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Henri Matisse, Portrait of Madame Matisse (The green line), 1905, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark
Henri Matisse, Portrait of Madame Matisse (The green line), 1905, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark

Les Fauves (French for The Wild Beasts) were a short-lived and loose grouping of early 20th century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational values retained by Impressionism. Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Statens Museum for Kunst (en Denmark's national gallery) is the Danish national art museum situated in Copenhagen. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people History of Modern art Roots in the 19th century Although modern Sculpture and Architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth Painterly is a translation of the German term malerisch, one of the opposed categories popularized by Swiss Art historian Heinrich Wölfflin Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s While Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only three years, 1905–1907, and had three exhibitions. [1]The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain. Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship André Derain ( June 10, 1880 – September 8, 1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse [1]

Contents

Artists and style

The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain. Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship André Derain ( June 10, 1880 – September 8, 1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse Other artists included Albert Marquet, Charles Camoin, the Belgian painter Henri Evenepoel, Jean Puy, Maurice de Vlaminck, Henri Manguin, Raoul Dufy, Othon Friesz, Georges Rouault, the Dutch painter Kees van Dongen, the Swiss painter Alice Bailly and Georges Braque (subsequently Picasso's partner in Cubism). Albert Marquet ( 27 March 1875 – 14 June 1947) was a French painter associated with the Fauvist movement Charles Camoin (1879 –1965 was a French painter associated with the Fauves. Maurice de Vlaminck ( April 4, 1876 &ndash October 11, 1958) was a French painter. Henri Charles Manguin (Paris March 23[[ 874]]-1949 was a French painter associated with Les Fauves. Raoul Dufy ( 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a French Fauvist painter Othon Friesz ( 6 February 1879 - 10 January 1949) a native of Le Havre, was a French artist of the Fauvist movement Georges Henri Rouault ( 27 May 1871 &ndash 13 February 1958) was a French Fauvist and Expressionist painter Cornelis Theodorus Maria van Dongen ( January 26, 1877 &ndash May 28, 1968) usually known as Kees van Dongen or just van Alice Bailly (February 25 1872 - January 1 1938 was a radical Swiss painter known for her interpretation of Cubism and her multimedia wool paintings Georges Braque ( May 13, 1882 &ndash August 31, 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European [1]

The paintings of the Fauves were characterised by seemingly wild brush work and strident colours, while their subject matter had a high degree of simplification and abstraction. Abstract art uses a Visual language of form color and line to create a composition which exists independently of visual references to the world [2] Fauvism can be classified as an extreme development of Van Gogh's Post-Impressionism fused with the pointillism of Seurat[2] and other Neo-Impressionist painters, in particular Paul Signac. Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and Art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet. See also Neo-Impressionism Pointillism is a style of Painting in which small distinct points of Primary colors create the impression of a wide selection Georges-Pierre Seurat ( December 2, 1859  &ndash March 29, 1891) was a French painter and Draftsman. Neo-Impressionism is a term coined by the French art critic Félix Fénéon in 1887 to characterise the late-19th century Art movement led by Paul Signac ( November 11, 1863 – August 15, 1935) was a French neo-impressionist painter who working with Other key influences were Paul Cezanne[3] and Paul Gauguin, who in 1888 had said to Paul Sérusier:[4]

“ How do you see these trees? They are yellow. Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903 was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. Paul Sérusier (1864—1927 was a French painter Education He studied at the Académie Julian and was a monitor there in the mid 1880s So, put in yellow; this shadow, rather blue, paint it with pure ultramarine; these red leaves? Put in vermilion. Ultramarine is a Blue Pigment consisting primarily of a double Silicate of Aluminium and Sodium with some Sulfides or Vermilion, sometimes spelled vermillion, when found naturally-occurring is an opaque orangish Red Pigment, used since antiquity originally derived ”

Fauvism can also be seen as a mode of Expressionism. Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an Emotional effect it is a subjective art form [2]

Genesis

Gustave Moreau was the movement's inspirational teacher;[5] a controversial professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and a Symbolist painter, he taught Matisse, Marquet, Manguin, Roualt and Camoin during the 1890s, and was viewed by critics as the group's philosophical leader until Matisse was recognized as such in 1904. Gustave Moreau ( April 6, 1826 &ndash April 18, 1898) was a French Symbolist painter. École des Beaux-Arts ("School of Fine Arts" refers to a number of influential Art schools in France. Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century Art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts [6] Moreau's broad-mindededness, originality and affirmation of the expressive potency of pure colour was inspirational for his students. [7] Matisse said of him, "He did not set us on the right roads, but off the roads. He disturbed our complacency. "[7] This source of empathy was taken away with Moreau's death in 1898, but the artists discovered other catalysts for their development. [7]

In 1896, Matisse, then an unknown art student, visited the artist John Peter Russell on the island of Belle Île off Brittany. John Peter Russell ( 16 June 1858 - 22 April 1930) was an Australian impressionist painter Belle-Île or Belle-Île-en-Mer ( ar Gerveur in Modern Breton)— Guedel in Old Breton—is a French Island off the Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into [8] Russell was an Impressionist painter; Matisse had never previously seen an Impressionist work directly, and was so shocked at the style that he left after ten days, saying, "I couldn't stand it any more. Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s "[8] The next year he returned as Russell's student and abandoned his earth-coloured palette for bright Impressionist colours, later stating, "Russell was my teacher, and Russell explained colour theory to me. "[8] Russell had been a close friend of Vincent van Gogh and gave Matisse a Van Gogh drawing. [8]

Henri Matisse, Luxe, Calme et Volupté, 1904, Musée National d'Art Moderne.
Henri Matisse, Luxe, Calme et Volupté, 1904, Musée National d'Art Moderne.

