A fable is a brief, succinct story, in prose or verse, that features animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature which are anthropomorphized (given human qualities), and that illustrates a moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be expressed explicitly in a pithy maxim. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe. Anthropomorphism is the attribution of uniquely Human characteristics to non-human creatures and beings natural and supernatural phenomena material states and objects Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus A moral is a message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event A saying is something that is said notable in one respect or another

A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech and other powers of humankind. A parable is a brief succinct story in Prose or verse, that illustrates a Moral or Religious lesson

The descriptive definition of "fable" given above has not always been closely adhered to. In the King James Version of the New Testament, "μύθος" ("mythos") was rendered by the translators as "fable"^[1] in First and Second Timothy, in Titus and in First Peter. See also Mythology Myth is derived from the Greek word μύθος mythos, which simply means 'story' Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation The First Epistle to Timothy is one of three letters in New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the Pastoral Epistles. The Second Epistle to Timothy is one of the three Pastoral Epistles, traditionally attributed to Saint Paul, and is part of the canonical New Testament Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Titus ( December 30 39 &ndash September 13 81) was a Roman Emperor who The First Epistle of Peter is a book of the New Testament. It has traditionally been held to have been written by Saint Peter the apostle during his time as Bishop

Definitions

Aesop. Aesop (also spelled Æsop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος — Aisōpos) (620-560 BC) known only for the genre of Fables

Jean de la Fontaine.

The word "fable" comes from the Latin "fabula" (a "story"), itself derived from "fari" ("to speak"). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

In a pejorative sense, a "fable" may be a deliberately invented or falsified account of an event or circumstance. Words and phrases are pejorative if they imply disapproval or contempt Similarly, a non-authorial person who, wittingly or not, tells "tall tales," may be termed a "confabulator. Tall Tale, also known as Tall Tale The Unbelievable Adventures of Pecos Bill is a 1995 family Western movie starring Patrick Confabulation, also known as false memory is the confusion of Imagination with Memory, and/or the confusion of true memories with false memories " In its original sense, however, "fable" denotes a brief, succinct story that is meant to impart a moral lesson.

An author of fables is termed a "fabulist," and the word "fabulous," strictly speaking, "pertains to a fable or fables. " In recent decades, however, "fabulous" has come frequently to be used in the quite different meaning of "excellent" or "outstanding".

Characteristics

Fables can be described as a didactic mode of literature. Didacticism is an artistic philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in Literature and other types of Art. That is, whether a fable has been handed down from generation to generation as oral literature, or constructed by a literary tale-teller, its purpose is to impart a lesson or value, or to give sage advice. Oral literature corresponds in the sphere of the spoken (oral word to Literature as literature operates in the domain of the written word A lesson is a structured period of time where Learning is intended to occur A personal and cultural value is a Relative ethic value, an assumption upon which implementation can be extrapolated Fables also provide opportunities to laugh at human folly, when they supply examples of behaviors to be avoided rather than emulated. In Architecture, a folly is a Building constructed strictly as a decoration having none of the usual purposes of housing or sheltering associated with a conventional

Fables frequently have as their central characters animals that are given anthropomorphic characteristics such as the ability to reason and speak. Anthropomorphism is the attribution of uniquely Human characteristics to non-human creatures and beings natural and supernatural phenomena material states and objects In antiquity, Aesop presented a wide range of animals as protagonists, including The Tortoise and the Hare which famously engage in a race against each other; and, in another classic fable, a fox which rejects grapes that are out of reach, as probably being sour ("sour grapes"). Aesop (also spelled Æsop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος — Aisōpos) (620-560 BC) known only for the genre of Fables The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story. The Tortoise and the Hare is a Fable attributed to Aesop. French poet Jean de La Fontaine adapted into the poem "le lièvre et la Medieval French fabliaux might feature Reynard the Fox, a trickster figure, and offer a subtext mildly subversive of the feudal social order. Old French was the Romance Dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium The fabliau (plural fabliaux or "'fablieaux'" is a comic usually anonymous tale written by Jongleurs in northeast France circa the 13th Reynard the Fox, also known as Renard, Renart, Reinard, Reinecke, Reinhardus, Reynardt, Reynaerde In Mythology, and in the study of Folklore and Religion, a trickster is a God, Goddess, spirit, man woman or anthropomorphic Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Similarly, the 18th-century Polish fabulist Ignacy Krasicki employs animals as the title actors in his striking verse fable, "The Lamb and the Wolves. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Ignacy Krasicki (February 3 1735 March 14 1801 from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus Primate of Poland) was Poland 's leading Enlightenment Fables and Parables ( Bajki i przypowieści, 1779 by Ignacy Krasicki, is a noted work in a long international tradition of fable-writing that " Krasicki uses plants the same way in "The Violet and the Grass. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Fables and Parables ( Bajki i przypowieści, 1779 by Ignacy Krasicki, is a noted work in a long international tradition of fable-writing that "

