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For other uses, see fars (disambiguation).
"Baladeh" redirects here. For the place in Afghanistan, see Baladeh, Afghanistan.
fars Province
استان فارس
Location
Map of Iran with fars highlighted.
Info
Admin. Center:
 • Coordinates:		 Shiraz
 • 29.609° N 52.532° E
Area : 122,608 km²
Population(2005):
 • Density :		 {{{pop}}}
 • 35. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/km²
No. of Counties: 23
Time zone: UTC+3:30
Main language(s): Persian
Qashqai
Luri (Mamasani dialect)

pārs (pronounced/fɑː(ɹ)s) (Persian: فارس) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. The provinces of Iran further subdivided into counties called shahrestan ( Persian: شهرستان shahrestān) an area inside an ostan UTC+330 is used in Iran ( Iran Standard Time) This article deals with the languages found in Iran. The Iranian languages article deals with the linguistic branch of the Indo-European languages Qashqai (also spelled Ghashghai, Ghashghayi, Qashqa'i, and Qashqayi) is a Turkic language spoken by the Qashqai, an Iran is subdivided into thirty provinces ( Persian: استان ostān, plural استان‌ها ostānhā) each governed from a local center For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It is in the south of the country and its center is Shiraz. Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. It has an area of 122,400 km². In 1996, this province had a population of 3. 8 million people, of which 56. 7% were registered as urban dwellers, 41. 0% villagers, and 1. 4% nomad tribes. [1]

Fārs is the original homeland of the Persian people. layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox The native name of the Persian language is Fārsi or Pārsi. Persia and Persian both derive from the Hellenized form Πέρσις Persis of the root word Pārs. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Old Persian word was Pārsā.

Contents

Etymology

The name of the Fars is derived from the name of the Persians (Old Persian Pārsa) which settled there. layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox The Old Persian language is one of the two attested Old Iranian languages (besides Avestan)

History

Pre-Islamic era

The ruins of Persepolis
The ruins of Persepolis

The ancient Persians were present in the region from about the 9th century BC, and became the rulers of a large empire under the Achaemenid dynasty in the 6th century BC. Persepolis ( Old Persian: Pārsa, Modern Persian: تخت جمشید/پارسه Takht-e Jamshid or Chehel Minar) was the ceremonial layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located in Fars. Persepolis ( Old Persian: Pārsa, Modern Persian: تخت جمشید/پارسه Takht-e Jamshid or Chehel Minar) was the ceremonial Pasargadae (پاسارگاد was a city in ancient Persia, and is today an Archaeological site and one of only five of Iran's UNESCO World Heritage The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of

The Achaemenid Empire was defeated by Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Shortly after this the Seleucid Empire was establised. The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i However it never extended its power beyond the main trade routes in Fars, and by reign of Antiochus I or possibly later Persis emerged as an independent state that minted its own coins. Antiochus I Soter (unknown - 261 BC was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. [2]

The Seleucid Empire was defeated by the Parthians in 238 BC. Parthia ( Middle Persian: اشکانیان Ashkâniân) was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeastern part of modern Iran Events By place Carthage Hamilcar Barca strikes at the supply lines of the mercenary army besieging Carthage, forcing them to By 205 BC Antiochus III had extended his authority into Persis and it ceased to be an independent state. Antiochus III the Great, ( Greek; ca 241&ndash187 BC ruled 222&ndash187 BC younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus [3]


Babak was the ruler of a small town called Kheir. Babak's efforts in gaining local power at the time escaped the attention of Artabanus IV, the Arsacid Emperor of the time. Artabanus IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 216 to 224 Babak and his eldest son Shapur managed to expand their power over all of Persis.

The subsequent events are unclear, due to the sketchy nature of the sources. It is however certain that following the death of Babak around 220, Ardashir who at the time was the governor of Darabgird, got involved in a power struggle of his own with his elder brother Shapur. Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanid dynasty, was ruler of Istakhr (206-241 subsequently Persia The sources tell us that in 222, Shapur was killed when the roof of a building collapsed on him.

