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Not to be confused with Fatah Revolutionary Council or Fatah al-Islam. Abu Nidal (أبو نضال (May 1937&ndashAugust 16 2002 born Sabri Khalil al-Banna, (Arabic صبري خليل البنا was a Palestinian political leader Fatah al-Islam ( Arabic: فتح الإسلام, English: Conquest of Islam) is a radical Sunni Islamist group that
 
Fatah
فتح
 
Fatah emblem
 
Leader Mahmoud Abbas
 
Founded 1959
Headquarters Ramallah
 
Ideology Left-wing nationalism, Socialism
International affiliation Socialist International (observer)
 
Website
http://www.fateh.net/

Fatah (Arabic: فتح‎), literally opening, is a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (Arabic: حركة التحرير الوطني الفلسطيني‎, literally: "Palestinian National Liberation Movement"). Mahmoud Abbas (محمود عباس (born March 26, 1935) also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن was elected President The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Left-wing nationalism is a political movement geared to overcoming the losses and disadvantages experienced by a country due to economic pressure or Deep integration with another Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Fatah is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary A confederation is a group of empowered states or communities usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution In Palestinian politics it is on the center-left of the spectrum. It is mainly nationalist although not predominantly socialist. Fatah has maintained a number of militant groups since its founding. Its mainstream military branch is al-Assifa. Al-Assifa (الاسيفة the Storm) was the mainstream armed wing of the Palestinian political party and militant group Fatah. Unlike its rival Islamist faction Hamas, Fatah is not recognized as a terrorist organization by any government. Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة

In the January 25, 2006 parliamentary election, the party lost its majority in the Palestinian parliament to Hamas, and resigned all cabinet positions, instead assuming the role as the main opposition party. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. On January 25 2006, elections were held for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC the legislature of the Palestinian National Authority Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة In Politics, the opposition comprises one or more political parties or other organized groups that are opposed to the Government, party or group

Contents

Meaning of name

The acronym "FATAH" is created from the complete Arabic name: HArakat al-TAhrir al-Watani al-Filastini, becoming "HATAF", which, since it means "sudden death" in Arabic, was reversed to become "FATAH". [1] The word Fatah is prominently used for the Islamic expansion in the first centuries of Islamic history, and so has strongly positive connotations for Muslims. Muslim history began in Arabia with the Muhammad 's first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion

History

Establishment

Yasser Arafat was the main founder of Fatah and led the group until his death in 2004
Yasser Arafat was the main founder of Fatah and led the group until his death in 2004

The Fatah movement, which espoused a Palestinian nationalist ideology in which Palestine would be liberated by the actions of Palestinian Arabs, was founded in 1954 by members of the Palestinian diaspora — principally professionals working in the Gulf States who had been refugees in Gaza and had gone on to study in Cairo or Beirut. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation An ideology is a set of beliefs aims and Ideas especially in politics Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are made of the kingdoms of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman, the States Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 The founders included Yasser Arafat who was head of the General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS) (1952–56) in Cairo University, Salah Khalaf, Khalil al-Wazir, Khaled Yashruti was head of the GUPS in Beirut (1958–62). Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 The General Union of Palestinian Students ( إتحاد الطلاب الفلسطينين العام) ( GUPS) is an organization run by Palestinian students Cairo University ( جامعة القاهرة, previously Egyptian University and later Fuʾād I University) is an institute of Higher education Salah Mesbah Khalaf ( Arabic صلاح خلف also known as Abu Iyad ( Arabic أبو إياد (born 1933 &ndash January 14, 1991) Khalil Ibrahim al-Wazir ( خليل الوزير) also known by his kunya " Abu Jihad " (Arabic أبو جهاد — Khaled Yashruti (born 1937 in Akko, Palestine - died 1970 in Beirut, Lebanon) was a Palestinian political activist and a leading [2]

Fatah's first major guerrilla attack came on January 3, 1965, when they attempted to sabotage the Israeli National Water Carrier, which had recently started operation and diverted vast amounts of water from the Jordan River which mostly bordered Jordan. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Origins The National Water Carrier of Israel (המוביל הארצי HaMovil HaArtzi) is the largest Water project in Israel. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern The attack was thwarted by the Israeli Security Forces. Security forces in Israel include a variety of organizations including law enforcement, Military, Paramilitary, governmental

