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Faroese
føroyskt 
Pronunciation: [ˈføːɹɪst], [ˈføːɹɪʂt]
Spoken in: Faroe Islands, Denmark, Norway
Total speakers: 60,000–80,000
Language family: Indo-European
 Germanic
  North Germanic
   West Scandinavian
    Faroese 
Writing system: Latin (Faroese variant) 
Official status
Official language in: Flag of the Faroe Islands Faroe Islands
Regulated by: Føroyska málnevndin
Language codes
ISO 639-1: fo
ISO 639-2: fao
ISO 639-3: fao 
Faroese keyboard layout
Faroese keyboard layout
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. The Faroese alphabet consists of 29 letters derived from the Latin alphabet: See also Alphabets derived from the Latin The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse This is a list of bodies that regulate Standard languages Natural languages Auxiliary languages Interlingua The auxiliary language ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages QWERTY keyboardjpg|thumb|right|300px|QWERTY keyboard on a Laptop of 2007]]A keyboard layout is any specific mechanical, visual, or functional In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

Faroese (føroyskt, pronounced [ˈføːɹɪst] or [ˈføːɹɪʂt]), often also spelled Faeroese (cf. Merriam-Webster, which prefers this spelling), is a West Nordic or West Scandinavian language spoken by 48,000 people in the Faroe Islands and about 12,000 Faroese in Denmark. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse The Faroese or Faroe Islanders ( Føroyingar) are the people of the Faroe Islands in Northern Europe of Norse and Celtic The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe It is one of three insular Scandinavian languages descended from the Old Norse language spoken in Scandinavia in the Viking Age, the others being Icelandic and the extinct Norn, which is thought to have been mutually intelligible with Faroese. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Viking Age is the term denoting the years from about 700 to 1066 in European history. Icelandic ( is a North Germanic language, the language of Iceland. Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken on Shetland and Orkney, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, and in In Linguistics, mutual intelligibility is recognized as a relationship between Languages in which speakers of different but related languages can readily understand

Contents

History

The approximate extent of Old Norse and related languages in the early 10th century:       Old West Norse dialect       Old East Norse dialect       Old Gutnish dialect       Crimean Gothic       Old English       Other Germanic languages with which Old Norse still retained some mutual intelligibility
The approximate extent of Old Norse and related languages in the early 10th century:       Old West Norse dialect       Old East Norse dialect       Old Gutnish dialect       Crimean Gothic       Old English       Other Germanic languages with which Old Norse still retained some mutual intelligibility

At one point, the language spoken in the Faroe Islands was Old West Norse, which Norwegian settlers had brought with them during the time of the landnám that began in AD 825. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Old Gutnish was the dialect of Old Norse that was spoken on the island of Gotland. Crimean Gothic was a Germanic dialect spoken by the Crimean Goths in some isolated locations in Crimea (now in Ukraine) until the late 18th The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Events By Place Europe Egbert of Wessex defeats Beornwulf of Mercia at Ellandun. However, many of the settlers weren't really Norwegians, but descendants of Norwegian settlers in the Irish Sea. The Irish Sea ( Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann; Scottish Gaelic: Muir Eireann Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, In addition, native Norwegian settlers often married women from Norse Ireland, the Orkneys, or Shetlands before settling in the Faroe Islands and Iceland. As a result, Celtic languages influenced both Faroese and Icelandic. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. Icelandic ( is a North Germanic language, the language of Iceland. This may be why, for example, Faroese has two words for duck: dunna (from Gaelic tunnag) for a domestic duck, and ont (from Old Norse ǫnd) for a duck in general. The Goidelic languages, (also sometimes called particularly in colloquial situations the Gaelic languages or collectively Gaelic) historically formed a Dialect Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age (This example has been criticized, however, by people claiming that the word is derived from Old Norse dunna, from Proto-Germanic *dusnō. Proto-Germanic, or Common Germanic, is the hypothetical common ancestor ( Proto-language) of all the Germanic languages such as modern English ) There is also some debatable evidence of Celtic language place names in the Faroes: for example Mykines and Stóra & Lítla Dímun have been hypothesized to contain Celtic roots. Mykines is the western-most of the main 18 islands in the Faroe Islands. Stóra Dímun is an island in the southern Faroe Islands, sometimes only referred to as Dímun. Lítla Dímun is a small island between the islands of Suðuroy and Stóra Dímun in the Faroe Islands.
Other examples of early introduced words of Celtic origin are; "blak/blaðak" (buttermilk) Irish bláthach; "drunnur" (tail-piece of an animal) Irish dronn; "grúkur" (head, headhair) Irish gruaig; "lámur" (hand, paw) Irish láhm; "tarvur" (bull) Irish tarbh; and "ærgi" (pasture in the outfield) Irish áirge. Buttermilk is a Fermented dairy product produced from Cow's milk with a characteristically sour taste Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language used from the 10th to 12th centuries it is therefore a contemporary Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language used from the 10th to 12th centuries it is therefore a contemporary In Anatomy, the head of an Animal is the Rostral part (from Anatomical position that usually comprises the Brain, Eyes Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language used from the 10th to 12th centuries it is therefore a contemporary The hands ( med / lat: manus pl manūs are the two intricate prehensile multi- Fingered body parts normally located at the end of each arm of a paw is the soft Foot of a Mammal, generally a Quadruped, that has Claws or nails Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language used from the 10th to 12th centuries it is therefore a contemporary Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language used from the 10th to 12th centuries it is therefore a contemporary Pasture is land with Herbaceous vegetation cover used for grazing of Ungulate Livestock as part of a Farm or Ranch. The outfield is a Sporting term used in Cricket and Baseball to refer to the area of the Field of play further from the Batsman Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language used from the 10th to 12th centuries it is therefore a contemporary [1]