Personification may also be extended to things inanimate, as in Krasicki's "Bread and Sword. Personification is an ontological metaphor in which a thing or abstraction is represented as a person Fables and Parables ( Bajki i przypowieści, 1779 by Ignacy Krasicki, is a noted work in a long international tradition of fable-writing that " His "The Stream and the River," again, offers an example of personified forces of nature. Fables and Parables ( Bajki i przypowieści, 1779 by Ignacy Krasicki, is a noted work in a long international tradition of fable-writing that Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe.

Divinities may also appear in fables as active agents. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Aesop's Fables feature most of the Greek pantheon, including Zeus and Hermes. Aesop's Fables or Aesopica refers to a collection of Fables credited to Aesop (620&ndash 560 BC) a slave and story-teller who lived A pantheon (from Greek Πάνθειον - pantheion, literally "a temple of all gods " neut Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and

History

Ignacy Krasicki. Ignacy Krasicki (February 3 1735 March 14 1801 from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus Primate of Poland) was Poland 's leading Enlightenment

Ivan Krylov. Ivan Andreyevich Krylov (Ива́н Андре́евич Крыло́в ( February 13, 1769 - November 21, 1844) is Russia's best known

Ambrose Bierce. Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (June 24 1842 &ndash 1914? was an American Editorialist Journalist, short-story writer and Satirist.

The fable is one of the most enduring forms of folk literature, spread abroad, modern researchers agree,^[2] less by literary anthologies than by oral transmission. History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological Fables can be found in the literature of almost every country. The varying corpus denoted Aesopica or Aesop's Fables includes most of the best-known western fables, which are attributed to the legendary Aesop, supposed to have been a Greek slave around 550 B. Aesop's Fables or Aesopica refers to a collection of Fables credited to Aesop (620&ndash 560 BC) a slave and story-teller who lived A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to Aesop (also spelled Æsop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος — Aisōpos) (620-560 BC) known only for the genre of Fables C. .

When Babrius set down fables from the Aesopica in verse for a Hellenistic Prince "Alexander," he expressly stated at the head of Book II that this type of "myth" that Aesop had introduced to the "sons of the Hellenes" had been an invention of "Syrians" from the time of "Ninos" (personifying Nineveh to Greeks) and Belos ("ruler"). Babrius was the author of a collection of Fables written in Greek. This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. Nineveh ( Akkadian: Ninua; Aramaic: ܢܝܢܘܐ Hebrew נינוה Nīnewē; Arabic نينوى Naīnuwa) ^[3]

Several parallel animal fables in Sumerian and Akkadian are among those that E. Ebeling introduced to modern Western readers;^[4] there are comparable fables from Egypt's Middle Kingdom,^[5] and Hebrew fables such as the "king of trees" in Book of Judges 9 and "the thistle and the cedar tree" in II Kings 14:9. Book of Judges ( Hebrew: Sefer Shoftim ספר שופטים is a book of the Bible originally written in Hebrew. The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. ^[6] Many other familiar ones include “The Crow and the Pitcher,” “The Hare and the Tortoise,” and “The Lion and the Mouse. ”