Fatah became the dominant force in Palestinian politics after the Six-Day War in 1967. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt It dealt the coup de grâce to the pre-Baathist Arab nationalism that had inspired George Habash's Arab Nationalist Movement, the former dominant mainly Palestinian political party. The Arab Socialist Ba'th Party (also spelled Baath or Ba'ath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي was founded in Damascus Arab nationalism ( Arabic: القومية العربية is a Nationalist ideology which rose to prominence amongst Arabs from the early 20th century onwards George Habash ( جورج حبش) also known by his kunya " al-Hakim " (Arabicالحكيم — the wise one or the doctor) The Arab Nationalist Movement ( Harakat al-Qawmiyyin al-Arab) also known as the Movement of Arab Nationalists and the Harakiyyin, was a Pan-Arab [2] The November 1959 edition of Fatah's underground journal, Filastinuna Nida al-Hayat, indicated that the movement was motivated by the status of the Palestinian refugees in the Arab world:

The youth of the catastrophe (shibab al-nakba) are dispersed. . . Life in the tent has become as miserable as death. . . [T]o die for our beloved Fatherland is better and more honorable than life, which forces us to eat our daily bread under humiliations or to receive it as charity at the cost of our honour. . . We, the sons of the catastrophe, are no longer willing to live this dirty, despicable life, this life which has destroyed our cultural, moral and political existence and destroyed our human dignity. [3]

From the beginning the armed struggle, as manifested in the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine and the military role of Palestinian fighters under the leadership of Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, was central to Fatah's ideology of liberating Palestine by a Palestinian armed struggle. The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine was an uprising during the British mandate by Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939 Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni (عبد القادر الحسيني also spelled Abd al-Qader al-Husseini) (1907-1948 was a Palestinian nationalist and fighter who [2]

Fatah joined the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1967. The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary It was immediately allocated 33 of 105 seats in the PLO Executive Committee. The Executive Committee (PLO EC is the highest executive body of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO Founder Yasser Arafat became Chairman of the PLO in 1969, after the position was ceded to him by Yahya Hammuda. Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization is the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Yahya Hammuda (يحيى حمودة) was the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO Executive Committee from 24 December 1967 [2] According to the BBC, "Mr Arafat took over as chairman of the executive committee of the PLO in 1969, a year that Fatah is recorded to have carried out 2,432 guerrilla attacks on Israel. Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc "[4]

Battle of Karameh

Throughout 1968, Fatah and other Palestinian armed groups were the target of a major Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) operation in the Jordanian village of Karameh, where the Fatah headquarters – as well as a mid-sized Palestinian refugee camp – were located. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit al-Karameh (or simply Karameh) ( is a town in Jordan, near the Allenby Bridge which spans the Jordan River. The town's name is the Arabic word for "dignity", which elevated its symbolism to the Arab people, especially after the Arab defeat in 1967. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language "Symbolic" redirects here For other uses see Symbolism (disambiguation and Symbolic (disambiguation. The operation was in response to attacks against Israel, including rockets strikes from Fatah and other Palestinian militias into the occupied West Bank. Knowledge of the operation was available well ahead of time, and the government of Jordan (as well as a number of Fatah commandos) informed Arafat of Israel's large-scale military preparations. Upon hearing the news, many guerrilla groups in the area, including George Habash's newly formed group the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and Nayef Hawatmeh's breakaway organization the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), withdrew their forces from the town. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr Nayef Hawatmeh ( kunya Abu an-Nuf, b 1935/37 in Salt, Jordan) is a Palestinian politician of Jordanian origin The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP ( Arabic: ' الجبهة الديموقراطية لتحرير فلسطين', transliterated Al-Jabha Fatah leaders were advised by a pro-Fatah Jordanian divisional commander to withdraw their men and headquarters to nearby hills, but on Arafat's orders, Fatah remained, and the Jordanian Army agreed to back them if heavy fighting ensued. Royal Jordanian Land Force is part of the Jordanian Armed forces (JAF [2]

