares Christians Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Pentecost (πεντηκοστή, pentekostē, "the fiftieth day" is one of the prominent feasts in the Christian Liturgical year, celebrated the The feast of the Resurrection of Jesus, called Pascha (Easter is the greatest of the feasts of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Transfiguration of Jesus is an event reported by the Synoptic Gospels in which Jesus is transfigured upon a mountain (,) The Dormition of the Theotokos ( Greek: Koimesis) is a Great Feast of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in Christian churches which determines when The True Cross is the name for physical remnants which by a Christian tradition are believed to be from the actual cross upon which Jesus was crucified Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) While Good Friday is dedicated to the Passion of Christ and the Crucifixion, these days celebrate the cross itself, as the instrument of salvation. Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" This article describes the Christian Passion For other meanings see Passion. In Theology, salvation can mean three related things being saved from or Liberation from something such as Suffering or the punishment of
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September 14
This feast is called in Greek Ὕψωσις τοῦ Τιμίου Σταυροῦ (literally, "Raising Aloft of the Precious Cross"). Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly In Latin it is called Exaltatio Sanctae Crucis (literally, "Raising Aloft of the Holy Cross. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. (The word "Exaltatio" is sometimes Anglicized as "Exaltation", at other times, as in the 1973 ICEL translation, as "Triumph". ICEL redirects here For similarly-named entities see Icel. The International Commission on English in the Liturgy was established on ) In some parts of the Anglican Communion the feast is called Holy Cross Day, a name also used by Lutherans. See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther
The feast commemorates the finding of the True Cross in 325 by Saint Helena, the mother of the Roman Emperor Constantine I (venerated in the Eastern Church as Saint Constantine) during a pilgrimage she made to Jerusalem. The True Cross is the name for physical remnants which by a Christian tradition are believed to be from the actual cross upon which Jesus was crucified Events By Place Roman Empire Gladiatorial combat is outlawed in the Roman Empire Saint Helena (Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta also known as Saint Helen, Helena Augusta or Helena of Constantinople (c The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was then built at the site of the discovery, by order of Helena and Constantine. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos The church was dedicated nine years later, with a portion [1] of the cross placed inside it. In 614, that portion of the cross was carried away from the church by the Persians, and remained missing until it was recaptured by the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius in 628. Events By Place Europe The Palace of Diocletian is damaged by the Avars who sack nearby Salona. layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox This is a list of the Emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians Heraclius, or Herakleios (Flavius Heraclius Augustus;) (c 575 - February 11, 641) was a Byzantine Emperor, who ruled the East Events By Place Europe Pippin of Landen becomes Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia. The cross was returned to the church the following year after initially having been taken to Constantinople by Heraclius. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS
The date used for the feast marks the dedication of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in 335. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos Events By Place Roman Empire 19 September — Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar. This was a two-day festival: although the actual Consecration of the church was on September 13, the cross itself was brought outside the church on September 14 so that the clergy and faithful could pray before the True Cross, and all could come forward to venerate it. Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service usually religious Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
Western practices
In Roman Catholic liturgical observance, red vestments are worn at church services conducted on this day, and if the day falls on a Sunday, its Mass is used instead of that for the occurring Sunday in Ordinary Time, what some would call a Sunday after Pentecost. The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry or simply the Très Riches Heures ( The Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry) is a very richly decorated The Château de Chantilly is a historic Château located in the town of Chantilly, France. Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religions especially the Latin Rite and other Roman Catholics The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. Ordinary Time is a season of the Christian (especially the Catholic) Liturgical calendar
Until 1962, the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday of the calendar week after the one in which September 14 falls were designated as one of each year's four sets of Ember days by the Church in the West. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. In the Liturgical calendar of the Western Christian churches, Ember days are four separate sets of three days within the same week&mdashspecifically the The organization of celebrations of this kind is now left up to the decision of Episcopal Conferences in view of local conditions and customs. In the Roman Catholic Church, an Episcopal Conference, Conference of Bishops, or National Conference of Bishops is an official assembly of all the
September 14 is the titular feast of the Congregation of Holy Cross and the Episcopal Church's Order of the Holy Cross. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. The Congregation of Holy Cross or Congregatio a Sancta Cruce (C This article deals with the Anglican Benedictine monastic community known as the Order of the Holy Cross This date also marks the beginning of the period of fasting, stipulated in the Rule of St. Albert to be followed by the religious of the Carmelite spiritual family, and ending Easter Sunday. The eremitic Rule of St Albert is the shortest of the rules of Consecrated life in existence in the Roman Catholic spiritual tradition The Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (sometimes simply Carmel by Synecdoche; Latin: Ordo fratrum Beatæ Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year.