Hundreds of fables were composed in ancient India during the first millennium BC, often as stories within frame stories. This article is about the history of South Asia prior to the Partition of British India in 1947 The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of successive empires A story within a story is a Literary device or Conceit in which one story is told during the action of another story A frame story (also frame tale, frame narrative, etc is a narrative technique whereby an introductory main story is composed at least in part for the purpose of These included Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra, the Hitopadesha, Vikram and The Vampire, and Syntipas' Seven Wise Masters, which were collections of fables that were later influential throughout the Old World. Vishnu Sarma was the author of the anthropomorphic political treatise called Panchatantra. The Panchatantra (also spelled Pañcatantra, in Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र 'Five Principles' or Kalīleh o Demneh Hitopadesha is a collection of Sanskrit Fables in prose and verse it is similar to though distinct from the Panchatantra. Baital Pachisi or Vetala Panchvimshati (" Twenty five tales of Baital " or Vikram and The Vampire is a collection Syntipas (the Greek form of Sindibad or Sendabar) was an Indian philosopher and writer supposed to have lived around 100 BC and the The Seven Wise Masters (also called The Seven Sages or The Seven Sages of Rome) is a cycle of stories of Sanskrit, Persian or Hebrew The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans Asians and Africans in the 15th century Earlier Indian epics such as Vyasa's Mahabharata and Valmiki's Ramayana also contained fables within the main story, often as side stories or back-story. Indian epic poetry is the Epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent. Vyāsa ( Devanāgarī: व्यास is a central and revered figure in the majority of Hindu traditions Valmiki ( Sanskrit: वाल्मीकि vālmīki) (ca 400 BCE northern India is celebrated as the poet harbinger in Sanskrit literature The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki A side story in fiction is a form of narrative that occurs alongside established stories set within a fictional universe In Narratology, a back-story (also back story or backstory) is the history behind the situation extant at the start of the main story Some scholars have argued that these fables were influenced by similar Greek and Near Eastern ones. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century ^[7]

Epicharmus of Kos and Phormis are reported as having been among the first to invent comic fables. Epicharmus is considered to have lived within the hundred year period between c ^[8]

Fables had a further long tradition through the Middle Ages, and became part of European literature. During the 17th century, the French fabulist Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695) saw the soul of the fable in the moral — a rule of behavior. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Starting with the Aesopian pattern, La Fontaine set out to satirize the court, the church, the rising bourgeoisie, indeed the entire human scene of his time. La Fontaine's model was subsequently emulated by Poland's Ignacy Krasicki (1735-1801) and Russia's Ivan Krylov (1769-1844). Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Ignacy Krasicki (February 3 1735 March 14 1801 from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus Primate of Poland) was Poland 's leading Enlightenment Year 1735 ( MDCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Ivan Andreyevich Krylov (Ива́н Андре́евич Крыло́в ( February 13, 1769 - November 21, 1844) is Russia's best known Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

In modern times, the fable has been trivialized in children's books. Yet it has also been fully adapted to modern adult literature. For instance, James Thurber used the ancient style in his books, Fables for Our Time and The Beast in Me and Other Animals. James Grover Thurber ( December 8, 1894 &ndash November 2, 1961) was an American Humorist and Cartoonist. George Orwell's Animal Farm satirizes Stalinist Communism in particular, and totalitarianism in general, in the guise of animal fable. Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer Animal Farm is a Novel by George Orwell, and is the most famous satirical Allegory of Soviet Totalitarianism Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a concept used to describe Political systems where a State regulates nearly every aspect of public and private Felix Salten's Bambi is a Bildungsroman — a story of a protagonist's coming-of-age — cast in the form of a fable. Felix Salten ( September 6, 1869 &ndash October 8, 1945) was an Austrian writer BMP and Activin membrane bound inhibitor (BAMBI has a similar extracellular domain as type I receptors in the TGF beta signaling pathway. A bildungsroman (ˈbɪldʊŋsroˌmaːn "novel of formation" is a Novelistic genre that arose during the German Enlightenment (and is regarded by some as The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story.

Classic fabulists

James Thurber. James Grover Thurber ( December 8, 1894 &ndash November 2, 1961) was an American Humorist and Cartoonist.

