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This article is about the superheroes. For other uses, see Fantastic Four (disambiguation).
Fantastic Four

Promotional art for Fantastic Four #509 (March 2004)
by Mike Wieringo and Karl Kesel
Publication information
Publisher Marvel Comics
Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby
In story information
Base(s) Baxter Building
Member(s) Mister Fantastic
Invisible Woman
Human Torch
Thing
Roster
See:List of Fantastic Four members


The Fantastic Four is a fictional superhero team appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. Michael Lance "Mike" Wieringo ( June 24, 1963 &ndash August 12, 2007) who sometimes signed his work under the name ' Ringo Karl Kesel (born 1959 is an American comics writer and inker whose works have primarily been under contract for DC Comics. Marvel Comics is an American comic book company owned by Marvel Publishing Inc Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book The Baxter Building is a fictitious 35-story office building in Manhattan whose five upper floors house the Fantastic Four 's headquarters in the Marvel Mr Fantastic ( Reed Richards) is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics Superhero and a member of the Fantastic Four. Susan Storm Richards (also known as Invisible Girl and later Invisible Woman) is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics superheroine The Human Torch ( Jonathan "Johnny" Storm) is a Fictional character and Superhero of the Marvel Comics universe The Thing ( Benjamin "Ben" Jacob Grimm) is a Fictional character, a founding member of the Superhero team known as the Fantastic Four The Fantastic Four is a team of Comic book Superheroes in the Marvel Comics universe. A superhero (sometimes rendered super-hero or super hero) is a Fictional character "of unprecedented physical prowess dedicated to acts of derring-do A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative Marvel Comics is an American comic book company owned by Marvel Publishing Inc The group debuted in The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961), which helped to usher in a new naturalism in the medium. Naturalism is a movement in Theatre, film, and Literature that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" They were the first superhero team created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist and co-plotter Jack Kirby. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book

There are four core individuals traditionally associated with the Fantastic Four, who gained superpowers after exposure to cosmic rays during a scientific mission to outer space. Superpowers (also super powers or simply powers) is another term for Superhuman abilities that is any abilities that a human does not possess in real For the 1962 Bruce Conner film see Cosmic Ray (film Cosmic rays are energetic particles originating from space that impinge on Mr. Fantastic (Reed Richards) is a scientific genius and the leader of the group who can stretch his body into incredible lengths and shapes. Mr Fantastic ( Reed Richards) is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics Superhero and a member of the Fantastic Four. The Invisible Woman (Susan "Sue" Storm) is Reed's wife; she can render herself invisible and project powerful force fields. Susan Storm Richards (also known as Invisible Girl and later Invisible Woman) is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics superheroine The Human Torch (Johnny Storm) is Sue's younger brother, who can generate flames, surround himself with them and fly. The Human Torch ( Jonathan "Johnny" Storm) is a Fictional character and Superhero of the Marvel Comics universe The final member is the monstrous Thing (Ben Grimm), their grumpy but benevolent friend, who possesses superhuman strength and endurance. The Thing ( Benjamin "Ben" Jacob Grimm) is a Fictional character, a founding member of the Superhero team known as the Fantastic Four Since the original four's 1961 introduction, the Fantastic Four have been portrayed as a somewhat dysfunctional yet loving family. Breaking convention with other comic-book archetypes of the time, they would squabble and hold grudges both deep and petty, and eschew anonymity or secret identities in favor of celebrity status.

The Fantastic Four have been adapted into other media, including four animated television series, an aborted 1990s low-budget film, the major motion picture Fantastic Four (2005), and its sequel, Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007). "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" This is a list of animated series, which are television series produced by means of Animation. Fantastic Four is a 2005 Superhero film based on the Marvel Comics comic Fantastic Four. Fantastic Four Rise of the Silver Surfer is a 2007 Superhero film, and sequel to the 2005 film Fantastic Four.

Contents

Fictional biography

The Fantastic Four is formed when during an outer space test flight in an experimental rocket ship, the four protagonists are bombarded by a storm of cosmic rays. A rocket or rocket vehicle is a Missile, Aircraft or other Vehicle which obtains Thrust by the reaction of the For the 1962 Bruce Conner film see Cosmic Ray (film Cosmic rays are energetic particles originating from space that impinge on Upon crash landing back on Earth, the four astronauts find themselves transformed with bizarre new abilities. The four then decide to use their powers for good as superheroes. In a significant departure from preceding superhero conventions, the Fantastic Four make no effort to maintain secret identities as they maintain a high public profile, enjoying celebrity status for scientific and heroic contributions to society. At the same time they are often prone to arguing and even fighting with one another. Despite their bickering, the Fantastic Four consistently prove themselves to be "a cohesive and formidable team in times of crisis. "[1]

While there have been a number of lineup changes to the group, the four characters who debuted in Fantastic Four #1 remain the core and most frequent lineup.

The Fantastic Four has had several different headquarters, most notably the Baxter Building in New York City. The Baxter Building is a fictitious 35-story office building in Manhattan whose five upper floors house the Fantastic Four 's headquarters in the Marvel The Baxter Building was replaced by Four Freedoms Plaza, built at the same location, after the Baxter Building's destruction at the hands of Kristoff Vernard, adopted son (and rumored half-brother of Mr. Kristoff Vernard (formerly known as Kristoff von Doom and Dr Doom) is a Fictional character appearing in the Marvel Comics universe Fantastic) of the Fantastic Four's seminal villain Doctor Doom. Dr Doom redirects here For other uses see Dr Doom (disambiguation. Pier 4, a warehouse on the New York waterfront, served as a temporary headquarters for the group after Four Freedoms Plaza was condemned, due to the actions of another superhero team, the Thunderbolts. The Thunderbolts are a Marvel Comics Superhero team which consists mostly of former Supervillains The group was conceived by writer Kurt Busiek

Publication history

The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961). Cover art by Jack Kirby (penciller) and unconfirmed inker.
The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961). Cover art by Jack Kirby (penciller) and unconfirmed inker. Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book