Eastern practices
In Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic practice, the Universal Exaltation of the Precious and Life-creating Cross commemorates both the finding of the True Cross in 326 and its recovery from the Persians in 628, and is considered to be one of the Great Feasts of the church year. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Greek Byzantine Catholic Church is a Sui iuris Particular Church within the Catholic Church and uses the Byzantine liturgical rite The feast of the Resurrection of Jesus, called Pascha (Easter is the greatest of the feasts of the Eastern Orthodox Church. September 14 is always a fast day, even if it falls on Saturday or Sunday, and the eating of meat, dairy products and fish is prohibited. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Feast of the Exaltation has a one-day Forefeast and an eight-day Afterfeast. An Afterfeast is a period of celebration attached to one of the Great Feasts celebrated by the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches (roughly equivalent to An Afterfeast is a period of celebration attached to one of the Great Feasts celebrated by the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches (roughly equivalent to The Saturday and Sunday before and after September 14 are also commemorated with special Epistle and Gospel readings about the Cross at the Divine Liturgy. An epistle (pronounced) ( Greek επιστολη epistolē "letter" is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of persons usually a letter This article is about the canonical books of the New Testament The Divine Liturgy is the common term for the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy.
During the All-Night Vigil on the Eve of the Feast, a cross is placed on the Holy Table (altar) where it reposes during the Vigil. For the musical setting by Rachmaninoff, see All-Night Vigil (Rachmaninoff The All-night vigil is a service of the Eastern Orthodox An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place The cross is placed on a tray that has been covered with an Aër (liturgical veil) and decorated with fresh basil leaves and flowers, and a candle burns before it. The Aër ( Greek: Ἀήρ lit the "air" modern Greek Αέρας Slavonic: Воздухъ, Vózdukh) is the largest and outermost Basil ( Ocimum basilicum) (ˈbeɪzəl or /ˈbæzəl/ of the Family Lamiaceae. The cross reposes on the "High Place" of the Holy Table, where the Gospel Book normally lies. The Gospel Book, or Book of the Gospels ( Greek:, Evangélion) is a Codex or bound volume containing one or more of the four Gospels Those portions of the Vigil which would normally take place before the Icon of the Feast (the chanting of the Polyeleos and the Matins Gospel) instead take place in front of the Holy Table. An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. The Polyeleos ( Greek: Πολυέλεος lit "much oil" or by connotation "much mercy" is a festive portion of the Matins or All-Night The Matins Gospel is the solemn chanting of a Lection from one of the Four Gospels during Matins in the Orthodox Church and those Eastern
One of the high points of the celebration is when, after the Great Doxology, the priest or bishop brings the Cross out of the sanctuary. The Great Doxology is an ancient hymn of praise to the Trinity which is chanted or read daily in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic Churches He sets the cross on a table (tetrapod or analogion) in the center of the temple (nave of the church) as the choir sings of the festal Troparion of the Cross: "Save, O Lord, Thy people, and bless Thine inheritance, granting unto Orthodox Christians [sometimes translated as "Christians of the true faith"] victory over enemies, and by the power of Thy Cross, do Thou preserve Thy commonwealth. An Analogion (Άναλόγιον is a Lectern or slanted stand on which Icons, the Gospel Book or are placed for veneration by the faithful in the In Romanesque and Gothic Christian Abbey, Cathedral Basilica and church Architecture, the nave is the A troparion ( Greek: τροπάριον plural troparia, τροπάρια Church Slavonic: тропа́рь tropar) in Byzantine "
