Symptom/Sign: Fatigue
Classifications and external resources

ICD-10	R53.
ICD-9	780.7
DiseasesDB	30079
MedlinePlus	003088
MeSH	D005221

Fatigue (also called exhaustion, languidness, and lassitude) is a weariness caused by exertion. A symptom' (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident misfortune that which befalls" from συμπίπτω, "I befall" from A Sign is an indication of some fact or quality and a medical sign is an objective indication of some medical fact or quality that is detected by a Physician The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings R00-R69 - Symptoms and Signs (R00-R09 Circulatory and Respiratory systems ( Abnormalities of Heart beat The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. MedlinePlus, with the MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, is a website network containing Health information from the world's largest medical Library Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books It can describe a range of afflictions, varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. It can be both physical and mental. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. ^[1][2][3] It is ubiquitous in everyday life, but usually becomes particularly noticeable during heavy exercise. Mental fatigue, on the other hand, rather manifests in somnolence. Somnolence (or " drowsiness " is a state of near- Sleep, a strong desire for sleep or sleeping for unusually long periods (c

Contents 1 Types 1.1 Physical Fatigue 1.2 Mental fatigue 2 Causes 2.1 Diseases 2.2 Medications 3 Fatigue in aviation 3.1 Fatigue in Military Flight Operations 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Types

Physical Fatigue

Main article: Muscle weakness

Physical fatigue (Fat-eh-goo) or muscle weakness (or "lack of strength") is a direct term for the inability to exert force with one's muscles to the degree that would be expected given the individual's general physical fitness. Muscle weakness (or "lack of strength" is a direct term for the inability to exert force with one's Muscles to the degree that would be expected given the individual's Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the Physical fitness is used in two close meanings general fitness (a state of Health and well-being and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the ability A test of strength is often used during a diagnosis of a muscular disorder before the etiology can be identified. Diagnosis is the identification by Process of elimination, of the nature of anything Etiology (alternatively aetiology, aitiology) is the study of causation. Such etiology depends on the type of muscle weakness, which can be true or perceived as well as central or peripheral. True weakness is substantial, while perceived rather is a sensation of having to put more effort to do the same task. On the other hand, central muscle weakness is an overall exhaustion of the whole body, while peripheral weakness is an exhaustion of individual muscles.

Mental fatigue

See also: Somnolence

In addition to physical, fatigue also includes mental fatigue, not necessarily including any muscle fatigue. Somnolence (or " drowsiness " is a state of near- Sleep, a strong desire for sleep or sleeping for unusually long periods (c Such a mental fatigue, in turn, can manifest itself both as somnolence (decreased wakefulness) or just as a general decrease of attention, not necessarily including sleepiness. Somnolence (or " drowsiness " is a state of near- Sleep, a strong desire for sleep or sleeping for unusually long periods (c Attention is the Cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things In any case, this can be dangerous when performing tasks that require constant concentration, such as driving a vehicle. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. For instance, a person who is sufficiently somnolent may experience microsleeps. A microsleep is an episode of Sleep lasting for a fraction of a second or up to a few seconds However, objective cognitive testing should be done to differentiate the neurocognitive deficits of brain disease from those attributable to tiredness.

Causes

Fatigue is typically the result of working, mental stress, over stimulation and under stimulation, jet lag or active recreation, depression, and also boredom, disease and lack of sleep. Jet lag, also jetlag or jet-lag, is a physiological condition which is a consequence of alterations to Circadian rhythms it is classified Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's Body or Mind. Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, clinical depression, or simply depression Boredom is an Emotional state experienced during periods of lack of activities or when individuals are uninterested in the activities surrounding them A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly Sleep deprivation is a general lack of the necessary amount of Sleep. It may also have chemical causes, such as poisoning or mineral or vitamin deficiencies. In the context of Biology, poisons are substances that can cause damage, Illness, or Death to Organisms usually by A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific A vitamin is an Organic compound required as a Nutrient in tiny amounts by an Organism. Massive blood loss, resulting in anemia, frequently results in fatigue. Anemia ( AmE) or anæmia/anaemia ( BrE) (from the Ancient Greek grc-Latn anaîmia, meaning “without blood” is defined as a qualitative

