Kaziranga National Park (Assamese: কাজিরঙা রাষ্ট্রীয় উদ্যান, IAST: kājirangā jātiya uddyāna, IPA: /kaziɹɔŋa ɹastɹijɔ udːjan/ (help·info)) is an Indian national park and a World Heritage Site in Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam, India. Kaziranga National Park (কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যান, pronounced) is a national park in the Golaghat and Assamese (অসমীয়া) (ɔxɔmija is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language, spoken mainly in the state of Assam in North-East The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration ( IAST) is a popular Transliteration scheme that allows a lossless Romanization of Indic India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country This is a list of all national parks of India. India 's first National park (an IUCN category II Protected area) was established in 1935 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Golaghat is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. Nagaon is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It is refuge for the world's largest population of Great One-horned Rhinoceros. The Indian Rhinoceros or the Great One-horned Rhinoceros or the Asian One-horned Rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis) is a large mammal found in Nepal Kaziranga has the highest density of tigers among protected areas in the World and was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006. The Bengal tiger, or Royal Bengal tiger ( Panthera tigris tigris or Panthera tigris bengalensis) is a Subspecies of Tiger primarily Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental cultural or similar value Project Tiger is a Wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1972 to protect the Bengal Tigers It was launched on April 1 The park has large breeding populations of Elephant, Wild Asiatic Water Buffalo and Swamp Deer. The Asian or Asiatic Elephant ( Elephas maximus) sometimes known by the name of one of its subspecies &ndash the Indian Elephant, is one of True Wild Asian Water Buffalo or Wild Asiatic Water Buffalo is an Endangered species. The Barasingha or Barasinga ( Rucervus duvaucelii) is a Species of Deer, native to India and Nepal. Kaziranga is recognized as an Important Bird Area by Birdlife International for conservation of avifaunal species. An Important Bird Area ( IBA) is an area designated as being globally important habitat for the conservation of Bird populations BirdLife International (formerly known as the International Council for Bird Preservation, not to be confused with Birds International) is the international conservation The park has achieved notable progress in wildlife conservation with respect to other protected areas in India. "Conservation Biology" redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Conservation Biology (journal. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

Kaziranga is a vast stretch of tall elephant grass, marshland and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests crisscrossed by four main rivers — Brahmaputra, Diphlu, Mora Diphlu and Mora Dhansiri and has numerous small water bodies. In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF also known as tropical moist forests, are a Tropical and Subtropical Forest The Brahmaputra, also called Tsangpo-Brahmaputra is a Trans-boundary river and one of the major Rivers of Asia. River Diphlu is a rivulet that originates from the Karbi Anglong hills Assam and passes through the Kaziranga National Park and joins the River Brahmaputra River Mora Diphlu is a rivulet and a tributary of the River Diphlu which originates from the Karbi Anglong hills Assam and passes through the Kaziranga Mora Dhansiri is a tributary of the Dhansiri River, the main river of Golaghat District in the state of Assam, India. A beel or a bheel ( বিল is a term for a pond ( Wetland) with static water (as opposed to moving water in rivers and canals - typically called khaal Kaziranga has been the theme of several books, documentaries and songs. The park celebrated its centenary in 2005 after its establishment in 1905 as a reserve forest. You may be looking for Forest reserve, a generic term associated with protected forest areas which is also used as a specific term for protected forests in some countries

Local legend tells about a village girl named Ranga and a young man named Kazi from Karbi Anglong who fell in love. Karbi Anglong district is the largest amongst the 27 administrative districts of Assam state in north-eastern India. Their parents would not give consent to the affair, so the couple continued to meet each other in the forest. One day, they went into the forest and never returned. Since that day, the people call the forest Kaziranga. ^[1]

Biomes

See also: Biodiversity of Assam

An Asian Openbill at Kaziranga

Kaziranga is one of the largest tracts of protected land in the sub-Himalayan belt, and due to its high species diversity and presence of high-visibility species, has been described as a "biodiversity hotspot". The Biodiversity of Assam, a state in North-East India, makes it a biological hotspot with many rare and endemic plant and animal species The Asian Openbill Stork, Anastomus oscitans, is a large wading bird in the Stork family Ciconiidae. A biodiversity hotspot is a Biogeographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction ^[2]