In cathedrals and monasteries, a special "Exaltation" is performed by the bishop or abbot, standing in the center of the church. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight The word abbot, meaning Father, is a title given to the head of a Monastery in various traditions including Christianity. This consists of his taking the cross in his hands and raising it above his head. He makes an exclamation, to which the choir responds, chanting, Kyrie eleison ("Lord, have mercy") 100 times. Kýrie is from the Greek word κύριε (kyrie the Vocative case of κύριος (kyrios meaning O Lord. As they chant, he makes the sign of the cross with it three times, then slowly bows down to the ground, and stands up again raising the cross above his head as before. The Sign of the Cross, or Signum crucis in Latin is a ritual hand motion made by members of many but not all branches of Christianity. This process is repeated four more times to the four points of the compass. [2]
Then, whether the special Exaltation has been performed or not, the clergy and the members of the congregation prostrate themselves on the ground as all sing, "Before Thy Cross, we bow down in worship, O Master, and Thy holy Resurrection we glorify" three times (at the words "Thy holy Resurrection" all stand up again). Poyasny ("little bow" and zemnoy poklon ("great bow" are different kinds of bows used in an Eastern Orthodox worship service Then all come forward to venerate the cross and receive the priest's blessing (see Veneration of the Cross, below). In the Christian Liturgical calendar, there are several different feasts known as Feasts of the Cross, all of which commemorate the cross used in the During the veneration, stichera attributed to the Emperor Leo are chanted by the choir. A sticheron (plural stichera) is a particular kind of Hymn used in the Divine Liturgy, Acolouthia ( Daily office) or other services Emperor Leo can refer to Leo I the Thracian Leo II (emperor Leo III the Isaurian Leo IV the Khazar
The cross will remain in the center of the temple throughout the Afterfeast, and the faithful will venerate it whenever they enter or leave the church. Finally, on the Apodosis of the Feast, the priest and deacon will cense around the cross, there will be a final veneration of the cross, and then they will solemnly bring the cross back into the sanctuary through the Holy Doors. This same pattern of bringing out the cross, veneration, and returning the cross at the end of the celebration is repeated at a number of the lesser Feasts of the Cross mentioned below.
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church observes a five-day fast, called the Fast of the Holy Cross from September 10 through September 14, in preparation for the Feast of the Holy Church in view of the Holy Cross, which they celebrate on September 15. The Armenian Apostolic Church (Հայաստանեայց Առաքելական Եկեղեցի Hayasdaneaytz Arakelagan Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. September 16 is observed as the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (Khachverats in Armenian), a feast which continues for several days thereafter. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian It is counted as one of the five major feasts of the Armenian Church, and the most important of the four feasts of the Holy Cross. According to Armenian tradition, the first one to "exalt" the Cross was the Apostle James of Jerusalem, the "Brother of the Lord". Sacred Tradition or Holy Tradition is a technical theological term used in some Christian traditions primarily in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Saint James the Just ( Hebrew: יעקב or Jacob ( Greek Iάκωβος (died 62AD also known as James of Jerusalem, James Adelphotheos On the Sunday nearest September 14, the liturgy is marked with an antasdan service (blessing of the fields) during which the processional cross is adorned with basil (a symbol of royalty) and the four corners of the church are blessed as a sign of the sanctification of the world.
On the Sunday nearest September 28 (always two weeks after the Exaltation) the Armenian Church celebrates the Feast of the Holy Cross of Varak (Varaka Khach) commemorating the 3rd century placement of an authentic relic of the cross in Armenian soil. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. This is a cross feast unique to the Armenian Church.