Origins

Apocryphal legend has it that in 1961, longtime magazine and comic book publisher Martin Goodman was playing golf with either Jack Liebowitz or Irwin Donenfeld of rival company DC Comics, then known as National Periodical Publications, and that the top executive bragged about DC's success with the new superhero team the Justice League of America. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Martin Goodman (born January 18, 1908; died June 6, 1992, Palm Beach Florida) was an American Publisher of Irwin Donenfeld ( March 1, 1926 - November 29, 2004) was the son of Harry Donenfeld, co-founder of the DC Comics company DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company The Justice League sometimes called the Justice League of America or JLA for short is a Fictional DC Comics superhero team. [7] While film producer and comics historian Michael Uslan has debunked the particulars of that story,[8] Goodman, a publishing trend-follower aware of the JLA's strong sales, directed his comics editor, Stan Lee, to create a comic-book series about a team of superheroes. Michael E Uslan is the originator of the Batman movies and was the first professor to teach "Comic Book Folklore" Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters According to Lee in 1974:

“ Martin mentioned that he had noticed one of the titles published by National Comics seemed to be selling better than most. It was a book called The [sic] Justice League of America and it was composed of a team of superheroes. . . . 'If the Justice League is selling', spoke he, 'why don't we put out a comic book that features a team of superheroes?'[9] ”

Lee, who had served as editor-in-chief and art director of Marvel Comics and its predecessor companies, Timely Comics and Atlas Comics, for two decades, found that the medium had become creatively restrictive. Timely Comics is the 1940s Comic book Publishing company that would evolve into first Atlas Comics, and then Marvel Comics Atlas Comics is the 1950s Comic book Publishing company that would evolve into Marvel Comics. Determined "to carve a real career for myself in the nowhere world of comic books,[10] Lee concluded that:

“ For just this once, I would do the type of story I myself would enjoy reading. . . . And the characters would be the kind of characters I could personally relate to: they'd be flesh and blood, they'd have their faults and foibles, they'd be fallible and feisty, and — most important of all — inside their colorful, costumed booties they'd still have feet of clay. [11] ”

Lee said he created a synopsis for the first Fantastic Four story that he gave to penciller Jack Kirby, who then drew the entire story. A penciller (or penciler) is one of a number of types of Artists working within the Comic book industry Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book Kirby turned in his penciled art pages to Lee, who added dialogue and captions. This approach to creating comics, which became known as the "Marvel Method", worked so well for Lee and Kirby that they utilized it from then on; the Marvel Method became standard for the company within a year. [12]

Early years

The release of The Fantastic Four #1 (November 1961) was an unexpected success. The title began to receive fan mail, and Lee started printing the letters in a letter column with issue three. Also with the third issue, Lee created the slogan "The Greatest Comics Magazine in the World!!" (soon changed to "The World's Greatest Comic Magazine", which was a fixture on the issue covers into the 1990s. [12]

Fantastic Four #48 (Sept. 1966): The Watcher warns, in part one of the landmark "Galactus Trilogy". Cover art by Kirby & Sinnott.
Fantastic Four #48 (Sept. 1966): The Watcher warns, in part one of the landmark "Galactus Trilogy". Cover art by Kirby & Sinnott. Joe Sinnott (born October 16, 1926, Saugerties New York, United States) is an American Comic book artist

Issue four reintroduced Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the Golden Age Timely characters, who was placed into battle against the new Human Torch (Lee explained, "I always loved the old characters"). Issue five introduced the team's most frequent nemesis, Doctor Doom. Dr Doom redirects here For other uses see Dr Doom (disambiguation. While the early stories were complete narratives, the frequent appearances of these antagonists in subsequent issues indicated the creation of a long narrative by Lee and Kirby that extended over months. Ultimately, according to comics historian Les Daniels, "only narratives that ran to several issues would be able to contain their increasingly complex ideas. Les Daniels (born 1943 is an American Writer. Background He attended Brown University in Providence Rhode Island, where " [13] During its creators' lengthy run, the series produced many acclaimed storylines and characters that have become central to Marvel, including the The Inhumans, the Black Panther, the rival alien races of Kree and Skrull, Him (who would become Adam Warlock), the Negative Zone and unstable molecules. The Inhumans are a fictional race of Superhumans created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. The Black Panther ( T'Challa) is a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe who is the first modern Black The Kree, also known as the Ruul, are a scientifically and technologically advanced militaristic alien race in the Fictional Marvel Universe. The Skrulls are a Fictional race of extraterrestrial shapeshifters that appear in Publications by Marvel Comics. Adam Warlock, originally known as Him, is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Negative Zone is a Fictional setting an Antimatter universe depicted in publications from Marvel Comics. Unstable molecules are a piece of fictional technology featured in Marvel Comics. The story frequently cited as "the finest achievement" of the collaboration is the three-part "Galactus Trilogy" that began in Fantastic Four #48 (March 1966), about the arrival of Galactus, a cosmic being who wanted to devour the planet. Galactus is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Daniels noted, "The mystical and metaphysical elements that took over the sage were perfectly suited to the tastes of young readers in the 1960s", and Lee soon discovered that the story was a favorite on college campuses. [14]

After Kirby's departure from Marvel in 1970, Fantastic Four continued with Lee, Roy Thomas, Gerry Conway and Marv Wolfman as its consecutive regular writers, working with artists such as John Romita, Sr., John Buscema, Rich Buckler and George Pérez, with longtime inker Joe Sinnott adding some visual continuity. Roy Thomas (born November 22 1940, Missouri, United States) is a Comic book Writer and editor, and Gerard F "Gerry" Conway ( September 10, 1952 -) is an American Writer of Comic books and Television shows Marvin A "Marv" Wolfman (born May 13, 1946) is an award-winning American Comic book Writer. John Romita Sr (better known as simply John Romita) (born January 24, 1930) is an Italian-American Comic-book artist best known John Buscema, born Giovanni Natale Buscema (December 11 1927&ndashJanuary 10 2002 was an American Comic-book Artist and one of the mainstays For the US Representative from Minnesota, see Rich T Buckler. George Pérez (born June 9, 1954) is an illustrator and writer of Comic books born of Latin-American (Puerto-Rican descent Joe Sinnott (born October 16, 1926, Saugerties New York, United States) is an American Comic book artist Jim Steranko contributed a few covers as well. James Steranko (born 5 November, 1938, Reading Pennsylvania, United States) is an American Graphic artist, Comic