The park is located in the Indomalaya ecozone, and the dominant biomes of the region are Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests of the Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome and a frequently flooded variant of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands of the Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome. The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface A biome is a climatically and geographically defined area of ecologically similar climatic conditions such as communities of Plants Animals and The Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of eastern India. Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF also known as tropical moist forests, are a Tropical and Subtropical Forest The Terai ("moist land" is a belt of marshy Grasslands Savannas and Forests at the base of the Himalaya range in India Tropical and subtropical grasslands savannas and shrublands are a Grassland Biome located in Semi-arid to semi- Humid Climate regions

Fauna

A rhinoceros grazing at Kaziranga National Park

The park contains significant breeding populations of 35 mammalian species,^[3] out of which 15 are threatened mammals according to the IUCN Red List. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global ^[4] 479 species of birds (both migratory and resident) have been spotted at the park, including 25 globally threatened and 21 near threatened species. ^[5] The park has also been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by Birdlife International for the conservation of the avifaunal species. An Important Bird Area ( IBA) is an area designated as being globally important habitat for the conservation of Bird populations BirdLife International (formerly known as the International Council for Bird Preservation, not to be confused with Birds International) is the international conservation ^[5] A total of 42 species of reptile have been reported from the park. These include the endangered Gharial and the rare Assam Roofed Turtle. The gharial ( Gavialis gangeticus) sometimes called the Indian gavial or gavial, is one of two surviving members of the family Assam Roofed Turtle Kachuga sylhetensis is a species of Turtle found in Assam and parts of eastern Bangladesh. ^[6]

Mammals

Wild Asian Water Buffalo - Female with calf at Kaziranga National Park

See also: List of mammals in Kaziranga National Park

In 2006 Kaziranga had 1,855 Indian rhinoceros, about 70% of the world's total wild population^[7], ^[4] The now extinct Indian Javan Rhinoceros was probably also an inhabitant of Kaziranga. True Wild Asian Water Buffalo or Wild Asiatic Water Buffalo is an Endangered species. Kaziranga National Park is a National park and an UNESCO World Heritage Site in India. The Javan Rhinoceros ( Sunda Rhinoceros to be more precise or Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sondaicus) is a member of the family Rhinocerotidae ^[8] Assam was part of the historical range of the critically endangered Pygmy Hog. Pygmy hog ( Porcula salvania) is an endangered species of small Wild pig, previously spread across India, Nepal, and Bhutan but Even though Wild Boar are present in Kaziranga, the Pygmy Hog is no longer found here. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. Kaziranga contained as many as 1,206 Indian Elephants in 2005, a 25% increase from 1,048 in 2002. The Indian Elephant, Elephas maximus indicus, is one of four Subspecies of the Asian Elephant, the largest population of which is found in India ^[9] The combined Kaziranga–Karbi Anglong Elephant Reserve has as many as 1,940 elephants. ^[10]

The 2001 park census counted 1666 Wild Asian Water Buffalo,^[11] up 146% from 677 in 1984. True Wild Asian Water Buffalo or Wild Asiatic Water Buffalo is an Endangered species.

The Eastern Swamp Deer had 468 individuals in 2002,^[12] down 38% from 756 in 1984. The Barasingha or Barasinga ( Rucervus duvaucelii) is a Species of Deer, native to India and Nepal. ^[4] This may be a reflection of the increasing tiger population. Other significant populations of large herbivores include 30 Gaur in 1984, and 58 Sambar in 1999. The gaur (ˈɡaʊɚ ( Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large dark-coated bovine animal of South Asia and Southeast Asia. Smaller herbivores include 100 Indian Muntjac in 1972, 431 Wild Boar in 1999, 5,045 Hog Deer in 1999 and Barking Deer. The Common Muntjac, also called Indian Muntjac ( Muntiacus muntjak) is the most numerous Muntjac deer species The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. The Hog Deer ( Axis porcinus) is small Deer whose habitat ranges from Pakistan, through northern India, to mainland Southeast ^[9][4]