On the Sunday closest to October 26, the Armenian Church celebrates the Discovery of the Holy Cross (Kyood Khach), commemorating the finding of the True Cross by Saint Helena (327 AD). Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, one of Oriental Orthodox Churches, comemorates the finding of the true cross on Meskerem 17 of the Ethiopian Calendar, corresponding to September 14 in the Julian Calendar (at present September 27 in the Gregorian Calendar) or, in leap years, one day later. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (in transliterated Amharic: Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan) is an Oriental Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only three Ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today The day is popularly called "Demera" in Amharic - meaning Bonfire. The Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church lights a large bonfire in Maskal Square, Addis Ababa's greatest open arena, and smaller bonfires are lit by individuals throughout the country. Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority Amharic Thousands attend the colourful and vibrant ceremony of religious chantings around the bonfire in Maskal Square, which owes its name to the ceremony, since the word "maskal" means "cross". According to tradition, the bonfire commemorates how Queen Helena found, by where the smoke of a bonfire descended, where to search for the true cross in Jerusalem, or how, by a series of bonfires, she signalled to her son Constantine in Constantinople her success in finding it.
Malankara
In the Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church a special offering called panchasarayumanda is made on this day, in particular at the Akaparambu Mor Sabor-Mor Aphroth Church in the Ernakulam District, Kerala. The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church is the Malankara Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Kerala, India. This article is about the town of Ernakulam See Ernakulam district. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}};
September 13
The Assyrian Church of the East celebrates the finding of the Cross on September 13, and considers it to be a major feast. The Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East (ܥܕܬܐ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܘܫܠܝܚܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ‘Ittā Qaddishtā wa-Shlikhāitā Qattoliqi Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September The Assyrian Church considers the Sign of the Cross to be a seventh Sacrament, by which all of the other Sacraments are sealed and perfected (it takes the place of Marriage, which they do not name in their traditional list of Sacraments). The Sign of the Cross, or Signum crucis in Latin is a ritual hand motion made by members of many but not all branches of Christianity.
October 12
In the Russian Orthodox Church, October 12 is the commemoration of the Translation of a Portion of the Life-Giving Cross from Malta to Gatchina. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands Gatchina (Га́тчина is a city in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located 45 km south of St
March 6
On the liturgical calendar of the Eastern Othodox Church, this day commemorates the Uncovering of the Precious Cross and the Precious Nails by Empress Saint Helen—that is to say, the anniversary of the actual discovery; the date for the September 14 feast was determined by the Consecration of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This is a lesser feast, and does not have any of the liturgical peculiarities of the September 14 feast.
May 3
In the Gallican usage, beginning about the seventh century, the Feast of the Cross was celebrated on May 3, and called "Crouchmas" (for "Cross Mass"). The term Gallican Church usually refers to the Roman Catholic Church in France from the time of the Declaration of the Clergy of France ( Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, when the Gallican and Roman practices were combined, the September date was used to commemorate the rescue from the Sassanid Persians and the May date was kept as the Finding of the Holy Cross or Invention of the True Cross to commemorate the finding. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire (The word comes from the Latin invenire, "to find", and should not be understood in the modern sense of creating something new. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. ) This date is that used in the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer liturgy, but the new Common Worship liturgy has followed the Roman Catholic Church's lead, and Holy Cross Day is now celebrated on September 14. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican The Book of Common Prayer is the common title of a number of prayer books of the Church of England and used throughout the Anglican Communion. Common Worship is the name given to the series of services authorised by the General Synod of the Church of England and launched on the first Sunday of Advent
This feast had been recombined with the September celebration by Pope Pius XII, at the suggestion of Annibale Bugnini. Pope Annibale Bugnini, CM ( June 14, 1912 – July 3, 1982) was a Roman Catholic Prelate. However, the feast day of the Finding of the Holy Cross is still commemorated exactly as was in the past by a significant minority of Traditional Roman Catholic parishes, as well as by some churches within the Anglican Communion (such as the Church of England) who deem this feast an optional observance. The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches
August 1
The Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholics commemorate the Feast of the Procession of the Venerable Wood of the Cross on August 1st. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman This day marks the beginning of the Dormition Fast. The Dormition of the Theotokos ( Greek: Koimesis) is a Great Feast of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and The propers of the feast are combined with those of the Holy Macabean Martyrs, the commemoration of whose endurance is deemed appropriate for the first day of a fast. The Proper (Latin proprium) is a part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date either representing an observance within the Liturgical Year The Maccabees ( Hebrew: מכבים or מקבים, Makabim or Maqabim; Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, /makav'εï/ were Unlike the September 14 observance, this commemoration is considered to be a minor feast, but it does have the bringing out of the cross and veneration by the faithful like the September feast.