On the night of March 21, the IDF attacked Karameh with heavy weaponry, armored vehicles and fighter jets. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. [2] Fatah held its ground, surprising the Israeli military. As Israel's forces intensified their campaign, the Jordanian Army became involved, causing the Israelis to retreat in order to avoid a full-scaled war. [5] By the end of the battle, nearly 150 Fatah militants had been killed, as well as twenty Jordanian soldiers and twenty-eight Israeli soldiers. Despite the higher Arab death toll, Fatah considered themselves victorious because of the Israeli army's rapid withdrawal. [2]

Black September

In the late 1960s, tensions between Palestinians and the Jordanian government increased greatly; heavily armed Arab resistance elements had created a virtual "state within a state" in Jordan, eventually controlling several strategic positions in that country. After their victory in the Battle of Karameh, Fatah and other Palestinian militias began taking control of civil life in Jordan. They set up roadblocks, publicly humiliated Jordanian police forces, molested women and levied illegal taxes – all of which Arafat either condoned or ignored. [6][7]

The Jordanian government moved to regain control over its territory, and the next day, King Hussein declared martial law. Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice [7] By September 25, the Jordanian army achieved dominance in the fighting, and two days later Arafat and Hussein agreed to a series of ceasefires. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France The Jordanian army inflicted heavy casualties upon the Palestinians – including civilians – who suffered approximately 3,500 fatalities. Two thousand Fatah fighters managed to enter Syria. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية They crossed the border into Lebanon to join Fatah forces in that country, where they set up their new headquarters. [8]

In the 1960s and the 1970s, Fatah provided training to a wide range of European, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African militant and insurgent groups, and carried out numerous attacks against Israeli targets in Western Europe and the Middle East during the 1970s. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Some militant groups that affiliated themselves to Fatah, and some of the fedayeen within Fatah itself, carried out civilian plane hijackings and terrorist attacks, attributing them to Black September, Abu Nidal's Fatah-Revolutionary Council, Abu Musa's group, the PFLP, and the PFLP-GC. Hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take over of an Aircraft, by a person or group usually armed Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The Black September Organization (منظمة أيلول الأسود munazzamat aylul al-aswad) was a Palestinian militant group founded in 1970 Abu Nidal (أبو نضال (May 1937&ndashAugust 16 2002 born Sabri Khalil al-Banna, (Arabic صبري خليل البنا was a Palestinian political leader Abu Nidal (أبو نضال (May 1937&ndashAugust 16 2002 born Sabri Khalil al-Banna, (Arabic صبري خليل البنا was a Palestinian political leader Col Sa'eed Musa al-Muragha (سعيد مُراغة or سعيد موسى(b The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - القيادة Fatah received weapons, explosives and training from the USSR and some Communist regimes of East European states. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. China also provided some weapons. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES

Lebanon

Although hesitant at first to take sides in the conflict, Arafat and Fatah played an important role in the Lebanese Civil War. The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end Succumbing to pressure from PLO sub-groups such as the PFLP, DFLP and the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF), Fatah aligned itself with the Communist and Nasserist Lebanese National Movement (LNM). The Palestine Liberation Front (PLF (جبهة التحرير الفلسطينية is a Palestinian militant group which is designated as a Terrorist organization Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Nasserism is an Arab nationalist Political ideology based on the thinking of the former Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. The Lebanese National Movement (LNM ( Arabic: الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية) was a front of parties and organizations active during the early years Although originally aligned with Fatah, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad feared a loss of influence in Lebanon and switched sides. This page lists presidents and other Heads of State of Syria. Hafez al-Assad (حافظ الأسد) ( October 6, 1930 &ndash June 10, 2000) was president of Syria, for three He sent his army, along with the Syrian-backed Palestinian factions of as-Sa'iqa and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC) led by Ahmad Jibril to fight alongside the radical right-wing Christian forces against the PLO and the LNM. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية As-Sa'iqa (also transliterated as al-Saika, Saeqa, etc from Arabic: الصاعقة meaning storm or thunderbolt; also The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - القيادة Ahmed Jibril (أحمد جبريل born c 1938 is the founder and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command The primary component of the Christian militias was the Maronite Phalangists loyal to President Camille Chamoun. Maronites ( الموارنة,, Syriac: ܡܪܘܢܝܐ, Latin: Ecclesia Maronitarum) are members of one of the Syriac The Lebanese Kataeb Party ( Arabic: الكتائب اللبنانية Kataeb is the Plural of Katiba which is a translation into Arabic of the Greek word This page lists presidents of Lebanon Though it is not specifically stated in the constitution an unwritten understanding known as the National Pact (al-mithaq al-watani agreed in 1943 Camille Nimr Chamoun ( Arabic: كميل نمر شمعون Kamīl Sham'ūn) (b [9]