Kaziranga has the rare distinction of being one of the very few places in the world which contain breeding populations of three big cats outside Africa — the Royal Bengal Tiger, the Indian Leopard and the Clouded Leopard. The term big cat is used to distinguish the larger cat species from smaller ones The Bengal tiger, or Royal Bengal tiger ( Panthera tigris tigris or Panthera tigris bengalensis) is a Subspecies of Tiger primarily The Indian leopard ( Panthera pardus fusca) is a Leopard subspecies native to the Indian subcontinent. The Clouded Leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa) is a medium-sized cat, 55 to 110 cm (2 ft to 3 ft 6 in long and weighing between 15 and 23 kg (33 to 50 lb ^[13] Kaziranga had a population of around 30 Bengal Tigers during the 1972 census, which grew 187% to 86 in the 2000 census, distinguishing Kaziranga with one tiger for each five km² of park area, the highest tiger density in the world. Kaziranga formally became a Tiger Reserve in 2006. Project Tiger is a Wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1972 to protect the Bengal Tigers It was launched on April 1 ^[7]. According to Dr. Melvin Sunquist of University of Florida, who himself conducted a field study and measurement of Bengal tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal in the 1970s, a recent camera trap surevey inside kaziranga national park has revealed some very large looking tigers, in fact, the largest bengal tigers he's ever come across. Chitwan National Park (formerly called "Royal Chitwan National Park(RCNP")(CNP covering an area of 932 km² is the oldest national park of Nepal. Due to Kaziranga's higher prey density compared to other parks of India^[14], the tigers in here may grow to a larger size as a result.

The park is also home to Sloth Bears and the lesser felids: Jungle Cat, Fishing Cat and Leopard Cat. The Sloth Bear ( Melursus ursinus) also known as the Lip Bear, Though originally classed as a "bear sloth" due to the shape of its claws Felidae is the biological family of the cats a member of this family is called a felid. The jungle cat ( Felis chaus) also called the swamp lynx (although not closely related to the Lynxes, is a medium-small cat but is now considered the largest The Fishing Cat ( Prionailurus viverrinus) is a medium-sized cat whose habitat range extends through Indochina, India, Pakistan The Leopard Cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis) is a small wild cat of Southeast Asia. Other small mammals include the rare Hispid Hare, Indian Gray Mongoose, Small Indian Mongoose, Large Indian Civet, Small Indian Civet, Bengal Fox, Golden Jackal, Chinese Pangolin, Indian Pangolin, Hog Badger, Chinese Ferret Badger, Particolored flying squirrel and bats. The Hispid Hare, Caprolagus hispidus, is a Leporid native to the foothills of the Himalaya. The Indian Gray Mongoose or Common Grey Mongoose ( Herpestes edwardsii) is a species of Mongoose found in southern India. The Small Asian Mongoose ( Herpestes javanicus) also known as the Indian Mongoose, Small Indian Mongoose, or the Javan Mongoose, is a species The Large Indian Civet ( Viverra zibetha) is generally a grizzled greyish brown with white and black bars along their neck (usually two white stripes and three black stripes The Small Indian Civet ( Viverricula indica) also called the Rasse, is a species of Civet found across south and south-east Asia as well as in the The Bengal Fox ( Vulpes bengalensis) also known as the Indian Fox, is a Fox endemic to the Indian subcontinent and is found from The Golden Jackal ( Canis aureus) also called the Asiatic, Oriental or Common Jackal is a carnivorous Mammal of the The Chinese Pangolin ( Manis pentadactyla) is a Pangolin that is found in north India, Nepal, Bhutan, possibly Bangladesh The Indian Pangolin ( Manis crassicaudata) is a Pangolin that is found in many parts of India and some parts of Sri Lanka. The Hog Badger ( Arctonyx collaris) is a terrestrial Mammal up to long with medium-length brown hair stocky body white throat two black stripes on an elongated Hylopetes is a genus of Flying squirrels Species Particolored Flying Squirrel Hylopetes alboniger ^[4]