The history of this feast begins in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey). Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches It was the custom there to carry the relic of the True Cross through the streets and squares of the city to ask for God's blessing, and for relief from sickness. A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial The True Cross is the name for physical remnants which by a Christian tradition are believed to be from the actual cross upon which Jesus was crucified On the eve of the feast (July 31), which is observed as a Forefeast, it was taken out of the imperial treasury, and laid upon the altar of the "Great Church" (Hagia Sophia). An Afterfeast is a period of celebration attached to one of the Great Feasts celebrated by the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches (roughly equivalent to An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya Αγία Σοφία " Holy Wisdom " Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia) is a former patriarchal Basilica, later On August 1 it was solemly placed in the center of the Great Church for all the faithful to venerate. The relic was taken in procession daily throughout the city, offering it to the people to venerate until the Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos (August 15), when it was returned again to the imperial treasury. In Christianity, veneration ( Latin veneratio, Greek &delta&omicron&upsilon&lambda&iota&alpha dulia) or veneration of saints The Dormition of the Theotokos ( Greek: Koimesis) is a Great Feast of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and
In commemoration of this tradition, it is customary to have a crucession (a procession headed by the cross) and celebrate the Lesser Blessing of Water on August 1. A Crucession, or Cross Procession (Крестный ход Krestnyi khod) is a procession that takes place in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern A procession (via Middle English processioun, French procession, derived from Latin processio, itself from procedere, to go forth advance Holy water can also refer to water that has been blessed, such as by a Priest, and is considered Holy. It is the first of three "Feasts of the Saviour" in the month of August, the other two being the Transfiguration (August 6) and the Icon of Christ "Not Made by Hands" (August 16). An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. Acheiropoieta (Greek) literally "not-handmade" or Icons Not Made by Hand (and variants are a particular kind of Icon, ones that are alleged to have Because of the blessing of holy water, this holy day is sometimes called "Savior of the Water. Holy water can also refer to water that has been blessed, such as by a Priest, and is considered Holy. Lists of holidays The words holiday or vacation have related meanings in different English-speaking countries and continents but will usually refer to one of " There may also be celebrated on this day the Rite of Blessing New Honey, for which reason the day is also referred to as "Savior of the Honey. "
According to Saint Nikolaj Velimirović, this feast was instituted by mutual agreement of the Greeks and Russians to commemorate the simultaneous victories of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos over the Bulgarians and the Russian Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky over the Saracens in the 12th century. Nikolaј (Velimirović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Николај (Велимировић ( December 23 1880 - March 5 1956 ( This is a list of the Emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians For the eldest son of Andronikos I Komnenos and father of Alexios I of Trebizond, see Manuel Komnenos (born 1145. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Prince Andrei I of Vladimir commonly known as Andrey Bogolyubsky (Андрей Боголюбский "Andrey the God-Loving" (c Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. [3]
In the Russian Orthodox Church, this feast also celebrates the Baptism of Rus, which occurred on August 1, 988. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure The Christianization of Kievan Rus' took place in several stages Events By Place Africa Al-Azhar University is founded in Cairo, Egypt (the second oldest university in the world
Moveable Feasts
In addition to celebrations on fixed days, there are certain days of the variable cycle when the Cross in celebrated. In Christianity, a moveable feast or movable feast is a holy day &mdash a Feast day or a Fast day &mdash whose date is not fixed to a
The Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches have a formal Adoration of the Cross during the services for Good Friday. Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha"
In the Roman Breviary before the 1961 reform, a Commemoration of the Cross was made during Eastertide except when the Office or Commemoration of a Double or Octave occurs, replacing the Suffrage of the Saints said outside Eastertide. A breviary (from Latin brevis, 'short' or 'concise' is a Liturgical book of the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Eastertide, or the Easter Season, or Paschal Time, is the period of fifty days from Easter Sunday to Pentecost Sunday Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally
Eastern Christians celebrate an additional Veneration of the Cross on the third Sunday of Great Lent. Great Lent, or the Great Fast, is the most important Fasting season in the Church year in Eastern Christianity, which prepares Christians The services for this day are modelled on the Feast of the Exaltation (September 14), including bringing the cross out into the center of the church and its veneration by the faithful. It remains in the center of the church until Friday of the week following (the Fourth Week of Great Lent). On Monday and Wednesday of the Fourth Week, a Veneration of the Cross takes place at the First Hour (repeating a portion of the service from the All-night Vigil of the previous Sunday). Prime, or the First Hour, is a fixed time of prayer of the traditional Divine Office (Canonical Hours said at the first hour of daylight (approximately 600 a For the musical setting by Rachmaninoff, see All-Night Vigil (Rachmaninoff The All-night vigil is a service of the Eastern Orthodox On Friday of that week, the veneration takes place after the Ninth Hour, after which the cross is returned to the sanctuary by the priest and deacon. None, or the Ninth Hour, is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the traditional Christian liturgies
Wednesday and Friday
In addition to all of the above commemorations, Orthodox also hold Wednesday and Friday throughout the year as a commemoration of the Cross.