The sense of fatigue is believed to originate in the reticular activating system of the lower brain. The reticular activating system (or ARAS for Ascending Reticular Activating System is the name given to the part of the Brain (the Reticular formation and its connections Musculoskeletal structures may have co-evolved with appropriate brain structures so that the complete unit functions together in a constructive and adaptive fashion. The musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system is an organ system that gives Animals the ability to physically move using the Muscles and ^[4] The entire systems of muscles, joints, and proprioceptive and kinesthetic functions plus parts of the brain evolve and function together in a unitary way. Proprioception (ˌproʊpriːəˈsɛpʃən PRO -pree-o-SEP-shun from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own" and perception is the Sense ^[5]

Diseases

Temporary fatigue is likely to be a minor illness like the common cold. Acute viral nasopharyngitis or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious viral Infectious disease of the Chronic fatigue, on the other hand, meaning of six months or more duration, is a symptom of a large number of different diseases or conditions.

• Autoimmune diseases
• Anemia
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Anxiety or Panic Disorder
• Arthritis
• Cancer
• Chemical dependency
• Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
• Clinical depression
• Diabetes
• Endometriosis
• Fibromyalgia
• Heart disease
• Hemochromatosis
• Infectious diseases
• Lead poisoning
• Leukemia or Lymphoma
• Lyme disease
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Parkinson's disease
• Post-Concussion Syndrome
• Pregnancy
• Sinusitis
• Sleep deprivation or sleep disorders
• Spondyloarthropathy
• Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
• Wilson's disease

• Certain medications, e. Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive Immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body Anemia ( AmE) or anæmia/anaemia ( BrE) (from the Ancient Greek grc-Latn anaîmia, meaning “without blood” is defined as a qualitative Anorexia Nervosa is a psychiatric Diagnosis that describes an Eating disorder characterized by low Body weight and Body image distortion Anxiety is a physiological and psychological state characterized by Cognitive, Somatic, Emotional and Behavioral components Panic Disorder is a Psychological condition characterized by recurring Panic attacks in combination with significant behavioral change lasting at least a month Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation plural arthritides is a group of conditions involving damage to the Joints of the body Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Physical dependence (or drug dependence) refers to a state resulting from habitual use of a drug where negative physical Withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation Chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS) is the most common name given to a poorly understood variably debilitating disorder or disorders of uncertain causation Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, clinical depression, or simply depression Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Endometriosis (from endo, "inside" and metra, " Womb " is a common medical condition characterized by growth beyond or outside the uterus Fibromyalgia (FM is a disorder classified by the presence of chronic widespread Pain and tactile Allodynia. Heart disease is an Umbrella term for a variety for different diseases affecting the Heart. Haemochromatosis, also spelled hemochromatosis (see spelling differences) also called siderophilia An infectious disease is a clinically evident Disease resulting from the presence of Pathogenic microbial agents including Pathogenic viruses Pathogenic Lead poisoning (also known as saturnism, plumbism, or painter's colic) is a medical condition caused by increased levels of the metal Lead in Leukemia or leukaemia (Greek leukos λευκός, "white" aima αίμα, "blood" is a Cancer of the Blood Lymphoma a type of Neoplasm that originates in Lymphocytes (a type of White blood cell in the vertebrate Immune system) Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is an Emerging infectious disease caused by at least three Species of Bacteria belonging to the Genus Muscular dystrophy (MD refers to a group of genetic, Hereditary Muscle diseases that cause progressive muscle weakness Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's Post-concussion syndrome, also known as postconcussive syndrome or PCS, is a set of symptoms that a person may experience for weeks months or occasionally years Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female Sinusitis is an Inflammation of the Paranasal sinuses which may or may not be as a result of infection from Bacterial fungal, viral Sleep deprivation is a general lack of the necessary amount of Sleep. A sleep disorder (somnipathy is a medical disorder of the Sleep patterns of a person or animal Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS is a rare Medical condition of the Inner ear, first described in 1998 by Dr Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an Autosomal recessive Genetic disorder in which Copper accumulates in tissues Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease g. lithium salts, ciprofloxacin