John Byrne

John Byrne joined the title with issue #209 (Aug. John Lindley Byrne (born July 6 1950) is a British -born Canadian - American author and artist of Comic books Since the 1979), doing pencil breakdowns for Sinnott to finish. Byrne then wrote two tales as well (#220-221, July-Aug. 1980) before writer Doug Moench and penciller Bill Sienkiewicz took over for 10 issues. Douglas "Doug" Moench (b 1948 is an American Comic book writer probably best known for his Batman work Boleslav (William Felix Robert Sienkiewicz ( IPA: 'kɛvɪʧ Polish 'kjeviʧ born May 3, 1958, Blakely, Pennsylvania With issue #232 (July 1981), the aptly titled "Back to the Basics", Byrne began his celebrated run as writer, penciller and (initially under the pseudonym Bjorn Heyn) inker. One of his key contributions to the series was the development of Invisible Girl into Invisible Woman — a self-confident and dynamic character whose newfound control of her abilities made her the most powerful member of the team.

John Byrne gets "Back to the Basics" in #232 (July 1981), his debut as writer-artist. Cover art by Byrne and inker Terry Austin.
John Byrne gets "Back to the Basics" in #232 (July 1981), his debut as writer-artist. John Lindley Byrne (born July 6 1950) is a British -born Canadian - American author and artist of Comic books Since the Cover art by Byrne and inker Terry Austin. Terry Austin (b August 23, 1952) is an American Comic book Artist, working primarily as an Inker.

Byrne also staked bold directions in the characters' personal lives, having the married Sue Storm and Reed Richards suffer a miscarriage, and with the Thing quitting the Fantastic Four and the She-Hulk being recruited as his long-term replacement. She-Hulk ( Jennifer Susan Walters) is a Marvel Comics superheroine Created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Buscema, she

1990s

Byrne was followed by a quick succession of writers (Roger Stern, Tom DeFalco, Roy Thomas), with an extended run of stories by Steve Englehart, who had Reed and Sue retire to give their son a normal childhood. Roger Stern (born September 17 1950) is an American Comic book Author and Novelist. Tom DeFalco (b June 26 1950) is an American comics Writer and Editor, well-known for his association with Marvel Roy Thomas (born November 22 1940, Missouri, United States) is a Comic book Writer and editor, and Steve Englehart (born April 22, 1947, Indianapolis Indiana) is an American Comic book writer best known for his work for Marvel The returned Thing's new girlfriend, Sharon Ventura, and Johnny Storm's former lover, Crystal, joined the team for a handful of issues. Sharon Ventura is a Fictional character, a Comic book Superheroine from the Marvel Comics universe. Editorial disagreements led to Englehart finishing his run under the pen name "John Harkness". A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity Writer-artist Walt Simonson took over as writer with #334 (Dec. Walter "Walt" Simonson (born September 2 1946) is an American Comic book writer and artist 1989), and three issues later began pencilling and inking as well. A penciller (or penciler) is one of a number of types of Artists working within the Comic book industry The inker is one of the two line artists in a traditional Comic book, or Graphic novel. With brief inking exceptions, and one fill-in issue, he remained in all three positions through #354 (July 1991).

After another fill-in, the regular team of writer and Marvel editor-in-chief Tom DeFalco, penciller Paul Ryan and inker Dan Bulanadi took over, with Ryan self-inking beginning with #360 (Jan. Tom DeFalco (b June 26 1950) is an American comics Writer and Editor, well-known for his association with Marvel Paul Ryan (born in 1949 in Massachusetts) is an American Comic book and Comic strip artist 1992). That team, with the very occasional different inker, continued through for years through #414 (July 1996). DeFalco nullified the Storm-Masters marriage by retconning that the alien Skrull Empire had kidnapped the real Masters and replaced her with a spy named Lyja. Retroactive continuity is the deliberate changing of previously established facts in a work of serial fiction Once discovered, Lyja, who herself had fallen for Storm, helped the Fantastic Four rescue Masters. Ventura departed after being further mutated by Doctor Doom. Ryan's lengthy run is behind only those of Jack Kirby and John Byrne in number of issues drawn. Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book John Lindley Byrne (born July 6 1950) is a British -born Canadian - American author and artist of Comic books Since the

Other key developments included Franklin Richards being sent into the future and returning as a teenager, the return of Reed's time-traveling father, Nathaniel, and Reed's apparent death at the hands of a seemingly mortally wounded Doctor Doom. It would be two years before DeFalco resurrected the two characters, revealing that their "deaths" were orchestrated by the supervillain Hyperstorm. Hyperstorm is a fictional Supervillain from the Marvel comics universe.

"Heroes Reborn" and renumbered

The ongoing series was canceled with issue #416 (Aug. 1996) and relaunched with vol. 2, #1 (Nov. 1996) as part of the multi-series "Heroes Reborn" crossover story arc. Heroes Reborn was a 1996 - 1997 crossover story arc among Comic-book series published A fictional crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete Fictional characters, settings or universes into the context of a single The year-long volume retold the team's first adventures in a more contemporary setting in a parallel universe. Following the end of that year-long experiment, Fantastic Four was relaunched with vol. 3, #1 (Jan,. 1998). Initially by the team of writer Scott Lobdell and penciller Alan Davis, it went after three issues to writer Chris Claremont (co-writing with Lobell for #4-5) and penciller Salvador Larroca; this team enjoyed a long run through issue #32 (Aug. Scott Lobdell (born 1963 is an American Comic book writer He is mostly known for his work throughout the 1990s on Marvel Comics ' X-Men-related titles Alan Davis (born 1956 is a British writer and artist of Comic books Biography UK work Alan Davis was born on June 18, 1956 Chris Claremont (born November 30, 1950) is a writer of American Comic books known for his 16-year (1975-1991 stint on Uncanny X-Men Salvador Larroca (born 1964 is a Spanish Comic book Artist, primarily known for his work on various X-Men titles 2000). Carlos Pacheco then took over as penciller and co-writer, first with Rafael Marín, then with Marín and Jeph Loeb. Carlos Pacheco (born November 14, 1961) is a Spanish Comic book Artist and Penciller Rafael Marín Trechera (Cádiz Spain 1959 is a Spanish novelist translator Comic book Writer and co- plotter He is best known in the United Joseph "Jeph" Loeb III is an Emmy and WGA nominated American Film and Television Writer, producer and award-winning