The park has a large variety of primates including all free roaming primates in India with the exception of the endemic Western Ghats primates and the newly discovered Arunachal Macaque. Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം The Arunachal Macaque ( Macaca munzala) a relatively large brown primate with a comparatively short tail is a Macaque native to Arunachal Pradesh This includes the vulnerable and rare species of Bengal Slow Loris, Assamese Macaque, Capped Langur, Golden Langur and the only ape found in India — the Hoolock Gibbon. The Bengal Slow Loris ( Nycticebus bengalensis) is a Species of Slow loris. The Assam Macaque ( Macaca assamensis) is a Macaque lives throughout much of southern and southeast Asia, including India, Nepal The lutungs are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the Genus Trachypithecus. Gee's Golden Langur ( Trachypithecus geei) or simply the Golden Langur, is an Old World monkey found in a small region of western Assam, The hoolock gibbons ( Hoolock) also known as hoolocks, are two Primate species from the family of the gibbons ( Hylobatidae) ^[13] Kaziranga's rivers are home to the highly endangered Ganges Dolphin. The Ganges River Dolphin ( Platanista gangetica gangetica) and Indus River Dolphin ( Platanista gangetica minor) are two sub-species of freshwater ^[4]

Birds

See also: List of birds in Kaziranga National Park

A Crimson Sunbird at Kaziranga

An Indian Roller at Kaziranga

Waterfowl breeds in or passing through Kaziranga includes several rare species of geese (Lesser White-fronted Goose), and ducks (Ferruginous Pochard, Baer's Pochard). Kaziranga National Park is a National park and an UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Indian state of Assam. The Crimson Sunbird, Aethopyga siparaja, is a Sunbird. The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World Passerine Birds which thumb|left The Indian Roller ( Coracias benghalensis) was formerly locally called the Blue Jay a Misnomer. Goose (plural geese) is the English name for a considerable number of Birds belonging to the family Anatidae. The Lesser White-fronted Goose ( Anser erythropus) is a Goose closely related to the larger White-fronted Goose ( A For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. The Ferruginous Duck ( Aythya nyroca) is a medium-sized Diving duck. Baer's Pochard ( Aythya baeri) is a Diving duck found in eastern Asia. Other rare riverine birds include kingfishers (Blyth's Kingfisher), herons (White-bellied Heron), pelicans (Dalmatian Pelican, Spot-billed Pelican), shanks (Spotted Greenshank) and terns (Black-bellied Tern). Kingfishers are small bright colored Birds of the three families Alcedinidae ( River kingfishers, Halcyonidae ( Tree kingfishers, and Cerylidae ( Water The Blyth's Kingfisher, Alcedo hercules, is a Kingfisher distributed in Bangladesh, India, China, Bhutan, Myanmar The herons are wading Birds in the Ardeidae family Some are called Egrets or Bitterns instead of herons The White-bellied Heron ( Ardea insignis) is a species of Heron. A pelican is a large water Bird with a distinctive pouch under the beak belonging to the Bird family Pelecanidae. The Dalmatian Pelican ( Pelecanus crispus) is a member of the Pelican family The Spot-billed Pelican ( Pelecanus philippensis) is a member of the Pelican family "Shanks" redirects here For other meanings see Shanks (disambiguation and Shank. The Greenshank Tringa nebularia is a Wader in the large family Scolopacidae the typical waders Terns are Seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily (Sterninae of the gull family Laridae (van Tuinen et al The Black-bellied Tern ( Sterna acuticauda) is a Tern found near large rivers in South Asia. Rare migratory storks and cranes are also seen wintering in the park (Lesser Adjutant, Greater Adjutant, Black-necked Stork, Asian Openbill). Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of Birds Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability Storks are large long-legged long-necked wading Birds with long stout bills, belonging to the family Ciconiidae. Cranes are large long-legged and long-necked Birds of the order Gruiformes, and family Gruidae. The Lesser Adjutant, Leptoptilos javanicus, is a large wading bird in the Stork family Ciconiidae. The Greater Adjutant, Leptoptilos dubius is a large wading Bird in the Stork family Ciconiidae. The Black-necked Stork, Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus is a large wading bird in the Stork family Ciconiidae ^[15]