Medications

• Beta blocker medication causes fatigue, especially after exertion, inducing exercise intolerance. Lithium in pharmacology refers to use of the Lithium Ion, Li+ as a drug Beta blockers (sometimes written as β-blocker) are a class of drugs used for various indications but particularly for the management of Cardiac arrhythmias Exercise intolerance is a condition where the Patient is unable to do Physical exercise at the level or for the duration that would be expected of someone in ^[6]
• Many cancer treatments cause fatigue, particularly chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Fatigue in aviation

In 1999, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA, testified before the U.S. House of Representatives that pilot fatigue impacts aviation safety with "unknown magnitude". The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The report cited evidence of fatigue issues in areas including aviation operations, laboratory studies, high-fidelity simulations, and surveys. The report indicates that studies consistently show that fatigue is an on-going problem in aviation safety. ^[7]

A November 2007 report by the National Transportation Safety Board indicates that air crew fatigue is a much larger, and more widespread, problem than previously reported. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB is an independent U ^[8] The report indicates that since 1993 there have been 10 major airline crashes caused by aircrew fatigue, resulting in 260 fatalities. Additionally, a voluntary anonymous reporting system known as ASAP, Aviation Safety Action Program,^[9] reveals widespread concern among aviation professionals about the safety implications of fatigue. The NTSB published that FAA's response to fatigue is unacceptable and listed the issue among its "Most Wanted" safety issues. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB is an independent U The Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA) is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of ^[10]

Fatigue in Military Flight Operations

In the late 1990s the US Air Force began testing and developing the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST), to address the problem of aircrew fatigue in aircrew flight scheduling. An air force, also known in some countries as an air army or historically an army air corps, is in the broadest sense the national military or armed service ^[11] According to the Air Force Research Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, FAST is a fatigue forecasting system developed by NTI (and SAIC) under a small business innovative research (SBIR) grant from the US Air Force. Fatigue predictions are derived from the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE(tm)) model invented by Dr. Steven Hursh, currently the President of the Institutes for Behavior Resources and Adjunct Professor of Behavioral Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The SAFTE(tm) model has received a broad scientific review and the DoD considers it a complete, accurate, and operationally practical model to aid operator scheduling. ^[12]

After several years of attempting to integrate proactive fatigue risk mitigation into Air Force scheduling, the FAST model fell into mainly a mishap analysis role. Since its 2003 release, FAST was primarily used by the Air Force to investigate fatigue factors in aircraft mishaps, after the fact. ^[13] Following an aircraft mishap, Air Force crash investigators would consult fatigue and human performance experts at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Fatigue Countermeasures Branch at Brooks City-Base in San Antonio, TX. The scientists at the Lab would run the FAST model to determine the possible impact, if any, of aircrew fatigue on the mishap. The tool required expert level knowledge of the data input methods and was ideally suited for analyzing historical flying schedules, but did not achieve widespread use in prevention or future scheduling except in B-2 bomber operations.

In early 2007, the 201 Airlift Squadron of the District of Columbia Air National Guard, successfully integrated FAST into its daily scheduling operations. The District of Columbia Air National Guard is the component of the United States Air National Guard operating within the District of Columbia. This integration required the full-time attention of two pilot schedulers, but yielded valuable risk mitigation data that could be used by planners and leaders to predict and adjust critical times of fatigue in the flight schedule. In August 2007, the Air National Guard Aviation Safety Division funded a project to improve the User Interface of FAST, permitting daily use by pilot schedulers and integration with automated flight scheduling software. The Air National Guard ( ANG), often referred to as the Air Guard, is the air force militia organized by each of the several states and ^[14]

See also

• Combat stress reaction (Battle fatigue)
• Malaise
• Asthenia
• Paresis
• Debility
• Muscle fatigue

References

External links

• Fatigue -- Information for Patients, U. S. National Cancer Institute
• Wrongdiagnosis - Common causes of Fatigue

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