This series began using dual numbering, as if the original Fantastic Four series had continued unbroken, with issue #42 / #471 (June 2001). (At the time, the Marvel Comics series begun in the 1960s, such as Thor and The Amazing Spider-Man, were given such dual numbering on the front cover, with the present-day volume's numbering alongside the numbering from the original series. Thor is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Amazing Spider-Man is the name of several media Presentations which feature the Marvel Comics Superhero Spider-Man, ) The title reverted to its original numbering with issue #509 (March 2004).

Karl Kesel succeeded Loeb as co-writer with issue #51 / 480 (March 2002), and after a few issues with temporary teams, Mark Waid took over as writer with #60 / 489 (Oct. Karl Kesel (born 1959 is an American comics writer and inker whose works have primarily been under contract for DC Comics. Mark Waid (born March 21 1962 in Hueytown Alabama) is an American Comic book Writer. 2002), working with pencillers Mike Wieringo, Mark Buckingham, Casey Jones, and Howard Porter variously through #524 (May 2005), with a handful of issues by other teams during that time. Michael Lance "Mike" Wieringo ( June 24, 1963 &ndash August 12, 2007) who sometimes signed his work under the name ' Ringo Mark Buckingham is a British Comic book artist. He is best known for his work on Marvelman and Fables. Writer J. Michael Straczynski and penciller Mike McKone did issues #527-541 (July 2005 - Nov. Joseph Michael Straczynski (born July 17, 1954) known professionally as J Michael "Mike" McKone is a comic book artist. His first published works for the major companies included DC Comics ' Justice League of 2006), with Dwayne McDuffie taking over as writer the following issue, and Paul Pelletier succeeding McKone beginning with #544 (May 2007). Dwayne McDuffie is an American writer of Comic books and Television.

Writer Mark Millar and artist Bryan Hitch began a 16-issue run with issue #554.

Spinoffs

Ancillary titles and features spun off from the flagship series include the 1970s quarterly Giant-Size Fantastic Four and the 1990s Fantastic Four Unlimited and Fantastic Four Unplugged; Fantastic Force, an 18-issue spinoff (Nov. 1994 - April 1996) featuring an adult Franklin Richards, from a different timeline, as Psilord. A spinoff title Marvel Knights 4 (April 2004 - June 2006) was written by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and illustrated by Steve McNiven in his first Marvel work. Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa is an American Writer whose parents were both émigrés from Nicaragua. Steven "Steve" McNiven is a Canadian Comic book artist. As well, there have been numerous limited series all similarly set in the main universe, designated in Marvel continuity as Earth-616. A limited series is a term originated by Marvel Comics referring to a Comic book series with a set number of issues In the fictional Marvel Comics multiverse, Earth-616 or Earth 616 is the name used to identify the primary continuity in which most Marvel Comics

In February 2004, Marvel launched Ultimate Fantastic Four, a version of the group in the "Ultimate Marvel" alternate universe. Ultimate Fantastic Four is a Superhero Comic book series published by Marvel Comics. Ultimate Marvel is an Imprint of Comic books published by Marvel Comics, featuring reimagined and updated versions of the company's most popular Superhero Parallel universe or alternative reality is a self-contained separate reality coexisting with one's own

The Human Torch solo

The Human Torch was given a solo strip in Strange Tales in 1962 in order to bolster sales of the title. Strange Tales was the name of several Comic book Anthology series that have been published by Marvel Comics. [15] The series began in Strange Tales #101 (Oct. Strange Tales was the name of several Comic book Anthology series that have been published by Marvel Comics. 1962), in 12- to 14-page stories plotted by Lee and initially scripted by his brother, Larry Lieber, and drawn by penciller Kirby and inker Dick Ayers. Larry D Lieber (born October 26, 1931, New York City, New York) is an American Comic book artist and writer and the younger Richard Bache "Dick" Ayers (born April 28, 1924, Ossining New York, United States) is a Comic book artist and Cartoonist Here, Johnny was seen living with his elder sister, Susan, in fictional Glenview, Long Island, New York, where he continued high school and, with youthful naiveté, attempted to maintain a "secret identity". Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution (In Strange Tales #106 (Mar. 1963), Johnny discovered that his friends and neighbors knew of his dual identity all along, from Fantastic Four news reports, but were humoring him. ) Supporting characters included Johnny's girlfriend, Doris Evans, usually in consternation as Johnny cheerfully flew off to battle bad guys. (She was seen again in a 1970s issue of Fantastic Four, having become a heavyset but cheerful wife and mother). Ayers took over the penciling after ten issues, later followed by original Golden Age Human Torch creator Carl Burgos and others. The Human Torch is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics -owned Superhero. Carl Burgos (né Max Finkelstein, April 18, 1916, New York City, New York; died 1984 He took a job with the Franklin Engraving Company The FF made occasional cameo appearances, and the Thing became a co-star with issue #123 (Aug. 1964).

The Human Torch shared the "split book" Strange Tales with fellow feature "Doctor Strange" for the majority of its run, before finally flaming off with issue #134 (July 1965), replaced the following month by "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.". Strange Tales was the name of several Comic book Anthology series that have been published by Marvel Comics. Doctor Strange is a Fictional character, a Comic book sorcerer and Superhero in the. Colonel Nicholas Joseph "Nick" Fury is a fictional World War II army hero and present-day super-spy in the Marvel Comics The Silver Age stories were republished in 1974, along with some Golden Age Human Torch stories, in a short-lived ongoing Human Torch series.