Between the 9th and the 15th centuries, a distinct Faroese language evolved, although it was still intelligible with Old West Norse language. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age This would have been closely related to the Norn language of Orkney and Shetland. Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken on Shetland and Orkney, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, and in Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland; Old Norse non Hjaltland; Sealtainn is an Archipelago off the northeast coast of

Until the 15th century, Faroese had a similar orthography to Icelandic and Norwegian, but after the Reformation in 1536, the ruling Danes outlawed its use in schools, churches and official documents. Icelandic ( is a North Germanic language, the language of Iceland. Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants The islanders continued to use the language in ballads, folktales, and everyday life. A ballad is a Poem usually set to Music; thus it often is a story told in a Song. History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological This maintained a rich spoken tradition, but for 300 years the language was not written. Oral history can be defined as the recording preservation and interpretation of historical information, based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker

This changed when Venceslaus Ulricus Hammershaimb, along with the Icelandic grammarian, and politician, Jón Sigurðsson, published a written standard for Modern Faroese 1854 that exists to this day. Venceslaus Ulricus Hammershaimb (1819 &ndash 1909 established the modern orthography of Faroese, the language of the Faroe Islands, in 1854 Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Although this would have been an opportunity to create a phonetically true orthography like that of Welsh, he produced an orthography consistent with a continuous written tradition extending back to Old Norse. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific Writing system to write the language The letter ð, for example, has no specific phonemes attached to it. Eth ( Ð, ð; also spelled edh or eð) is a letter used in Old English, Icelandic, Faroese (in The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU Furthermore, although the letter 'm' corresponds to the bilabial nasal as it does in English, it also corresponds to the alveolar nasal in the dative ending -um [ʊn]. M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm The bilabial nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in almost all spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The alveolar nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in numerous spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents The dative case is a Grammatical case generally used to indicate the Noun to whom something is given

Hammershaimb's orthography met with some opposition for its complexity, and a rival system was devised by Jakob Jakobsen. Dr phil Jakob (properly Jákup Jakobsen, (* 22 February 1864 in Tórshavn, Faroe; † 15 August 1918 in Copenhagen Jakobsen's orthography was closer to the spoken language, but was never taken up by speakers.

In 1937, Faroese replaced Danish as the official school language, in 1938 as church language, and in 1948 as national language by the Home Rule Act of the Faroes. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, Faroese didn't become the common language in the media and advertising until the 1980s. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Today, Danish is considered a foreign language, though around 5% of the Faroe Islanders learn it as a first language and it is a required subject for students 3rd grade and up.