Phalangist forces killed twenty-six Fatah trainees on a bus in April 1975. In 1976, an alliance of Christian militias with the backing of the Lebanese Army besieged the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp. The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF' ( Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية al-Quwa'at al-Musalha al-Lubna'ani [10] The PLO and LNM retaliated by attacking the town of Damour, a Phalangist stronghold. The Damour massacre took place on 20 January, 1976 during the 1975 &ndash 1990 Lebanese Civil War. Over 330 people were killed and many more wounded. [9] The Tel al-Zaatar camp fell to the Christians after a six-month siege, and a massacre followed in which thousands of Palestinians were killed. The Tel al-Zaatar Massacre (مذبحة تل الزعتر took place during the Lebanese Civil War on August 12, 1976. [11] Arafat and Abu Jihad blamed themselves for not successfully organizing a rescue effort. [9]

PLO cross-border raids against Israel grew somewhat during the late 1970s. One of the most severe - known as the Coastal Road Massacre - occurred on March 11, 1978. Avivim school bus massacre The Coastal Road Massacre of 1978 was a Palestinian hijacking and subsequent shootout with Israeli forces involving an inter-city bus driving Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) A force of nearly a dozen Fatah fighters landed their boats near a major coastal road connecting the city of Haifa with Tel Aviv-Yafo. Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel There they hijacked a bus and sprayed gunfire inside and at passing vehicles, killing thirty-seven civilians. [12][13] In response, the IDF launched Operation Litani three days later, with the goal of taking control of Southern Lebanon up to the Litani River. Background See also Israel-Lebanon conflict Though it took the form of an Israeli military incursion into Southern Lebanon, Operation Litani was grounded The Litani River (نهر الليطاني transliterated: Nahr al-Līţānī classical name Leontes is an important waterway in southern Lebanon The IDF achieved this goal, and Fatah withdrew to the north into Beirut. Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 [14]

After Israel withdrew from Lebanon, Fatah forces resumed firing rockets into the Galilee region of Israel, prompting another invasion in 1982. "Galil" redirects here For the weapon see IMI Galil. Galilee (הגליל ha-Galil, lit the province, Beirut was soon besieged and bombarded by the IDF;[9] To end the siege, the US and European governments brokered an agreement guaranteeing safe passage for Arafat and Fatah – guarded by a multinational force – to exile in Tunis. Tunis ( Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis Despite the exile many Fatah commanders and fighters remained in Lebanon. [9]

When Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982, the faction was dispersed to several Middle Eastern countries with the help of US and other Western governments: Tunisia, Yemen, Algeria, Iraq and others. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. In the period 1982–1993, Fatah's leadership resided in Tunisia. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa.

Renunciation of terrorism and recognition of Israel

Yasser Arafat signed the Declaration of Principles with Israel in 1993 and exchanged mutual renunciations of terrorism with Israel and a mutual recognition between the PLO and Israel, and was allowed to return to the Palestinian territories from exile in Tunisia. Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. The PNC met in a special session on 26 April 1996 to consider the issue of amending the Charter and assigned its legal committee the task of redrafting the Palestinian National Charter consistent with the Arafat letters in order to present it for approval. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) [15] A redrafted charter that does not call for the destruction of Israel has yet to be presented or approved and the official PNA website displays the original, unamended text of the PNC Charter. According to the US Department of State, "The Palestinian National Charter. . . [was] amended by canceling the articles that are contrary to the letters exchanged between the P. L. O. and the Government of Israel 9–10 September 1993. "[16]