A later ongoing solo series in Marvel's manga-influenced "Tsunami" line, Human Torch, ran 12 issues (June 2003 - June 2004), followed by the five-issue limited series Spider-Man/Human Torch (March-July 2005), an "untold tales" team-up arc spanning the course of their friendship.

The Thing solo

The "ever-lovin', blue-eyed Thing", as Ben Grimm sometimes refers to himself, appeared in two team-up issues of Marvel Feature (issues 11-12, Sept. Marvel Feature was the name of two comic book series published by Marvel Comics in the 1970s - Nov. 1973). Following their success, he was given his own regular team-up title Marvel Two-in-One, co-starring with Marvel heroes not only in the present day but occasionally in other time periods (fighting alongside the Liberty Legion in #20 and Doc Savage in #21, for example) and in alternate realities. Marvel Two-In-One was a American Comic book series published by Marvel Comics that featured the Fantastic Four member the The Liberty Legion is the name of a fictional Superhero team in the Marvel Comics universe. Doc Savage is a Fictional character, one of the Pulp heroes of the 1930s and 1940s Parallel universe or alternative reality is a self-contained separate reality coexisting with one's own The series ran 100 issues (Jan. 1974 - June 1983), with seven summer annuals (1976–1982), and was immediately followed by the solo title The Thing #1-36 (July 1983 - June 1986). Another ongoing solo series, also titled The Thing, ran eight issues (Jan. -Aug. 2006).

For a list including one-shots, limited series, graphic novels, and trade paperback collections, see Thing bibliography. In the American Comic book industry the term one-shot is used to denote a pilot comic or a stand-alone story created to last as one issue A limited series is a term originated by Marvel Comics referring to a Comic book series with a set number of issues A In Comics, a trade paperback ( TPB or simply trade) refers to a collection of stories originally published in comic books, reprinted in book format The Thing ( Benjamin "Ben" Jacob Grimm) is a Fictional character, a founding member of the Superhero team known as the Fantastic Four

Supporting characters

Allies and supporting characters

 

Antagonists

Other versions

The End

Main article: Fantastic Four: The End

Fantastic Four: The End is a six-issue limited series depicting a possible future in which the members of the Fantastic Four have become estranged after an epic battle with Dr. Doom, resulting in the deaths of Franklin Richards and Valeria Richards, the children of group leader Reed Richards (Mr. Fantastic) and his wife Susan Storm (the Invisible Woman). Agatha Harkness is a Fictional character, a powerful witch in the Marvel Comics universe. Alicia Masters is a Supporting character to the Marvel Comics Superheroes the Fantastic Four and Silver Surfer. Alyssa Moy is a character in the Marvel comics universe She is an old friend and colleague of Reed Richards. The Black Panther ( T'Challa) is a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe who is the first modern Black In Marvel Comics, the Captain Britain Corps are a league of Super-heroes all known as or appear as an alternate version of Captain Britain. Alysande Stuart is a Fictional character appearing in X-Men stories in the Marvel Comics universe. Daredevil is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Fantastic Force was a Superhero team in the Marvel Universe, a spin-off of the Fantastic Four. Franklin Richards is a Fictional character that appears in the Marvel Universe. HERBIE ( Humanoid Experimental Robot B-type Integrated Electronics) is a Fictional character, a Robot and an ally of the Fantastic The Inhumans are a fictional race of Superhumans created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. Black Bolt is a Fictional character that appears in publications by Marvel Comics. Crystal is a Fictional character, a Superhero in Marvel Comics ' universe. Medusa is a Fictional Superhero published by Marvel Comics. She first appeared in Fantastic Four vol Karnak is a Fictional Martial artist published by Marvel Comics. Triton is a Fictional Merman published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in Fantastic Four #45 (December 1965 and was created Lockjaw is a Fictional character and alien Bulldog published by Marvel Comics. Kristoff Vernard (formerly known as Kristoff von Doom and Dr Doom) is a Fictional character appearing in the Marvel Comics universe Dr Doom redirects here For other uses see Dr Doom (disambiguation. Lyja is a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. As a Skrull, she possesses the ability to Shapeshift into almost The Skrulls are a Fictional race of extraterrestrial shapeshifters that appear in Publications by Marvel Comics. Iron Man is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Ares is a Fictional Deity in the Marvel Comics Universe based on the Greek God of the same name. The Black Widow is the name of two fictional super-spy characters in the Marvel Comics universe. Ms Marvel ( Carol Susan Jane Danvers) also known as Binary and Warbird is a Fictional character, a Comic book superheroine The Sentry ( Robert "Bob" Reynolds) is a character that appears in the Fictional Marvel Universe. Spider-Woman ( Jessica Drew) is a superheroine, a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. The Wasp ( Janet van Dyne) is a Fictional character, a superheroine in the Marvel Comics universe. Sharon Ventura is a Fictional character, a Comic book Superheroine from the Marvel Comics universe. Nathaniel Richards is a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. Doctor Strange is a Fictional character, a Comic book sorcerer and Superhero in the. Echo, also known as Ronin, is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics superheroine and a supporting character of Daredevil Iron Fist ( Daniel Rand) is a Fictional character, a Comic book Superhero in the Marvel Comics universe, and a practitioner Luke Cage, born Carl Lucas and also called Power Man, is a fictional Superhero appearing in Comic books published by Hawkeye ( Clint Barton) also known as Ronin and Goliath, is a Fictional character that appears in the Comic books Spider-Man is a Fictional character appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Spider-Woman ( Jessica Drew) is a superheroine, a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. Nova is a Fictional character appearing in the Marvel Comics universe. Power Pack is a team of fictional child Superheroes in the Marvel Comics universe. } The Silver Surfer is a Marvel Comics Superhero created by Jack Kirby. She-Hulk ( Jennifer Susan Walters) is a Marvel Comics superheroine Created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Buscema, she Storm ( Ororo Iqadi T'Challa, née Munroe is a Fictional character that appears in a number of Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Thundra is a Marvel Comics superheroine who is often aligned with the Fantastic Four. Valeria Richards is a Fictional character of Marvel Comics, the daughter of Mister Fantastic (Reed Richards and the Invisible Woman (Susan Willie Lumpkin is a fictional Supporting character in the Marvel Universe, who is best known as the Mailman of the Fantastic Four Adam Warlock, originally known as Him, is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Wundarr the Aquarian is a Marvel Comics character created by Steve Gerber and Val Mayerik in Adventure into Fear #17 Wyatt Wingfoot is a fictional, Comic-book Supporting character in the Marvel Comics universe, who First appeared in Uatu often simply known as The Watcher is a Fictional character created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, and first appeared in Annihilus is a Fictional character in Marvel Comics ' Marvel Universe. Blastaar, sometimes called the Living Bomb-Burst, is a Marvel Comics Supervillain. Diablo ( Esteban Corazón de Ablo) is a Fictional character, a Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe who is an enemy of the Dr Doom redirects here For other uses see Dr Doom (disambiguation. Dragon Man is a fictional supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe. Ego the Living Planet is a Fictional extraterrestrial being that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Frightful Four are a group of Fictional characters in Marvel Comics who serve as the opposite number to the Fantastic Four. Galactus is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Hyperstorm is a fictional Supervillain from the Marvel comics universe. The Impossible Man is a Fictional character, a mischievous alien that has appeared in various Comic book series published by Marvel Comics. Kang the Conqueror is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Immortus ( Nathaniel Richards) is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe. Klaw, the self-styled Master of Sound is a Fictional character, a Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe. The Mad Thinker is a Marvel comics Supervillain. He is a genius specializing in evil Robotics and usually comes up with very elaborate infallible devious Molecule Man is a Fictional character, a Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. The Mole Man is a fictional Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe. Psycho-Man is a fictional Supervillain from Marvel Comics, created by Jack Kirby and Stan Lee. The Puppet Master, real name Phillip Masters, is a Fictional character, a Supervillain in the Fantastic Four comics Ronan the Accuser is a Fictional character that has appeared in numerous Comic book series published by Marvel Comics. The Red Ghost ( Ivan Kragoff) and his Super-Apes ( Mikhlo Igor and Peotr) are a group of Marvel Comics Supervillains who started Salem's Seven was a team of magical Supervillains in the Marvel Comics universe. The Skrulls are a Fictional race of extraterrestrial shapeshifters that appear in Publications by Marvel Comics. The Super-Skrull ( Kl'rt) is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Terminus is a Fictional character, a Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe. Terrax the Tamer is a Fictional character that appears in the Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Fantastic Four The End is a six-issue Comic book Limited series published by Marvel Comics, depicting a possible future for the members of the Fantastic Four The End is a six-issue Comic book Limited series published by Marvel Comics, depicting a possible future for the members of the A limited series is a term originated by Marvel Comics referring to a Comic book series with a set number of issues Dr Doom redirects here For other uses see Dr Doom (disambiguation. Franklin Richards is a Fictional character that appears in the Marvel Universe. Valeria Richards is a Fictional character of Marvel Comics, the daughter of Mister Fantastic (Reed Richards and the Invisible Woman (Susan Mr Fantastic ( Reed Richards) is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics Superhero and a member of the Fantastic Four. Susan Storm Richards (also known as Invisible Girl and later Invisible Woman) is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics superheroine