• Aesop (mid-6th century BCE), author of Aesop's Fables. Aesop (also spelled Æsop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος — Aisōpos) (620-560 BC) known only for the genre of Fables The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Aesop's Fables or Aesopica refers to a collection of Fables credited to Aesop (620&ndash 560 BC) a slave and story-teller who lived
• Vishnu Sarma (ca. Vishnu Sarma was the author of the anthropomorphic political treatise called Panchatantra. 200 BCE), author of the anthropomorphic political treatise and fable collection, the Panchatantra. Anthropomorphism is the attribution of uniquely Human characteristics to non-human creatures and beings natural and supernatural phenomena material states and objects The Panchatantra (also spelled Pañcatantra, in Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र 'Five Principles' or Kalīleh o Demneh
• Bidpai (ca. The Panchatantra (also spelled Pañcatantra, in Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र 'Five Principles' or Kalīleh o Demneh 200 BCE), author of Sanskrit (Hindu) and Pali (Buddhist) animal fables in verse and prose. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Pali ( ISO 15919 / ALA-LC: Pāḷi is a Middle Indo-Aryan language or Prakrit of India. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices
• Syntipas (ca. Syntipas (the Greek form of Sindibad or Sendabar) was an Indian philosopher and writer supposed to have lived around 100 BC and the 100 BCE), Indian philosopher, reputed author of a collection of tales known in Europe as The Story of the Seven Wise Masters. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language The Seven Wise Masters (also called The Seven Sages or The Seven Sages of Rome) is a cycle of stories of Sanskrit, Persian or Hebrew
• Gaius Julius Hyginus (Hyginus, Latin author, native of Spain or Alexandria, ca. Gaius Julius Hyginus (ca 64 BC &ndash AD 17 was a Latin author but whether a native of Spain or of Alexandria is not sure a pupil of the famous Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια 64 BCE - 17 C. E. ), author of Fabulae.
• Phaedrus (15 BCE – 50 CE), Roman fabulist, by birth a Macedonian. Phaedrus (c 15 BC – c AD 50) Roman Fabulist, was probably a Thracian slave born in Pydna of Macedonia (Roman province The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the A fable is a succinct story in prose or verse that features Animals Plants inanimate objects, or forces of nature which are The Ancient Macedonians (Μακεδόνες Makedónes were an ancient tribe which inhabited the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmon and lower Axius, north
• Walter of England c. Gualterus Anglicus was an Anglo-Norman poet writing in Latin, who (it has been suggested produced a seminal version of Aesop's Fables, in 1175
• Marie de France (12th century). Marie de France ("Mary of France" was a Poet evidently born in France and living in England during the late 12th century
• Berechiah ha-Nakdan (Berechiah the Punctuator, or Grammarian, 13th century), author of Jewish fables adapted from Aesop's Fables. Berechiah ha-Nakdan, (1200s CE was a Jewish exegete ethical writer grammarian and translator his name means "Berechiah the Punctuator (or grammarian" indicating Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Aesop (also spelled Æsop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος — Aisōpos) (620-560 BC) known only for the genre of Fables
• Robert Henryson (Scottish, 15th century), author of The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian. Robert Henryson was a poet who flourished in Scotland in the period c Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. See also Robert Henryson The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian is a major sequence of connected poems by the Scottish Makar Robert
• Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452 – 1519). Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
• Biernat of Lublin (Polish, 1465? – after 1529). Biernat of Lublin ( Polish: Biernat z Lublina, 1465 ? &ndash after 1529) was a Polish Poet, fabulist and Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
• Jean de La Fontaine (French, 1621 – 95). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
• John Gay (English) (1685 – 1732)
• Ignacy Krasicki (Polish, 1735 – 1801). John Gay ( 30 June, 1685 - 4 December, 1732) was an English Poet and Dramatist. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Ignacy Krasicki (February 3 1735 March 14 1801 from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus Primate of Poland) was Poland 's leading Enlightenment Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
• Dositej Obradović (Serbian, 1742? – 1811). Dositej (Dositheus Dimitrije Obradović (Доситеј Обрадовић February 17 1742 - 1811 was a Serbian Author, Philosopher Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country
• Félix María de Samaniego (Spanish, 1745 – 1801), best known for "The Ant and the Cicade. Félix María de Samaniego ( October 12 1745 &mdashAugust 1801 born and died in Laguardia, Álava) was a Spanish neoclassical Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. "
• Tomás de Iriarte (Spanish, 1750 – 91). Tomás de Iriarte (or Yriarte) y Oropesa ( Puerto de la Cruz, La Orotava, island of Tenerife, September 18, Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
• Ivan Krylov (Russian, 1769 – 1844). Ivan Andreyevich Krylov (Ива́н Андре́евич Крыло́в ( February 13, 1769 - November 21, 1844) is Russia's best known Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

