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Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols derived from natural fats and oils, originating in plants, but also synthesized in animals and algae. In Organic chemistry, compounds composed of Carbon and Hydrogen are divided into two classes Aromatic compounds which contain Benzene rings In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is Algae ( sing. alga are a large and diverse group of simple typically Autotrophic organisms ranging from Unicellular to Multicellular forms Their significance in nutrition and health has historically been overlooked, and is only now being realized, as they are closely related to fatty acids, including the well-documented omega 3 fatty acids. In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which n −3 fatty acids (popularly referred to as ω−3 fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated Fatty acids that The other counterparts are fatty aldehydes. Fatty alcohols usually have even number of carbon atoms. Production from fatty acids yields normal-chain alcohols—the alcohol group (-OH) attaches to the terminal carbon. Other processing can yield iso-alcohols—where the alcohol attaches to a carbon in the interior of the carbon chain.

Contents

Current and future uses

The smaller molecules are used in cosmetics and food, and as industrial solvents. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. Some of the larger molecules are simply seen as biofuels, but little research has been done until 2006 regarding many of these, and they have been shown to be have anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, anti-HIV properties, for potential use in medicine and health supplements. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Due to their amphipathic nature, fatty alcohols behave as nonionic surfactants. Amphiphile (from the Greek αμφις amphis both and φιλíα Philia: love friendship is a term describing a Chemical compound possessing both Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the Surface tension of a liquid allowing easier spreading and lower the Interfacial tension between two liquids They find use as emulsifiers, emollients and thickeners in cosmetics and food industry. An emulsion ( IPA: /ɪˈmʌlʃən/ is a mixture of two Immiscible (unblendable liquids Emollients are substances that soften and soothe the Skin. They are used to correct dryness and scaling of the skin Thickening agents, or thickeners, are substances which when added to an aqueous mixture increase its Viscosity without substantially modifying its other properties The food industry is the complex global collective of diverse Businesses that together supply much of the Food energy consumed by the World population.

Fatty alcohols are a common component of waxes, mostly as esters with fatty acids but also as alcohols themselves. Wax has traditionally referred to a substance that is secreted by Bees ( Beeswax) and used by them in constructing their Esters are a class of Chemical compounds and Functional groups Esters consist of an inorganic or organic Acid in which at least In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which

History

Search for polyisoprenoid alcohols was initiated with the accidental discovery of solanesol in tobacco leaves (Rowland RL et al. , J Am Chem Soc 1956, 78, 4680) and isolation of several polyprenols (C30-C45) in cellulose pulp extracts (Lindgren BO, Acta Chem Scan 1965, 19, 1317).

Octacosanol, present in carrots and ginseng, was found to lower cholesterol levels in 1994. Following this, a major paper was released in 2006 and another in 2007 studying hundreds of previously unstudied fatty alcohols. More than 120 cytotoxic anticancer compounds have shown confirmed activity in vitro tumor cell lines bioassay and are of current interest to Natural Cancer Institute (of Poland) for further in vivo evaluation. Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells Examples of toxic agents are a Chemical substance, an Immune cell or some types of Venom In vitro ( Latin: within the glass refers to the technique of performing a given experiment in a controlled environment outside of a living Organism Bioassay is a shorthand commonly used term for biological assay and is a type of scientific Experiment. [1]

Types

Common names

Those with common names include:

Behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, 1-heptacosanol, montanyl alcohol, 1-nonacosanol, myricyl alcohol, 1-dotriacontanol, and geddyl alcohol are together classified as policosanol, with montanyl alcohol and myricyl alcohol being the most abundant. Arachidyl alcohol, also 1-icosanol, is a waxy substance used as an Emollient in Cosmetics. Docosanol, also known as behenyl alcohol, is a saturated Fatty alcohol used mainly as an antiviral agent, specifically for treatment of " Octanosol is a Fatty alcohol with 28 carbon atoms and chemical formula C28H57OH Octanosol is a Fatty alcohol with 28 carbon atoms and chemical formula C28H57OH 1-Triacontanol is a Fatty alcohol of the general formula C30H62O also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol. 1-Triacontanol is a Fatty alcohol of the general formula C30H62O also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol. Cetearyl Alcohol (also Cetostearyl Alcohol or Cetylstearyl Alcohol [http//www Docosanol, also known as behenyl alcohol, is a saturated Fatty alcohol used mainly as an antiviral agent, specifically for treatment of " Octanosol is a Fatty alcohol with 28 carbon atoms and chemical formula C28H57OH 1-Triacontanol is a Fatty alcohol of the general formula C30H62O also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol. Policosanol (or polycosanol) is the generic term for a natural extract of plant Waxes It is used as a Nutritional supplement to lower (bad LDL cholesterol

Nutrition

Very long chain fatty alcohols (VLCFA), obtained from plant waxes and beeswax have been reported to lower plasma cholesterol in humans. For the rock song by Nirvana see Beeswax (song. Beeswax is a natural Wax produced in the bee hive of Honey bees of the genus Cholesterol is a Lipid found in the Cell membranes and transported in the Blood plasma of all Animals It is an essential component of mammalian They can be found in unrefined cereal grains, beeswax, and many plant-derived foods. Reports suggest that 5–20 mg per day of mixed C24–C34 alcohols, including octacosanol and triacontanol, lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 21%–29% and raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 8%–15%. 1-Triacontanol is a Fatty alcohol of the general formula C30H62O also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol. Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) is a type of Lipoprotein that transports Cholesterol and Triglycerides from the Liver to peripheral High-density lipoproteins ( HDL) is one of the 5 major groups of Lipoproteins ( Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL Wax esters are hydrolyzed by a bile salt–dependent pancreatic carboxyl esterase, releasing long chain alcohols and fatty acids that are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Hydrolysis is a Chemical reaction during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. Studies of fatty alcohol metabolism in fibroblasts suggest that very long chain fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes, and fatty acids are reversibly inter-converted in a fatty alcohol cycle. A fibroblast is a type of cell that synthesizes and maintains the Extracellular matrix of many Animal tissues In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which The metabolism of these compounds is impaired in several inherited human peroxisomal disorders, including adrenoleukodystrophy and Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. Peroxisomes are Ubiquitous Organelles in Eukaryotes that participate in the metabolism of Fatty acids and other metabolites Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD (also known as Addison-Schilder Disease or Siemerling-Creutzfeldt Disease) is a rare (1 in 20000 boys inherited disorder that leads to Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (or Rud's syndrome) is a form of Ichthyosis and is therefore referred to as an ichthyosiform [2] Concentrations of VLCFA in blood plasma increase during fasting and when children are placed on ketogenic diets to suppress seizures. Fasting is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all Food, Drink, or both for a period of time An epileptic seizure is caused by excessive and/or hypersynchronous electrical Neuronal activity and is usually self-limiting

Article Sources

See also

References

  1. ^ Natural peroxy anticancer agents
  2. ^ Nutritional Significance and Metabolism of Very Long Chain Fatty Alcohols and Acids from Dietary Waxes - Hargrove et al. 229 (3): 215 - Experimental Biology and Medicine
In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which
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