Learning Faroese

It is unusual for Faroese to be taught at universities outside the Faroes (within Scandinavian studies). However, University College London and the University of Copenhagen have course options in Faroese for students reading Scandinavian Studies. University College London ( UCL) is a multi-faculty university institution based in the United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London So most students are forced to learn it autodidactically by books, listening to Faroese on the radio (there is an internet live stream) and trying to correspond with Faroese people. A good opportunity for learning Faroese is also visiting the websites of Postverk Føroya and reading their stories about the stamp editions both in Faroese and English (or German, French and Danish). Postverk Føroya ˈfœɹja}} is the postal service of the Faroe Islands and was founded on 1 April 1976 under the Home Rule of the Faroe

The University of the Faroe Islands offers an annual Summer institute over 3 weeks including:

Alphabet

Main article: Faroese alphabet
Some Faroese isoglosses
Some Faroese isoglosses

The Faroese alphabet consists of 29 letters derived from the Latin alphabet:

Majuscule Forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A Á B D Ð E F G H I Í J K L M N O Ó P R S T U Ú V Y Ý Æ Ø
Minuscule Forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a á b d ð e f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v y ý æ ø

Notes:

Phonology

Vowels

Grapheme Name Short Long
A, a fyrra a [ˈfɪɹːa ɛaː] ("leading a") /a/ /ɛaː/
Á, á á [ɔaː] /ɔ/ /ɔaː/
E, e e [eː] /ɛ/ /eː/
I, i fyrra i [ˈfɪɹːa iː] ("leading i") /ɪ/ /iː/
Í, í fyrra í [ˈfɪɹːa ʊiː] ("leading í") /ʊi/ /ʊiː/
O, o o [oː] /ɔ/ /oː/
Ó, ó ó [ɔuː] /œ/ /ɔuː/
U, u u [uː] /ʊ/ /uː/
Ú, ú ú [ʉuː] /ʏ/ /ʉuː/
Y, y seinna i [ˈsaiːdna iː] ("rear i") /ɪ/ /iː/
Ý, ý seinna í [ˈsaiːdna ʊiː] ("rear í") /ʊi/ /ʊiː/
Æ, æ seinna a [ˈsaiːdna ɛaː] ("rear a") /a/ /ɛaː/
Ø, ø ø [øː] /œ/ /øː/
Other vowels
ei - /ai/ /aiː/
ey - /ɛ/ /ɛiː/
oy - /ɔi/ /ɔiː/

As in various other Germanic languages, stressed vowels in Faroese are long when not followed by two or more consonants. In Typography, a grapheme is the fundamental unit in written language. The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural Á, á ( A - acute) is a letter of the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak languages E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ Í, í ( I - acute) is a letter of Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Czech, Slovak, and Tatar language O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes Ó, ó ( O - acute) is a letter in the Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Polish, Czech U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Æ ( minuscule: æ) is a Grapheme formed from the letters A and E. The " Ø " ( minuscule: " ø " is a Vowel and a letter used in the Danish, Faroese and Norwegian Two consonants or a consonant cluster usually indicates a short vowel. Exceptions may be short vowels in particles, pronouns, adverbs, and prepositions in unstressed positions, consisting of just one syllable.

As may be seen on the table to the left, Faroese (like English) has a very atypical pronunciation of its vowels, with odd offglides and other features. For example, long í and ý sound almost like a long Hiberno-English i, and long ó like an American English long o. Hiberno-English also known as Anglo-Irish and Irish English is English as spoken in Ireland, partly the result of the interaction of the English Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology.


Short vowels in endings

While in other languages a short /e/ is common for inflectional endings, Faroese uses /a, i, u/. This means that there are no unstressed short vowels except for these three. Even if a short unstressed /e/ is seen in writing, it will be pronounced like /i/: áðrenn [ˈɔaːɹɪnː] (before). Very typical are endings like -ur, -ir, -ar. The dative is often indicated by -um which is always pronounced [ʊn].