In 1901, Maurice de Vlaminck encountered the work of Van Gogh for the first time at an exhibition, declaring soon after that he loved Van Gogh more than his own father; he started to work by squeezing paint directly onto the canvas from the tube. Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship Centre Georges Pompidou (constructed 1971–1977 and known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement Maurice de Vlaminck ( April 4, 1876 &ndash October 11, 1958) was a French painter. [7]

In parallel with the artists' discovery of contemporary avant-garde art came an appreciation of pre-Renaissance French art, which was shown in a 1904 exhibition, French Primitives. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere [7] Another aesthetic feeding into their work was African sculpture, which Vlaminck, Derain and Matisse were early collectors of. [7]

Many of the Fauve characteristics first cohered in Matisse's painting, Luxe, Calme et Volupté ("Luxury, Calm and Pleasure"), which he painted in the summer of 1904, whilst in Saint-Tropez with Paul Signac and Henri-Edmond Cross. San Tropez redirects here For other uses see Saint-Tropez (disambiguation Saint-Tropez ( Sant Tropetz in Occitan language Paul Signac ( November 11, 1863 – August 15, 1935) was a French neo-impressionist painter who working with Henri-Edmond Cross ( May 20, 1856 – May 16, 1910) was a French pointillist painter. [7]

Salon D'Automne 1905

Henri Matisse. Woman with a Hat, 1905. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
Henri Matisse. Woman with a Hat, 1905. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art ( SFMOMA) is a major Modern art Museum and San Francisco Landmark.

The artists shared their first exhibition at the 1905 Salon d'Automne. In 1903 the first Salon d'Automne (Autumn Salon was organized by Georges Rouault, André Derain, Henri Matisse and Albert Marquet as a The group gained their name, after critic Louis Vauxcelles described their show of work with the phrase "Donatello au milieu des fauves!" ("Donatello among the wild beasts"), contrasting the paintings with a Renaissance-type sculpture that shared the room with them. Louis Vauxcelles (1870-1943 was an influential French art critic Donatello ( Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi; c 1386 &ndash December 13, 1466) was a famous early Renaissance Italian The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere [9] Henri Rousseau was not a Fauve, but his large jungle scene The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope was exhibited near Matisse's work and may have had an influence on the pejorative used. Henri Julien Félix Rousseau ( May 21, 1844 &ndash September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the [10]

Henri Rousseau, The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope, 1905
Henri Rousseau, The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope, 1905

Vauxcelles' comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in Gil Blas, a daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage. Henri Julien Félix Rousseau ( May 21, 1844 &ndash September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting This is about the novel For the French literary paper see Gil Blas (periodical Gil Blas ( French: L'Histoire de [9][11] The pictures gained considerable condemnation, such as "A pot of paint has been flung in the face of the public" from the critic Camille Mauclair (1872–1945), but also some favourable attention. [9] The painting that was singled out for attacks was Matisse's Woman with a Hat, which was bought by Gertrude and Leo Stein: this had a very positive effect on Matisse, who was suffering demoralisation from the bad reception of his work. Gertrude Stein ( February 3, 1874 &ndash July 27, 1946) was an American Writer who spent most of her life in France Leo Stein (born 1872 in Allegheny Pennsylvania; died July 29, 1947, in Florence Italy) was an American art collector and critic [9]

Gallery

Henri Matisse, Open Window, Collioure, 1905, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.

Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L´Estaque 1906, The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

André Derain, Charing Cross Bridge, London, 1906, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.

Maurice de Vlaminck, The River Seine at Chatou, 1906, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Maurice de Vlaminck, The Circus, 1906

Kees van Dongen, Woman with Large Hat, 1906

See also

Further reading

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c John Elderfield, The "Wild Beasts" Fauvism and Its Affinities, 1976, Museum of Modern Art, p. John Elderfield is a leading Art historian and chief Curator of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth 13, ISBN 0-87070-638-1
  2. ^ a b c "Glossary: Fauvism, Tate, retrieved 29 December 2007. Tate is the United Kingdom 's national museum of British and Modern Art and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  3. ^ Freeman, 1990, p. 15.
  4. ^ Collins, Bradley, Van Gogh and Gauguin: Electric Arguments and Utopian Dreams, 2003, Westview Press, p. 159, ISBN 0-81334-157-4.
  5. ^ Freeman, Judi, et al, The Fauve Landscape, 1990, Abbeville Press, p. 243, ISBN 1-55859-025-0.
  6. ^ Freeman, 1990, p. 243.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Dempsey, Amy. Styles, Schools and Movements: An Encyclopedic Guide to Modern Art, pp. 66-69, Thames & Hudson Ltd. , London, 2002.
  8. ^ a b c d "Book talk: The Unknown Matisse...", ABC Radio National, interview with Hilary Spurling, 8 June 2005. ABC Radio National is an Australia-wide Radio network broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation with many various programs involving News and Hilary Susan Spurling, CBE (born 1940) is a British writer known as a journalist and biographer Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved 1 January 2008. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  9. ^ a b c d Chilver, Ian (Ed. ). "Fauvism", The Oxford Dictionary of Art, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved from enotes. com, 26 December 2007. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  10. ^ Smith, Roberta (2006)"Henri Rousseau: In imaginary jungles, a terrible beauty lurks" The New York Times, July 14, 2006. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Accessed 29 December 2007
  11. ^ Elderfield,p. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 43

External links

Dictionary

fauvism

-noun

  1. An artistic movement of the last part of the 19th century which emphasized spontaneity and the use of extremely bright colors.
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