Exiles

At the end of Exiles #95 a Fantastic Four that consists of Susan Storm, Johnny Storm, Victor von Doom, and the Hulk is revealed. This article is about the Marvel Comics series for other uses in comics see Exiles (comics The Exiles are a group of Fictional characters This article is about the comic book character and series For all other media appearances see Hulk in other media. They will appear in Exiles through issue #99, as it is a 5-part story arc. This article is about the Marvel Comics series for other uses in comics see Exiles (comics The Exiles are a group of Fictional characters

MC2

In the MC2 continuity the group has become the Fantastic Five. Fantastic Five is the name of Superhero team that exists in the MC2 universe an alternate future to the Marvel Universe. The team consists of the Human Torch, Ms. Fantastic (Lyja), Psi-Lord (Franklin Richards), Big Brain (a robot with the mind of Reed Richards), and the Thing when the line and their own short-lived title launched. Lyja is a Fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. As a Skrull, she possesses the ability to Shapeshift into almost Through later guest appearances in Spider-Girl, we have seen a team consisting of the twin offspring of the Thing (Grim and Rad), the son of Johnny and Lyja (Torus AKA Super-Storm), Kristoff von Doom, Spider-Girl and Psi-Lord taking the place of Fantastic Five briefly. Kristoff Vernard (formerly known as Kristoff von Doom and Dr Doom) is a Fictional character appearing in the Marvel Comics universe The Amazing Spider-Girl ( May "Mayday" Parker) is a fictional Comic book Superheroine active in an alternate future of Marvel Comics Eventually Susan Storm and Reed Richards return from the Negative Zone to rejoin the team. The most recent line-up consists of the Torch, Ms. Fantastic, Thing, Grim, and Psi-Lord.

Ultimate Fantastic Four

Main article: Ultimate Fantastic Four

Set in the Ultimate Marvel universe, this version involves a more youthful version of the team. Ultimate Fantastic Four is a Superhero Comic book series published by Marvel Comics. Ultimate Marvel is an Imprint of Comic books published by Marvel Comics, featuring reimagined and updated versions of the company's most popular Superhero