Kaziranga hosts a large number of raptors, considered a sign of a healthy ecosystem. Birds of prey are Birds that hunt for food primarily on the wing using their keen senses especially vision An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants animals and micro-organisms( Biotic factors in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( This includes the rare Eastern Imperial Eagle, Greater Spotted Eagle, White-tailed Fishing Eagle, Pallas's Fish Eagle, Grey-headed Fish Eagle and the Lesser Kestrel. The Imperial Eagle, Aquila heliaca, is very similar to the Golden Eagle, but a little smaller (length 80 cm wingspan 200 cm The Greater Spotted Eagle ( Aquila clanga) occasionally just called the "Spotted Eagle" is a large Bird of prey. The White-tailed Eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla)also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne (sometimes Ern) or White-tailed Sea-eagle Pallas's Fish-eagle ( Haliaeetus leucoryphus)also known as Pallas's Sea-eagle or Band-Tailed Fish-eagle, is a large brownish Sea-eagle The Grey-headed Fish Eagle ( Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus) is a Bird of prey. The Lesser Kestrel ( Falco naumanni) is a small Falcon. This Species breeds from the Mediterranean across southern central Kaziranga was once home to seven species of vultures. About 99% of the stable vulture population was killed by kidney failure caused by consuming the veterinary drug diclofenac in domestic animal carcasses. Renal failure or kidney Veterinary medicine the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife Diclofenac (marketed as Flector patch, Voltaren, Voltarol, Diclon, Dicloflex Difen, Difene, Cataflam This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by Humans. ^[16] Of these, the Red-headed Vulture, and Eurasian Black Vulture are still near threatened due to their large range, but the Indian Vulture, Slender-billed Vulture and the Indian White-rumped Vulture have suffered cataclysmic loss of numbers and are virtually extinct in the wild, including Kaziranga. The Red-headed Vulture ( Sarcogyps calvus) also known as the Asian King Vulture, Indian Black Vulture or Pondicherry Vulture, is a species Aegypius redirects here For the hero see Aegypius (mythology The Eurasian Black Vulture ( Aegypius monachus) is also known as the The Indian Vulture, Gyps indicus, is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes Eagles kites The Slender-billed Vulture ( Gyps tenuirostris) is a recently recognized Species of Old World vulture. The Indian White-rumped Vulture ( Gyps bengalensis) is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes Eagles The Indian populations of the other two vultures have similar losses — the Griffon Vulture and the Himalayan Griffon, but they are still well represented outside India. The Griffon Vulture, or Eurasian Griffon Vulture, ( Gyps fulvus) is an Old World vulture in the Bird of prey family Accipitridae The Himalayan Griffon Vulture, (Gyps himalayensis, is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes Eagles kites The loss of this many vultures creates a critical void in the scavengers ecological niche in Kaziranga. Scavenging, or necrophagy, is a Carnivorous Feeding behaviour in which a predator consumes Corpses or Carrion that were killed In Ecology, a niche (pronounced nich nēsh or nish A shorthand definition of niche is how an organism makes a living ^[16]