A Sassanid relief showing the investiture of Ardashir I
A Sassanid relief showing the investiture of Ardashir I

At this point, Ardashir moved his capital further to the south of Persis and founded a capital at Ardashir-Khwarrah(formerly Gur, modern day Firouzabad). Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanid dynasty, was ruler of Istakhr (206-241 subsequently Persia For the city in Uttar Pradesh, see Firozabad Firouzabad or Firuzabad ( Sassanid Middle Persian Ardasher-Khwarrah For the city in Uttar Pradesh, see Firozabad Firouzabad or Firuzabad ( Sassanid Middle Persian Ardasher-Khwarrah

After establishing his rule over Persis, Ardashir I rapidly extended his territory, demanding fealty from the local princes of Fars, and gaining control over the neighboring provinces of Kerman, Isfahan, Susiana, and Mesene. Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanid dynasty, was ruler of Istakhr (206-241 subsequently Persia

Artabanus marched a second time against Ardashir I in 224. Their armies clashed at Hormizdeghan, where Artabanus IV was killed. Artabanus IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 216 to 224 He was crowned in 226 at Ctesiphon as the sole ruler of Persia; bringing the 400-year-old Parthian Empire to an end. For the Spanish saint see Ctesiphon of Vergium. Ctesiphon (قطسيفون تیسفون was one of the great cities of the Persian Empire

The Sassanids ruled for 425 years, until the Arab armies conquered the empire.

Islamic era

The cities of Fars province put up a firm resistance to the Arabs during the Islamic Conquest of Iran, particularly in areas around Istakhr. The Islamic conquest of Persia (633–656 led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual extirpation of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia The province however, as well as most of Persia ultimately fell to the conquest.

Fars then passed hand to hand through numerous dynasties, leaving behind numerous historical and ancient monuments; each of which has its own values as a world heritage, reflecting the history of the province, Iran, and western Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The ruins of Bishapur, Persepolis, and Firouzabad are all reminders of this. Bishapur (or Bishâpûr) is an ancient city situated south of modern Faliyan, Iran on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. Persepolis ( Old Persian: Pārsa, Modern Persian: تخت جمشید/پارسه Takht-e Jamshid or Chehel Minar) was the ceremonial For the city in Uttar Pradesh, see Firozabad Firouzabad or Firuzabad ( Sassanid Middle Persian Ardasher-Khwarrah

Administrative Divisions

Fars is located in the south of Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It neighbours Bushehr Province to the west, Hormozgān Province to the south, Kerman and Yazd provinces to the east, Isfahan province to the north and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province to the northwest. Bushehr ( Persian:استان بوشهر is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Hormozgān is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country facing Oman. Kermān is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the south-east of the country Yazd (استان یزد is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Kohgilūyé o Boyer-Ahmad (کهگیلویه و بویراحمد is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. According to the latest divisions, the province contains the following counties:

  1. Estahban
  2. Abadeh
  3. Eqlīd
  4. Bovanat
  5. Jahrum
  6. Darab
  7. Sepidan
  8. Shiraz
  9. Fasa
  10. Firouzabad
  11. Saadat Shahr
  12. Sarvestan
  13. Safashahr
  14. Mohr
  15. Kazeroon
  16. Lar
  17. Lamerd
  18. Marvdasht
  19. Mamasani
  20. Khonj
  21. Neyriz
Fars Province landscape
Fars Province landscape

Climate and Wildlife

There are three distinct climatic regions in the Fars Province. Estahban is a city in Fars Province, Iran. It is the capital of Estahban County. Abadeh ( is a city in Fars province, Iran, situated at an elevation of 6200 feet in a fertile plain on the high road between Isfahan and Shiraz Eqlid County (شهرستان اقلید is a County in Fars Province in Iran. Jahrom is a City in Fars Province, Iran. It is located 190 km southeast of Shiraz, the Capital of Fars province Darab (originally Darabgerd) is a district of the province of Fars in southwestern Iran. Sepidan (also known as Ardakan Fars is a town in the Fars province of Iran. Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. This article is about a city in Iran. See FASA for the roleplaying game company or the Federated Ambulatory Surgery Association, a trade group representing For the city in Uttar Pradesh, see Firozabad Firouzabad or Firuzabad ( Sassanid Middle Persian Ardasher-Khwarrah Mohr is a German language surname and may refer to Bill Mohr (1909–1971 an Australian rules footballer Charles Mohr (1824–1901 Kāzerūn ( is a city in Fars province, Iran, situated between Shiraz and Bushehr. Lar is a city in Fars Province in the south of Iran. It is the capital of Larestan County. Lamerd (known also as Terakmeh, Tarakmeh or Tarakuma is a city in the southern part of Fars province in Iran, with a population of around 25000 Marvdasht (in Persian مرودشت is a city in Fars province of Iran Historical Background Marvdasht is as ancient as the history of Iran Khonj ( Persian: خنج) is a city in Fars province Iran south of Shiraz (270 km distance and with a population of 80000 Neyriz or Niriz or Nairiz is a town in Fars Province in Southern Iran ( First, the mountainous area of the north and northwest with moderate cold winters and mild summers. Secondly, the central regions, with relatively rainy mild winters, and hot dry summers. The third region located in the south and southeast, has moderate winters with very hot summers. The average temperature of Shiraz is 16. 8 °C, ranging between 4. 7° and 29. 2 °C. The geographical and climatic variation of the province causes varieties of plants, consequently, variation of wild life has been formed in the province. Additional to the native animals of the province, many kinds of birds migrate to the province every year. [4] Many kinds of ducks, storks and swallows migrate to this province in annual peride. [5] The main native animals of the province are Gazelle, deer, mountain wild goat, ram, ewe and many kinds of birds. [6] The province of Fars includes many protected wild life zones. The most important protected zones are as following:

Toot Siah (Black Berry) Hunt Forbidden Zone, which is located at the end of Boanat region.