Veneration of the Cross
Feast Days
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, on several of the feast days metioned above, there is a public veneration of the cross. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world It may take place at Matins, after the cross is brought out, at the end of the celebration of the Divine Liturgy, or at the end of one of the Little Hours, depending upon the particular feast, and local custom. Matins (also known as Orthros or Oútrenya in Eastern Churches) is the early morning or night Prayer service in the Roman Catholic The Divine Liturgy is the common term for the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy. ~The Little Hours are the fixed daytime hours of prayer in the Divine Office of Chrisitians both Western Christianity and the Eastern Orthodox Church
The faithful come forward and make two prostrations, make the sign of the cross on themselves, and kiss the feet of Christ on the cross, and then make a third prostration. Poyasny ("little bow" and zemnoy poklon ("great bow" are different kinds of bows used in an Eastern Orthodox worship service The Sign of the Cross, or Signum crucis in Latin is a ritual hand motion made by members of many but not all branches of Christianity. After this, they will often receive a blessing from the priest, and bow towards their fellow worshippers on each side of the church (this latter practice is most commonly observed in monasteries). This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism.
End of Services
At the end of the Divine Liturgy, and at some other services as well, it is customary for the faithful to come forward and venerate the "Blessing Cross" (hand-cross) which is held by the bishop or priest, and to kiss his hand. The Divine Liturgy is the common term for the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities This practice is also called the "Veneration of the Cross", though it does not involve making prostrations. The cross which is venerated is small (typically 10-16 inches). This cross is usually metal, often gold or gold-plated, and can be enameled and/or decorated with jewels. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Plating describes surface-covering where a Metal is deposited on a conductive surface In a discussion of Material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive Mineral, which &mdash when cut and polished &mdash The figure of Jesus on the Cross (the soma) is usually engraved, enameled, or painted on the cross, rather than being a separate three-dimensional figure as is found on a crucifix. A crucifix (from Latin cruci fixus meaning "(one fixed to a cross" is a cross with a representation of Jesus ' body or corpus This is due to the Orthodox practice of using icons rather than statues in church. An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity.
Notes
- ^ One-third remained in Jerusalem, one-third was brought to Rome and deposited in the Sessorian basilica Santa Croce in Gerusalemme (Holy Cross in Jerusalem), and one-third was taken back to Constantinople.
- ^ Mother Mary, Archimandrite Kallistos Ware (1969), The Festal Menaion, London: Faber and Faber, Ltd. , pp. 154, ISBN 0-571-11137-8
- ^ Velimirovic, Bishop Nikolai (1985), “August 1: The Procession of the Honorable Cross”, Prologue from Ochrid, vol. 4, Lazarica Press, ISBN 978-0948298028, <http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html?month=August&day=1>. Retrieved on 14 August 2007
External links
"The True Cross" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia. - The Elevation of the Venerable and Life-Giving Cross Greek Orthodox
- Photo of Exaltation of the Cross by a Bishop in Russia
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