In other media

There have been four The Fantastic Four animated TV series and three feature films (though one of the movies went unreleased, and is only available in a widely circulated bootleg). This is a list of animated series, which are television series produced by means of Animation. The Fantastic Four also guest-starred in the "Secret Wars" story arc of the 1990s Spider-Man animated series as well as in the "Fantastic Fortitude" episode of the 1996 Hulk series. Spider-Man (also known as Spider-Man The Animated Series) is an American Animated television series featuring the The Incredible Hulk is an American Animated television series starring the Marvel Comics character the Hulk. There was also a very short-lived radio show in 1975 that adapted early Kirby/Lee stories, and is notable for casting a pre-Saturday Night Live Bill Murray as the Human Torch. Radio programming is the content that is broadcast by Radio stations The original inventors of radio such as Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Saturday Night Live ( SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute American Sketch comedy / Variety show based in New York City For the British actor see Billy Murray (actor. William James "Bill" Murray (born September 21, 1950) is an Also in the cast were Bob Maxwell as Reed Richards, Cynthia Adler as Sue Storm, Jim Pappas as Ben Grimm and Jerry Terheyden as Doctor Doom. Mr Fantastic ( Reed Richards) is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics Superhero and a member of the Fantastic Four. Susan Storm Richards (also known as Invisible Girl and later Invisible Woman) is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics superheroine The Thing ( Benjamin "Ben" Jacob Grimm) is a Fictional character, a founding member of the Superhero team known as the Fantastic Four Dr Doom redirects here For other uses see Dr Doom (disambiguation. Other Marvel characters featured in the series included Ant-Man, Prince Namor, Nick Fury and the Hulk. Ant-Man is a Marvel Comics Superhero Comic book character that was originally created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1962 Colonel Nicholas Joseph "Nick" Fury is a fictional World War II army hero and present-day super-spy in the Marvel Comics This article is about the comic book character and series For all other media appearances see Hulk in other media. Stan Lee narrated the series, and the scripts were taken almost verbatim from the comic books. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters The team made only one other audio appearance, on the Power Records album The Amazing Spider-Man and Friends. Peter Pan Records is a Record label specializing in Children's music. The Amazing Spider-Man is the name of several media Presentations which feature the Marvel Comics Superhero Spider-Man, The Way It Began featured Stan Lee himself in the role of Johnny Storm and saw Ben Grimm reliving the origin of the FF, before leaving the Baxter Building to find their original nemesis the Mole Man, and a possible cure for Alicia's blindness. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters The Human Torch ( Jonathan "Johnny" Storm) is a Fictional character and Superhero of the Marvel Comics universe The Thing ( Benjamin "Ben" Jacob Grimm) is a Fictional character, a founding member of the Superhero team known as the Fantastic Four The Baxter Building is a fictitious 35-story office building in Manhattan whose five upper floors house the Fantastic Four 's headquarters in the Marvel The Mole Man is a fictional Supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe. The story was never followed up on any further Power Records albums. In 1979, the Thing was featured as half of the Saturday morning cartoon Fred and Barney Meet the Thing. Fred and Barney Meet the Thing was a 60-minute Saturday morning animated package show produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions from September 8, The character of the Thing was given a radical make-over for the series. The title character for this program was Benji Grimm, a teenage boy who possessed a pair of magic rings which could transform him into the Thing. The other members of the Fantastic Four do not appear in the series, nor do the animated The Flintstones stars Fred Flintstone and Barney Rubble, despite the title of the program. The Flintstones is an animated American television sitcom that ran from 1960 to 1966 on ABC. Frederick J "Fred" Flintstone is a Fictional character who originated in the animated Sitcom The Flintstones on Bernard "Barney" Rubble, a Fictional character in the popular television Animated series The Flintstones, is the diminutive blonde-haired

Animated series

Video games

In 1998, a side-scrolling video game was released for the Sony PlayStation home video game system / platform, based on the Fantastic Four characters. The 1994 Fantastic Four Animated television series is the third animated series based on Marvel's Comic book series of the same name The Marvel Action Hour was a syndicated television block from Marvel Productions featuring animated adaptions of Marvel comic book heroes Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters Fantastic Four World's Greatest Heroes is an Animated television series based on the Marvel Comics ' Fantastic Four Comic A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The PlayStation (abbreviated PS, PSone, PS1, or informally as PSX) is a 32-bit fifth generation Video game console In the game you and a friend could pick among the Fantastic Four characters (along with the She-Hulk), and battle your way through various levels until you faced Doctor Doom. The game was widely panned by critics for having weak storyline and handling of the characters' powers.

The Fantastic Four appeared in the Super NES and Sega Genesis video games based on the 1990s Spider-Man animated series and in their own multi-platform games based on the 2005 movie. Spider-Man (also known as Spider-Man The Animated Series) is an American Animated television series featuring the

The Thing and the Human Torch appeared in the 2005 game Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects. Marvel Nemesis Rise of the Imperfects is a Beat 'em up / fighting game for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, Nintendo

All of the Fantastic Four appear as playable characters in the game Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, although they only had small and rather unimportant roles in the story. Marvel Ultimate Alliance is an Action role-playing game released in 2006

The Human Torch has an appearance in a mini-game where you race against him in all versions of the Ultimate Spider-Man game except for Game Boy Advance. Ultimate Spider-Man is a Video game based on the Comic book of the same name by Brian Michael Bendis and Mark Bagley The Game Boy Advance (often shortened to GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed manufactured and marketed by Nintendo.

The Fantastic Four are also featured prominently in the game based on the 2005 Fantastic 4 movie. And in another game based on the second Fantastic 4 movie (released in 2007). Both games were poorly rated for many reasons, such as the fact that the stories in both games did not strictly follow the plots in the films and both games had poor graphics and gameplay.

Film

Promotional poster for Fantastic Four (2005), featuring Chris Evans, Michael Chiklis, Jessica Alba, and Ioan Gruffudd
Promotional poster for Fantastic Four (2005), featuring Chris Evans, Michael Chiklis, Jessica Alba, and Ioan Gruffudd

A movie adaptation of The Fantastic Four was completed in 1994 by B movie producer Roger Corman. Christopher Robert Evans (born June 13, 1981) is an American Actor. Michael Charles Chiklis (born August 30, 1963) is an American Actor. Jessica Marie Alba (born April 28 1981 is an American television and film Actress. Ioan Gruffudd (ˈjoʊæn ˈgrɪfɪð;; born 6 October 1973) is a Welsh Actor. The Fantastic Four is an unreleased low-budget Feature film completed in 1994 A B movie is a motion picture made on a low or modest budget Originally the term was used for films intended for distribution as the less-publicized second half of a Double Roger William Corman (born April 5 1926) sometimes nicknamed "King of the Bs" for his output of B-movies (though he himself rejects this as inaccurate While this movie was never released to theaters or video, it has been made available from various bootleg video distributors. A bootleg recording is an audio and/or Video recording of a performance that was not officially released by the artist or under other legal authority