Presidential and legislative elections

Until his death, Arafat became the head of the Palestinian National Authority - the provisional entity that was created as a result of Oslo. Farouk Kaddoumi is the current Fatah chairman, elected to the post soon after Arafat's death in 2004. Farouk al-Kaddoumi (alternative transliteration Faruq al-Qaddumi) (فاروق القدومي also known as Abu al-Lutf, born in 1931

Fatah has "Observer Party" status at the Socialist International. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties

Since 2000, the group is a member of the Palestinian National and Islamic Forces,[17] which includes both PLO and non-PLO factions, including Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, listed as terrorist organizations in the West. The Palestinian National and Islamic Forces is a coalition formed shortly after the outbreak of the Second Intifada with the authorization of Yasser Arafat and led Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn Many organizations that are accused of being a terrorist organization deny using Terrorism as a Military tactic to achieve their goals and there is no international [18]

Fatah endorsed Mahmoud Abbas in the Palestinian presidential election of 2005. Mahmoud Abbas (محمود عباس (born March 26, 1935) also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن was elected President The 2005 Palestinian presidential election &mdash the first to be held since 1996 &mdash took place on January 9, 2005 in the West Bank and Gaza

In 2005, Hamas won landslide victories in nearly all the municipalities it contested. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة Municipal elections were held to elect members of local councils in the Palestinian Territories between December 2004 and December 2005 Fatah is "widely seen as being in desperate need of reform", as "the PA's performance has been a story of corruption and incompetence - and Fatah has been tainted. " Political analyst Salah Abdel-Shafi told BBC about the difficulties of Fatah leadership: "I think it's very, very serious - it's becoming obvious that they can't agree on anything. Salah Abdel-Shafi (b 1962 in Gaza City) is a Palestinian economist and currently PLO ambassador to Sweden "[19]

Fatah split

On December 14, 2005, jailed Intifada leader Marwan Barghouti , announced that he had formed a new political party, al-Mustaqbal ("The Future"), mainly composed of members of Fatah's "Young Guard. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Marwan Bin Khatib Barghouti ( مروان البرغوثي born June 6, 1959) is a Palestinian politician and militant leader who gained political authority Al-Mustaqbal ( المستقبل) The Future, was Palestinian Electoral list headed by Marwan Barghouti and registered " These younger leaders have repeatedly expressed frustration with the entrenched corruption in the party, which has been run by the "Old Guard" who returned from exile in Tunisia following the Oslo Accords. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles al-Mustaqbal was to compete against Fatah in the January 2006 Palestinian legislative election, presenting a list including Mohammed Dahlan, Kadoura Fares, Samir Mashharawi and Jibril Rajoub on December 14. On January 25 2006, elections were held for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC the legislature of the Palestinian National Authority Mohammed Dahlan ( محمد دحلان) also known by the kunya or nom de guerre Abu Fadi, is a Palestinian politician the leader Qadura Fares (قدّورة فارس is a Palestinian Authority minister Jibril Rajoub (born 1953) served as the National Security Advisor for the Preventive Security Service during the Arafat administration. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people [20] However, on December 28, 2005, the leadership of the two factions agreed to submit a single list to voters, headed by Barghouti, who began actively campaigning for Fatah from his jail cell. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This further increased the Palestinians' Crisis of Representation

Reactions to the news have been split. Some have suggested that the move could be a positive step towards peace, as Barghouti's new party could help reform major problems in Palestinian government. Others have raised concern that it could wind up splitting the Fatah vote, inadvertently helping Hamas. Barghouti's supporters argue that al-Mustaqbal will split the votes of both parties, both from disenchanted Fatah members as well as moderate Hamas voters who do not agree with Hamas' political goals, but rather its social work and hard position on corruption. Some observers have also hypothesized that the formation of Mustaqbal is mostly a negotiating tactic to get members of the young guard into higher positions of power within Fatah and its electoral list. A variant theory, highly plausible, is that after the elections, Mustaqbal will either be partially re-incorporated into Fatah, or will function as part of a Parliamentary coalition with it in opposition to Hamas and other political rivals. [21]

Some editorialists have drawn a parallel between Barghouti's split from Fatah and the upheaval in Israeli party politics resulting from Ariel Sharon's leaving the Likud to form Kadima. (אריאל Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. [22][23]