Basiran Hunt Forbidden Zone which is located 4 kilometers south to Abadeh.

Bambo National Park which is located on the north of Shiraz.

Estahban Forest Park ( Parke Jangaly) which is located on the outskirts of Touraj mountain.

Hermoodlar Protected Zone which is located east to larestan. [7]

A panorama of Bakhtiar lake
A panorama of Bakhtiar lake

Economy

Agriculture is of great importance in Fars. The major products include cereal (wheat and barley), citrus fruits, dates, sugar beets and cotton.

Fars has major petrochemical facilities, along with an oil refinery, a factory for producing tires, a large electronics industry, and a sugar mill.

Tourism is also a large industry in the province. UNESCO has designated an area in the province, called Arjan (known as Dasht e Arjan) as a biosphere reserve. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April,

Demographics

Due to the geographical characteristics of Fars and its proximity to the Persian Gulf, Fars has long been a residing area for different natives and tribes from other parts of the world such as the Turks, Semites, and Aryans who were under the influence of Iranian culture. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family In Linguistics and Ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical " Shem " Hebrew שם translated as "name" Arabic: ساميّ Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" However, the original tribes of Fars including Qashqai, Mamasani Lurs, Khamseh and Kohkiluyeh have kept their native and unique cultures and lifestyles which constitute part of the cultural heritage of Iran attracting many tourists. Qashqai (qaʃqaːʔiː also spelled Ghashghai, Qashqay and Qashqa'i) are a Turkic people living in Iran. Lors (also Lurs Persianلر are a branch of Iranian people living mostly in south-western Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Shiraz's ( provincial capital of fars) wine is one of the most famous kind of wine in the world. There used to be a lot of wine factories in this city. After the Islamic revolution in 1979 due to an Islamic law all wine factories were shut down. The province has a population of 4. 4 million approximately.

Transportation

Shiraz Airport is the main international airport of the province and the second in the country. Shiraz International Airport is located in Shiraz, Iran. It is the main international airport of Fars province The cities of Lar and Lamerd also have airports linking them with Shiraz and Tehran and nearby Persian Gulf countries such as the UAE and Bahrain. Shiraz is along the main route from Tehran to southern Iran. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of

Colleges and universities

Fars province contains the following major universities:

Notables from Fars

Fars Province in poetry

Fars: The ancient homeland of Persia. Saeed Emami (سعید امامی also known as Saeed Eslami, and Mojtaba Ghavami; 1959 – 1999 was the deputy minister of intelligence under Ali Fallahian Gholam Reza Azhari (1912 – November 5, 2001 was a military leader and Prime Minister of Iran. Siyyid `Alí Muḥammad ( ( October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850) was the founder of Bábism, and one of three central figures of the Siyyid `Alí Muḥammad ( ( October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850) was the founder of Bábism, and one of three central figures of the

روی گفتم که در جهان بنهم
گردم از قید بندگی آزاد

که نه بیرون پارس منزل هست
شام و روم و بصره و بغداد

"I said, turn your path to the greater world,
So I should be free of the chains of slavery.

But I found no place for me outside of Fars,
Not Levant, not Anatolia, not Basra, nor Baghdad. "

Hafez

photo gallery

photographer : Hamid Parsi

photographer : Hamid Parsi

photographer : Hamid Parsi

The Persepolis in Fars, Iran

References

  1. ^ Iran fars-shiraz
  2. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. Khwāja Šamsu d-Dīn Muḥammad Hāfez-e Šīrāzī, or simply Hāfez ( was a Persian mystic and Poet. Persepolis ( Old Persian: Pārsa, Modern Persian: تخت جمشید/پارسه Takht-e Jamshid or Chehel Minar) was the ceremonial Fars (pronounced/fɑː(ɹs ( Persian: فارس Fârs) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. 3 (1), p. 299
  3. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 3 (1), p. 302
  4. ^ Iran fars-shiraz
  5. ^ Iran fars-shiraz
  6. ^ Iran fars-shiraz
  7. ^ Iran fars-shiraz

External links


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