Unstressed /i/ and /u/ in dialects
Borðoy, Kunoy, Tórshavn Viðoy, Svínoy, Fugloy Suðuroy Elsewhere (standard)
gulur (yellow) [ˈɡ̊uːləɹ] [ˈɡ̊uːləɹ] [ˈɡ̊uːløɹ] [ˈɡ̊uːlʊɹ]
gulir (yellow pl. Borðoy is an island in the north-east of the Faroe Islands. There are eight settlements Klaksvík (the second largest town in the Faroes Norðoyri Kunoy (meaning Woman island) is an island located in the north-east of the Faroe Islands between Kalsoy and Borðoy (to which it is Tórshavn (ˈtʰɔuʂhaun is the Capital of the Faroe Islands. Viðoy is the northern-most island in the Faroe Islands, located east of Borðoy to which it is linked via a causeway Svínoy is an island located in the north-east of the Faroe Islands, to the east of Borðoy and Viðoy. Fugloy is the eastern-most island in the Faroe Islands. The name means bird island after the large number of birds that nest on the island's cliffs Tvøroyri The biggest mountain Gluggarnir 610 mMountains 55 --> Suðuroy (literally South Island is the southernmost of the Faroe Islands ) [ˈɡ̊uːləɹ] [ˈɡ̊uːləɹ] [ˈɡ̊uːløɹ] [ˈɡ̊uːlɪɹ]
bygdin (the town) [ˈb̥ɪɡ̊d̥ɪn] [ˈb̥ɪɡ̊d̥ən] [ˈb̥ɪɡ̊d̥øn] [ˈb̥ɪɡ̊d̥ɪn]
bygdum (the towns dat. pl. ) [ˈb̥ɪɡ̊d̥ʊn] [ˈb̥ɪɡ̊d̥ən] [ˈb̥ɪɡ̊d̥øn] [ˈb̥ɪɡ̊dʊn]
Source: Faroese: An Overview and Reference Grammar, 2004 (page 350)

In some dialects, unstressed /ʊ/ is realized as [ø] or is reduced further to [ə]. /ɪ/ goes under a similar reduction pattern so unstressed /ʊ/ and /ɪ/ can rhyme. This can cause spelling mistakes related to these two vowels. The table to the right displays the different realizations in different dialects.


Glide Insertion

Faroese avoids having a hiatus between two vowels by inserting a glide. Hiatus (Latin "yawning" (haɪˈeɪtəs in Linguistics is the separate pronunciation of two adjacent Vowels sometimes with an intervening Glottal stop Semivowels — also known as glides or non-syllabic vowels —are Vowels that form Diphthongs with full syllabic vowels Orthographically, this is shown in three ways:

  1. vowel + ð + vowel
  2. vowel + g + vowel
  3. vowel + vowel

Typically, the first vowel is long and in words with two syllables always stressed, while the second vowel is short and unstressed. In Faroese, short and unstressed vowels can only be /a/, /i/, /u/.

Ð and G as glides

Glide insertion
First vowel Second vowel Examples
i [ɪ] u [ʊ] a [a]
Grapheme Phoneme Glide
I-surrounding Type 1
i, y [iː] [j] [j] [j] sigið, siður, siga
í, ý [ʊiː] [j] [j] [j] mígi, mígur, míga
ey [ɛiː] [j] [j] [j] reyði, reyður, reyða
ei [aiː] [j] [j] [j] reiði, reiður, reiða
oy [ɔiː] [j] [j] [j] noyði, royður, royða
U-surrounding Type 2
u [uː] [w] [w] [w] suði, mugu, suða
ó [ɔuː] [w] [w] [w] róði, róðu, Nóa
ú [ʉuː] [w] [w] [w] búði, búðu, túa
I-surrounding Type 2, U-surrounding Type 2, A-surrounding Type 1
a, æ [ɛaː] [j] [v] - ræði, æðu, glaða
á [ɔaː] [j] [v] - ráði, fáur, ráða
e [eː] [j] [v] - gleði, legu, gleða
o [oː] [j] [v] - togið, smogu, roða
ø [øː] [j] [v] - løgin, røðu, høgan
Source: Faroese: An Overview and Reference Grammar, 2004 (page 38)

<Ð> and <G> are used in Faroese orthography to indicate one of a number of glide rather than any one phoneme. This can be:

  1. [j]
    • "I-surrounding, type 1" - after /i, y, í, ý, ei, ey, oy/: bíða [ˈbʊija] (to wait), deyður [ˈdɛijʊɹ] (dead), seyður [ˈsɛijʊɹ] (sheep)
    • "I-surrounding, type 2" - between any vowel (except "u-vowels" /ó, u, ú/) and /i/: kvæði [ˈkvɛajɪ] (ballad), øði [ˈøːjɪ] (rage).
  2. [w] "U-surrounding, type 1" - after /ó, u, ú/: Óðin [ˈɔuwɪn] (Odin), góðan morgun! [ˌgɔuwan ˈmɔɹgʊn] (good morning!), suður [ˈsuːwʊɹ] (south), slóða [ˈslɔuwa] (to make a trace). Odin (ˈoʊdɪn from Old Norse Óðinn) is considered the chief god in Norse paganism.
  3. [v]
    • "U-surrounding, type 2" - between /a, á, e, æ, ø/ and /u/: áður [ˈɔavʊɹ] (before), leður [ˈleːvʊɹ] (leather), í klæðum [ɪˈklɛavʊn] (in clothes), í bløðum [ɪˈbløːvʊn] (in newspapers).
    • "A-surrounding, type 2"
      • These are exceptions (there is also a regular pronunciation): æða [ˈɛava] (eider-duck), røða [ˈɹøːva] (speech).
      • The past participles have always [v]: elskaðar [ˈɛlskavaɹ] (beloved, nom. In Linguistics, a participle (from Latin participium, a Calque of Greek μετοχη "partaking" is a derivative of a non-finite , acc. fem. pl. )
  4. Silent
    • "A-surrounding, type 1" - between /a, á, e, o/ and /a/ and in some words between <æ, ø> and <a>: ráða [ˈɹɔːa] (to advise), gleða [ˈg̊leːa] (to gladden, please), boða [ˈboːa] (to forebode), kvøða [ˈkvøːa] (to chant), røða [ˈɹøːa] (to make a speech)

Skerping (sharpening)

Skerping
Written Pronunciation instead of
-ógv- [ɛɡv] *[ɔuɡv]
-úgv- [ɪɡv] *[ʉuɡv]
-eyggj- [ɛdːʒ] *[ɛidːʒ]
-íggj-, -ýggj- [ʊdːʒ] *[ʊidːʒ]
-eiggj- [adːʒ] *[aidːʒ]
-oyggj- [ɔdːʒ] *[ɔidːʒ]

The so-called "skerping" (Thráinsson et al. use the term "Faroese Verschärfung" - in Faroese, skerping /ʃɛɹpɪŋɡ/ means "sharpening") is a typical phenomenon of fronting back vowels before [ɡv] and monophthongizing certain diphthongs before [dːʒ]. Skerping is not indicated orthographically. These consonants occur often after /ó, ú/ (ógv, úgv) and /ey, í, ý, ei, oy/ when no other consonant is following.

Consonants

Labial Apical Post-
alveolar		 Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p b t d k ɡ
Affricate tʃ dʒ
Fricative f v s ʃ h
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant w l ɹ j

There are several phonological processes involved in Faroese, including:

Omissions in consonant clusters

Faroese tends to omit the first or second consonant in clusters of different consonants:

Grammar

Main article: Faroese grammar

Faroese grammar is related and very similar to that of modern Icelandic and Old Norse. Faroese grammar is related and very similar to that of Icelandic and to less extent Elfdalian. Icelandic grammar is a body of rules specifying how meanings are created in Icelandic. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Faroese is an inflected language with three grammatical genders and four cases: nominative, accusative, dative and genitive. For fusion in Word formation, see Compound (linguistics. A fusional language (also called inflecting language) is a In Linguistics, grammatical genders, sometimes also called Noun classes are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words every noun must belong In Grammar, the case of a Noun or Pronoun indicates its Grammatical function in a greater Phrase or Clause; such as the The nominative case is a Grammatical case for a Noun, which generally marks the subject of a Verb, as opposed to its object or other The accusative case ( abbreviated ACC) of a Noun is the Grammatical case used to mark the Direct object of a Transitive The dative case is a Grammatical case generally used to indicate the Noun to whom something is given In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another

Further reading

This is a chronological list of books about Faroese still available.

References

  1. ^ Chr. Matras. Greinaval - málfrøðigreinir. FØROYA FRÓÐSKAPARFELAG 2000

External links

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