Faraun is a name given to Croatian merchants from the town of Trpanj in Croatia who in the late 1800s started insisting in using the Croatian language in their correspondence with their Italian suppliers. Trpanj is a town and municipality of Dubrovnik-Neretva County in south eastern Croatia. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring
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Background
Like most other Dalmatian merchants, Trpanj businessmen used Italian wholesalers in Trieste, and to do so they communicated in Italian. Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Trieste (Trieste Slovene and Croatian: Trst; German: Triest) is a city and port in northeastern Italy very near to In early 1890s, Ivo Cibilic, a wholesaler from Alexandria, originally from Trpanj wrote as a freelancer in the Narodni List, a Croatian newspaper printed in Zadar, suggesting that Trpanj merchants switch to using Croatian in their correspondence with their Italian suppliers for namely two reasons:
- it would provide young Croatians (usually the sons of merchant families who were studying in Trieste) with jobs as translators
- it would be a symbolic gesture of respect towards Croatian language and culture
The Narodni List in its no. Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea, with a population of 72717 (2001 58 issue from 1893 reports that at a special dinner held at the Croatian library in Trpanj on 15 August 1893, the Trpanj merchants vowed to exclusively use Croatian in their business dealings, and to refuse to do business with merchants that do not use Croatian in their transactions. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The town merchants signed a proclamation to that effect which was published on the front page in the no. 69 issue of the Narodni List on 30 August 1893. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Reaction
The autonomasi which is a Croatian term given to the Italian minority in Croatia and to all those opposed to an emerging Croatian national identity, published a satirical song against the merchants from Trpanj in their own newspaper Il Dalmata. The author A. Piasevoli wrote that a faraun race emerged from Trpanj as a result of the mating between a Latin mule and an Egyptian donkey. The result of this mating is the Faraun bastard that betrayed his Latin-Italian origins. The source of the name came from the fact that other towns on Pelješac used it to refer to the townspeople in Trpanj by implying that they are Gypsies. Pelješac ( Chakavian: Pelišac is a Peninsula in southern Croatia, in the Dubrovnik-Neretva county. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins
Consequences
The Trpanj merchants were thus first in Dalmatia to require that commercial correspondence be carried out in Croatian, at a time when aristocracy and citizens of Italian upbringing tried to negate any cultural character of the language of the masses. The proclamation from Trpanj had ignited negative reactions from automasi from all over Dalmatia. The initially derogatory term Faraun however became a source of pride for anyone associated with it as it represented the effort to introduce the national language into every sphere of society.
The name Faraun was used for the Trpanj soccer team founded in 1921. It was also used to label the top quality range of sardine products by the now closed Divna factory in Trpanj. Ivan Mirkovic, a Trpanj businessman from San Pedro U. S. A. , also specializing in fishing used the name Faraon for his products. Today the main hotel in Trpanj is named Faraon.
See also
References
- All factual information in this article is based on paraphrased and summarised translations of the Faraun chapter from the 1989 book in the Croatian language "Trpanj proslost, sadasnjost, spomenici" (Trpanj past, present, monuments) by Dr. Trpanj is a town and municipality of Dubrovnik-Neretva County in south eastern Croatia. Illyrian movement (Ilirski pokret also Croatian national revival ( Hrvatski narodni preporod) was a cultural and political campaign initiated by a group of Dalmatian is an extinct Romance language formerly spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and as far south as Kotor in Montenegro This article is about the field of language planning & policy Historical linguistics (also called diachronic linguistics) is the study of language change Frano Glavina.