Modern fabulists

• Leo Tolstoy (1828 – 1910). Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ( –) (Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, was a Russian Writer widely regarded
• Nico Maniquis (1834 – 1912).
• Ambrose Bierce (1842 – ?1914). Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (June 24 1842 &ndash 1914? was an American Editorialist Journalist, short-story writer and Satirist.
• Sholem Aleichem (1859 – 1916). Sholem Aleichem (שלום־עליכם Шолом-Алейхем &ndash May 13, 1916) was the Pen name of Sholem Naumovich Rabinovich the popular
• George Ade (1866 – 1944), Fables in Slang, etc. George Ade ( February 9, 1866 - May 16, 1944) was an American Writer, newspaper Columnist, and Playwright.
• Don Marquis (1878 – 1937), author of the fables of archy and mehitabel. Don Marquis (born July 29, 1878, in Walnut Illinois - died December 29, 1937, in New York archy and mehitabel is the title of a series of newspaper columns written by Don Marquis beginning in 1916
• Franz Kafka (1883 – 1924).
• Damon Runyon (1884 – 1946). Damon Runyon ( 4 October 1884 – 10 December 1946) was a newspaperman and writer
• James Thurber (1894 – 1961), Fables For Our Time. James Grover Thurber ( December 8, 1894 &ndash November 2, 1961) was an American Humorist and Cartoonist.
• George Orwell (1903 – 50). Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer
• Dr. Seuss (1904 – 91)
• Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904 – 91). Theodor Seuss Geisel (ˈsɔɪs ˈɡaɪzəl March 2 1904 – September 24 1991 was an American Writer and Cartoonist, better known by his pen name Isaac Bashevis Singer (יצחק באַשעװיס זינגער (November 21 1902 (see notes below – July 24 1991 was a Nobel Prize -winning Polish -born
• José Saramago (born 1922). José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (ʒuˈzɛ sɐɾɐˈmagu born November 16, 1922) is a Nobel-laureate Portuguese
• Italo Calvino (1923 – 85), "If on a winter's night a traveler," etc. Italo Calvino ( October 15, 1923 &ndash September 19, 1985) (ˈiːtalo kalˈviːno was an Italian journalist and writer of short
• Arnold Lobel (1933 – 87), author of Fables, winner 1981 Caldecott Medal. Arnold Lobel ( May 22, 1933 – December 4, 1987) was a popular American author of children's books
• Ramsay Wood (born 1943), author of Kalila and Dimna: Fables of Friendship and Betrayal. Ramsay Wood is a writer best known for his modernized compilation of the ancient animal fables derived from The Panchatantra.
• Bill Willingham (born 1956), author of Fables graphic novels. Bill Willingham (born December 1956 in Fort Belvoir Virginia) is an American Writer and Artist of Comics.
• Acrid Hermit (born 1962), author of http://www.createspace.com/3340070" Misty Forest Fables. isbn 9781605859309

Notable fables

• The Jataka Tales
  • The Sky Is Falling
• Aesop's Fables by Aesop
  • The Boy Who Cried Wolf
• Panchatantra by Vishnu Sarma (also known as Kalila and Dimna, Kalilag and Damnag, The Lights of Canopus, Fables of Bidpai, and The Morall Philosophie of Doni)
• Baital Pachisi (Vikram and The Vampire)
• Hitopadesha
• Seven Wise Masters by Syntipas
• Fables and Parables by Ignacy Krasicki
• The Emperor's New Clothes
• Stone Soup
• The Little Engine that Could
• Jonathan Livingston Seagull
• Watership Down
• The Lion King
• The Fox and the Cock by James Thurber
• Animal Farm by George Orwell

See also

• Allegory
• Anthropomorphism
• Apologue
• Apologia
• Fairy tale
• Fantastique
• Ghost story
• Parable
• Proverb

Notes

References

• Buckham, Philip Wentworth [1827]. Theatre of the Greeks.  
• King James Bible; New Testament (authorised).

External links

• Animal Symbolism List of frequently described animals and their characteristics
• The Dragon-Tyrant
• Fables - Collection and guide to fables for children
• Imaginexus A collection of interconnected stories that anyone can edit
• Beast Fable Society An academic society focused on fables and related genres