Another feature film adaptation of Fantastic Four was released July 9, 2005 by Fox, and directed by Tim Story. Fantastic Four is a 2005 Superhero film based on the Marvel Comics comic Fantastic Four. Timothy Kevin Story (born March 13, 1970) is an African-American Film director. Fantastic Four opened in approximately 3,600 theaters and despite predominantly poor reviews[16] grossed US$156 million in North America and US$329 million worldwide, weighed against a production budget of $100 million and an undisclosed marketing budget. It stars Ioan Gruffudd as Reed Richards/Mr. Ioan Gruffudd (ˈjoʊæn ˈgrɪfɪð;; born 6 October 1973) is a Welsh Actor. Fantastic, Jessica Alba as Susan Storm/Invisible Woman, Chris Evans as Johnny Storm/Human Torch, Michael Chiklis as Ben Grimm/The Thing and Julian McMahon as Victor Von Doom/Dr. Jessica Marie Alba (born April 28 1981 is an American television and film Actress. Christopher Robert Evans (born June 13, 1981) is an American Actor. Michael Charles Chiklis (born August 30, 1963) is an American Actor. Julian Dana William McMahon (born 27 July 1968 is a Golden Globe -nominated Australian actor and former Fashion model, perhaps best known for his portrayal of Doom, with Stan Lee making a cameo appearance as Willie Lumpkin, the mailman.

A sequel, Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, directed by Story and written by Don Payne, which was released June 15, 2007. Fantastic Four Rise of the Silver Surfer is a 2007 Superhero film, and sequel to the 2005 film Fantastic Four. Don Payne is a writer on The Simpsons. Many of his episodes are co-written by John Frink. Despite another round of mostly poor reviews, the sequel brought in US$132 million in North America a total of US$288 million worldwide. [17] Talks are underway to produce a third movie, where the Fantastic Four and Dr. Doom are said to reprise their roles. [18]

Parodies and allusions

The 2004 Disney/Pixar animated feature The Incredibles is about a family of superheroes whose powers include stretching, super strength, invisibility/force field, and super speed. Walt Disney Pictures refers to several different entities associated with The Walt Disney Company: Walt Disney Pictures, the film banner was established Pixar Animation Studios is a CGI animation production company based in Emeryville California. The Incredibles is a 2004 Computer-animated feature Film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures, Marvel Studios chairperson Avi Arad told Entertainment Weekly that, "In the words of Stan Lee, when someone asked him about The Incredibles, he said, 'You know, it feels like I wrote it. Marvel Studios is an American Television and Motion picture studio based in Beverly Hills California. Avi Arad (אבי ארד is an Israeli American Businessman. He became the CEO of the company Toy Biz in the 1990s and Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc '"[19]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Wright, Bradford W. The Four are a group of Fictional Comic book Supervillains from the series Planetary by Warren Ellis and John Cassaday Maximum Fantastic Four is a 224-page coffee table art book focused on the art of Jack Kirby in 1961's Fantastic Four #1 Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America, p. 204-205. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 2001. ISBN 0-8018-7450-5
  2. ^ Wright, p. 19
  3. ^ Wright, p. 205
  4. ^ Daniels, p. 85
  5. ^ a b Wright, p. 204
  6. ^ Daniels, p. 86
  7. ^ That DC all-star superhero team had debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28 (Feb. 1960) before going on to its own hit title (premiere cover date Nov. 1960).
  8. ^ Uslan, in a letter published in Alter Ego #43 (Dec. 2004), pp. 43-44, writes:
    “ Irwin Donenfeld said he never played golf with Goodman, so the story is untrue. Irwin Donenfeld ( March 1, 1926 - November 29, 2004) was the son of Harry Donenfeld, co-founder of the DC Comics company I heard this story more than a couple of times while sitting in the lunchroom at DC's 909 Third Avenue and 75 Rockefeller Plaza office as Sol Harrison and [production chief] Jack Adler were schmoozing with some of us . Jack Adler is an artist who worked as an inker for DC comics. . . who worked for DC during our college summers. . . . [T]he way I heard the story from Sol was that Goodman was playing with one of the heads of Independent News, not DC Comics (though DC owned Independent News). . . . As the distributor of DC Comics, this man certainly knew all the sales figures and was in the best position to tell this tidbit to Goodman. . . . Of course, Goodman would want to be playing golf with this fellow and be in his good graces. . . . Sol worked closely with Independent News' top management over the decades and would have gotten this story straight from the horse's mouth. ”
  9. ^ Lee, Stan, Origins of Marvel Comics (Simon and Schuster/Fireside Books, 1974), p. Simon & Schuster Inc, a division of CBS Corporation, is a Publisher founded in New York in 1924 by Richard L 16. Note: Book predates publisher's change to ampersand in corporate name.
  10. ^ Lee, Origins, p. 16:
    “ [My wife] Joan was commenting about the fact that after 20 years of producing comics I was still writing television material, advertising copy and newspaper features in my spare time. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. She wondered why I didn't put as much effort and creativity into the comics as I seemed to be putting into my other freelance endeavors. . . . [H]er little dissertation made me suddenly realize that it was time to start concentrating on what I was doing — to carve a real career for myself in the nowhere world of comic books. ”
  11. ^ Lee, Origins, p. 17
  12. ^ a b Daniels, Les. Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics, p. 87. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , 1993. ISBN 0-8109-8146-7.
  13. ^ Daniels, p. 88
  14. ^ Daniels, p. 128
  15. ^ Daniels, p. 98
  16. ^ Rotten Tomatoes: Fantastic Four
  17. ^ Box Office Mojo. Retrieved on February 15, 2008.
  18. ^ "Fantastic Four 3 will rise. " Cinema Blend. June 29, 2007.
  19. ^ Entertainment Weekly July 1, 2005: "'Fantastic' Voyage?: Fantastic Four has incredible trouble—The would-be blockbuster had a tough time getting released", by Scott Brown

References

External links

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