| Fadil Hoxha | |
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2nd Communist President of Kosovo
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| In office 11 July 1945 – 20 February 1953 24 June 1967 – 7 May 1969 |
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| Preceded by | Mehmed Hoxha Stanoje Akšić |
| Succeeded by | Ismet Saqiri Ilaz Kurteshi |
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| Born | 15 March 1916 Đakovica, Kosovo (Kingdom of Serbia) |
| Died | 13 April 2001 (aged 85) Priština, Kosovo (then a province of Yugoslavia under UN administration) |
| Nationality | Yugoslav |
| Political party | League of Communists of Kosovo |
Fadil Hoxha (Serbo-Croat: Fadil Hodža) (Đakovica, March 15, 1916 – April 23, 2001 in Priština) was a Yugoslav (Kosovo Albanian) politician. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Đakovica, Djakovica or Gjakova ( Albanian: Gjakova or Gjakovë; The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The League of Communists of Kosovo was the Kosovo branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the sole legal party of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1990 The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem Đakovica, Djakovica or Gjakova ( Albanian: Gjakova or Gjakovë; Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian } Albanians (Shqiptarët are an Ethnic group and a Nation, in the sense of sharing a common Albanian culture speaking the Albanian language
As a young man, Hoxha migrated from his home town of Đakovica to attend secondary school in Albania, since secondary education in the Albanian language was unavailable in Kosovo. Đakovica, Djakovica or Gjakova ( Albanian: Gjakova or Gjakovë; This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. He continued his education in the town of Shkodër and later in Elbasan. Shkodër (Shkodër or Shkodra is a city located on Lake Shkodër in northwestern Albania in the District Elbasan ( Albanian: Elbasan or Elbasani) is a City in central Albania. In Albania he joined a communist cell which provided him his first exposure to the ideas of Marxism-Leninism. Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted
He returned to Kosovo in 1941, where he worked as a teacher. In the same year he abandoned his post to become one of the founders of the communist partisan movement in Kosovo. The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani Within a short time Hoxha rose in partisan ranks to become commander, leading battalions which had in their ranks primarily Kosovo Albanians and a number of Serbs who fought against Fascism and Nazism and the Italian and later German occupation of Kosovo. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers
Hoxha was instrumental in the Kosovo communist movement's efforts at adopting a resolution at the Bujan Conference of 1943, which expressed the wish of Kosovo for national self-determination and unification with Albania. However, under Serbian pressure, the Yugoslav Communist Party annulled the resolution, which resulted in Hoxha's marginalization in the party after the end of the war in 1945 and Kosovo's reinstitution into Serbia with a limited degree of autonomy. League of Communists of Yugoslavia ( Savez komunista Jugoslavije) before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia ( Komunistička partija Jugoslavije) was Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country
Hoxha's political influence in the Yugoslav Communist Party and grew during the 1960s, especially after the removal of Serb hardliner Aleksandar Ranković by Josip Broz Tito from the upper echelons of the party. Aleksandar "Leka" Ranković ( Serbian: Александар Лека Ранковић (1909-1983 was a leading As interior minister, Ranković had pursued a notorious policy of repression against Albanians, which was later criticized by the party. Hoxha led efforts to advance Kosovo's constitutional status in a series of constitutional reforms that took place in Yugoslavia. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The efforts were consecrated by the Yugoslav constitution of 1974, which granted Kosovo an equal republican status in all but name.
Hoxha also fought for the expansion of federal aid and development programs in Kosovo, which led to Kosovo's rapid industrialization throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Hoxha also led or otherwise supported political battles for the expansion of cultural and educational institutions in the Albanian language, leading to the establishment of the University of Priština in 1970 and a Kosovo Academy of Arts and Sciences. The University of Prishtina as well as the University of Pristina (Universiteti i Prishtinës Serbian: Универзитет у Приштини Univerzitet
Hoxha subscribed to the principles of Yugoslav policy of "brotherhood and unity," believing in the need to achieve national equality between Albanians, Serbs, and other national groups within Kosovo and Yugoslavia. Brotherhood and unity ( Bratstvo i jedinstvo /Братство и јединство Братство и единство Bratstvo in enotnost Bashkim dhe Vëllazërim
In 1981, Hoxha faced harsh criticism from radical Kosovo Albanian nationalist movements because of his opposition to the massive demonstrations that occurred in the spring of that year, which demanded republican status for Kosovo and Kosovo's unification with Albania. Hoxha and the Kosovar provincial leaders also faced criticism by the Yugoslav party leadership for failures in curtailing the rise of Albanian nationalism in Kosovo.
Hoxha held a number of high posts in Kosovo and Yugoslavia. He served as president of the Assembly of the Kosovo Autonomous Province. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. He also received the title of People's Hero of Yugoslavia. The Order of the National Hero (орден народног хероја/ orden narodnog heroja, red narodnega heroja орден на народен херој was a Yugoslav In 1967 he was appointed to the Yugoslav Communist Party Presidium and in 1974 became a member of the Federal Presidency. In 1978-79 he held the rotating post of president of the Federal Presidency, the highest leadership post in Yugoslavia under Tito.
After the rise of Slobodan Milošević to power in Serbia, Hoxha, though retired, became subject to a number of political attacks labelling him a nationalist and supporter of secessionism. Hoxha was expelled from the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and in 1991 the Milošević government tried him of treason in what was intended as a show trial. League of Communists of Yugoslavia ( Savez komunista Jugoslavije) before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia ( Komunistička partija Jugoslavije) was
Though in old age, Hoxha survived the 1999 Kosovo War and remained in Kosovo until the end of the war in hiding. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 He died of natural causes in 2001, and was buried with honors in his home town of Đakovica.
Hoxha has published his wartime diary Kur pranvera vonohet [When Spring is Late] (Priština: Rilindja, 1980) and a three-volume collection of speeches and articles in Jemi në shtëpinë tonë [This is our Home] (Priština: Rilindja, 1986).
| Preceded by Mehmed Hoxha |
President of Kosovo 11 July 1945 – 20 February 1953 |
Succeeded by Ismet Saqiri |
| Preceded by position created |
Prime Minister of Kosovo 1945–1963 |
Succeeded by Ali Shukrija |
| Preceded by Stanoje Akšić |
President of Kosovo 24 June 1967 – 7 May 1969 |
Succeeded by Ilaz Kurteshi |
| Preceded by Stevan Doronjski |
Vice-President of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1978–1979 |
Succeeded by Lazar Koliševski |
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