Armed factions

While Quwwat Al-Sa'eqa is the official armed body of Fatah movement, many of the other factions have never been officially recognized by Fatah's major leading bodies: The Revolutionary Council and The Central Committee. The Black September Organization (منظمة أيلول الأسود munazzamat aylul al-aswad) was a Palestinian militant group founded in 1970 Tanzim (Arabic تنظيم Organization in Arabic) is a faction of the Palestinian Fatah movement The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in The Fatah Hawks is the name of two Palestinian militant groups one a popular movement of Palestinian youth in the West Bank and Gaza in the 1980s the Force 17 is an elite commando and special operations unit of the Palestinian Fatah movement and later of the Office of the Chairman of the Palestinian Authority At many instances, some of those factions were considered rebellious and outlawed by the Fatah official bodies, especially the Black September group. The Black September Organization (منظمة أيلول الأسود munazzamat aylul al-aswad) was a Palestinian militant group founded in 1970

The Aqsa Martyrs Brigades have close links to Fatah but do not always follow the mainstream and are often involved suicide bombings against Israel despite the Fatah condemnation. They are listed as a terrorist organization by the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

The Fatah Hawks have not been active since 1995 and have been virtually replaced by the Tanzim. Both the Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and the Tanzim are led by Marwan Barghouti. Force 17 plays a role akin to the Presidential Guard for senior Fatah leaders.

See also

References

  1. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain Ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power usually The following is a list of members of Fatah, a Palestinian Political party and militia founded sometime between 1958-1959 Fatah. Retrieved July 30, 2006. "Fatah [. . . ] inverted acronym of Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini [. . . ]"
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Said K. AbusrishAburish, Said K. (1998) Arafat, From Defender to Dictator. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 41–90. ISBN 1-58234-049-8.
  3. ^ Baumgarten, 2005, p. 32)
  4. ^ Fatah: Political heavyweight floored. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-01-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental
  5. ^ Bulloch, John (1983). Final Conflict. Faber Publishing, pp. 165.  
  6. ^ Sayigh, Yezid (1997). Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198296436.
  7. ^ a b Aburish, Said K. (1998). Said K Aburish (سعيد أبو ريش (born 1935 Al-Eizariya) is a Palestinian Journalist and writer From Defender to Dictator. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 100–112. ISBN 1-58234-049-8.  
  8. ^ Rasheda, Mahran. Arafat, the Difficult Number (in Arabic). Dar al-Hayan, pp. 175–181. ISBN 0141272625.  
  9. ^ a b c d e Aburish, Said K. (1998). Said K Aburish (سعيد أبو ريش (born 1935 Al-Eizariya) is a Palestinian Journalist and writer From Defender to Dictator. Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 150–175. ISBN 1-58234-049-8.  
  10. ^ Harris, William (1996). Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions. Markus Wiener Publishers, pp. 162–165. ISBN 1558761152.  
  11. ^ Disputed; In Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions pp. 162–165, William Harris states "Perhaps 3,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians, died in the siege and its aftermath". This source states that 2,000 were killed[1] while this page suggests several thousand. [2]
  12. ^ What happened at Ma'alot, Kiryat Shmona, and other terrorist targets in the 1970s?. Palestine Facts. Retrieved on 2007-10-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople
  13. ^ 133 Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa - Tel Aviv Road- 12 March 1978. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1978-05-12). Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
  14. ^ Time Line: Lebanon Israel Controls South. BBC News. BBC MMVII (2007-10-09). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Retrieved on 2007-10-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
  15. ^ [3]
  16. ^ 1968 - Palestinian National Charter
  17. ^ Statement issued by the National and Islamic Forces February 10, 2001
  18. ^ "Country reports on terrorism", U. S. State Dept. , April 27, 2005
  19. ^ Fatah faces reform crossroads. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-01-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental
  20. ^ Fatah officials negotiate with Barghouti. Jerusalam Post. Retrieved on 2007-01-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental
  21. ^ Main Palestinian Faction Splits Sharply Ahead of Election. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-01-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental
  22. ^ [4]
  23. ^ democracyarsenal.org: Is Marwan Barghouti a Palestinian Ariel Sharon?

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