Rare game birds (which were once hunted) include partridges (Swamp Francolin), bustards (Bengal Florican) and pigeons (Pale-capped Pigeon). Game is any Animal hunted for Food or not normally domesticated (such as Venison) Partridges are Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae. They are a non-migratory Old World group The Swamp Partridge or Swamp Francolin ( Francolinus gularis) is a species of Partridge found in parts of India, Nepal and Bustards are large terrestrial Birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. The Bengal Florican, Houbaropsis bengalensis, is a Bustard, the only member of the genus Houbaropsis. The large Bird Genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large stout-bodied pigeons, often referred to as the typical pigeons ^[15] Several other important families of birds inhabit Kaziranga, including rare species of hornbills (Great Indian Hornbill and the lesser risk Wreathed Hornbill), Old World babblers (Jerdon's Babbler, Marsh Babbler) and weaver birds (the common Baya Weaver and the threatened Finn's Weaver), thrushes (Hodgson's Bushchat), Old World warblers (Bristled Grassbird). Hornbills ( family Bucerotidae) are a group of Birds characterized by a long down-curved bill sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible The Great Hornbill, Buceros bicornis also known as Greater Indian Hornbill or Two-horned Calao, is the largest Asian member of the Hornbill family The Wreathed Hornbill ( Rhyticeros undulatus) also known as the Bar-pouched Wreathed Hornbill, is a species of Hornbill found in forests The Old World babblers or timaliids are a large family of mostly Old World Passerine Birds They are rather diverse in size and coloration Jerdon's Babbler Chrysomma altirostre is a Passerine Bird from South Asia. The Marsh Babbler, Pellorneum palustre, is an Old World babbler. The Baya Weaver ( Ploceus philippinus) is a weaver found across South and Southeast Asia. Finn's Weaver or Finn's Baya ( Ploceus megarhynchus) is a species of weaver bird found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra valleys in See also other birds with "thrush" in their name Waterthrush, Shrike-thrush, Thrush Nightingale The Thrushes, Hodgson's Bushchat, Saxicola insignis, is an Old World flycatcher in the genus Saxicola. The " Old World Warblers " family Sylviidae are a family of small Passerine Bird species the names sylviid warblers The Bristled Grassbird, Chaetornis striatus, is a Passerine Bird making up the Monotypic Genus Chaetornis Other threatened species include the Black-breasted Parrotbill and Rufous-vented Prinia. The parrotbills are a group of peculiar Birds native to East and Southeast Asia, though Feral populations are known from elsewhere The prinias are small insectivorous Birds belonging to the Passerine Bird family Cisticolidae. ^[15]

Reptiles, amphibians, and fishes

A Pallas's Fish Eagle at Kaziranga - Kaziranga has large populations of several species of fishing eagles.

See also: List of reptiles in Kaziranga National Park and List of fishes in Kaziranga National Park

Two of the largest snakes in the world (the Reticulated Python and the Rock Python) as well as the longest venomous snake in the world (the King Cobra) are common inside the park. A total of about 42 species of reptiles have been reported from the Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India. The Kaziranga National Park is home to a wide variety of aquatic life including about 42 species of Freshwater fish. Common names reticulated python regal python Asiatic reticulated python Rock Python ( M'Gula) is a fictional Super villain in the Marvel Comics Universe, and is a member of the Serpent Society. The King Cobra ( Ophiophagus hannah) is the world's longest venomous Snake, with a length that can be as large as 5 The park also contains Bengal monitor and Water Monitor populations. Bengal monitor ( Varanus bengalensis) also known as the Common Indian Monitor, is a Monitor lizard found throughout Bangladesh and India For large firefighting devices see Fire monitor. The Water monitor, Varanus salvator is a large species of Monitor lizard The park is home to the rare Monocled Cobra, as well as three of the Big Four — Indian Cobra, Russell's Viper and Common Krait. Monocled Cobra Naja kaouthia is a species of Cobra that has a circular mark behind the hood unlike that of the spectacled Cobra The Big Four are the Venomous snake species considered to be India's and Pakistan's most dangerous as together they account for nearly all Indian and Pakistani "Naja fasciata" redirects here That Taxon as described by Bocage in 1895 refers to the Black-necked Spitting Cobra ( N Common names: Russell's viper chain viper Indian Russell's viper ( more) The Common Krait ( Bungarus caeruleus) is a type of Krait that is found in the Jungles of the Indian Sub-continent.

In all, Kaziranga is home to 15 species of turtles, including the endemic Assam Roofed Turtle, and to one species of tortoise — the Brown Tortoise. Turtles are Reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the Crown group Chelonia) most of Asian Forest Tortoise ( Manouria emys) is a Species of Tortoise found in India ( Assam) Bangladesh, Burma The regional Assam Garden Lizard is present. An agamid lizard found in India (Khasi Hills in Assam 42 species of fishes are found in the Kaziranga area, including the unusual Ocellated pufferfish. Tetraodon is the largest Genus in the Pufferfish family ( Tetraodontidae) ^[17]

Notes