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The Fabian Society is a British socialist movement, whose purpose is to advance the principles of Social democracy via gradualist and reformist, rather than revolutionary means. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution African socialism is a belief in sharing economic resources in a "traditional" African way as distinct from classical Socialism. Arab Socialism (الاشتراكية العربية al-ishtirākīya al-‘arabīya) is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based De Leonism, occasionally known as Marxism-Deleonism, is a form of Marxism developed by Daniel De Leon. Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation Eco-socialism, Green socialism or Socialist ecology is an Ideology merging aspects of Marxism, Socialism, Green politics Guild socialism is a political movement advocating workers' control of industry through the medium of trade-related Guilds. Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Market socialism is a term used to denote two different Economic system (s based in Socialism which operate according to Market principles The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through Revolution, as a strategy to achieve a Social anarchism, socialist anarchism, anarcho-socialism, anarchist socialism or Communitarian anarchism,(sometimes used interchangeably with Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left A socialist market economy is an economic form that is practiced in the People's Republic of China, where it is called Socialism with Chinese characteristics Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought Religious socialism is a Term used to describe forms of Socialism that are based on Religious values. Buddhist socialism is a Political ideology which advocates Socialism based on the principles of Buddhism. Christian socialism generally refers to those on the Christian left whose politics are both Christian and Socialist and who see these two philosophies as Islamic socialism is a term coined by various Muslim leaders to meet the demand for a more spiritual form of Socialism. Criticisms of Socialism range from disagreements over the efficiency of socialist economic and political models to condemnation of states described by themselves The history of socialism, sometimes termed 'modern socialism' finds its origins in the French Revolution of 1789 and the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution Socialist economics is a broad and sometimes controversial term The term socialist state (or socialist republic, or workers' state) can carry one of several different (but related meanings In strictly speaking any Since the 18th century Socialist ideas have developed and separated into many different types of socialism. The following is a list of self-identified Socialists divided by geographical location The International Workingmen's Association (IWA, sometimes called the First International, was an international socialist organization which aimed at uniting a variety The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow The Fourth International ( FI) is a communist international organisation working in opposition to both Capitalism and Stalinism. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY is a left-wing youth organization recognized by the United Nations as an international youth Non-governmental organization The International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY encompasses socialist, Social democratic and Labour Party youth organizations from more than 100 states Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Worker self-management (or autogestion) is a form of workplace decision-making in which the workers themselves agree on choices (for issues like customer care general production Class struggle is the active expression of Class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The " dictatorship of the proletariat " or workers' state is a term employed by Marxists that refers to what they see as a temporary state between the Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have Equality of outcome or equality of condition is a form of Egalitarianism which seeks to reduce or eliminate differences in material condition between individuals or Impossibilism is an interpretation of Marxism. It emphasizes the limited value of reforms in overturning capitalism and insists on revolutionary political action as the only For the Marxist concept of internationalism see Proletarian internationalism. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A proletarian revolution is a social and/or political Revolution in which the Working class attempts to overthrow the Bourgeoisie. Socialism in One Country was a thesis developed by Nikolai Bukharin in 1925 and adopted as state policy by Joseph Stalin. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall Utility, that is its contribution to happiness The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Gradualism is the belief that changes occur or ought to occur slowly in the form of gradual steps (see also Incrementalism) Politics and society In Politics Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a Society can ultimately change a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turnaround" is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively It is best known for its initial ground-breaking work beginning late in the nineteenth century and continuing up to World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The society laid many of the foundations of the Labour Party and subsequently affected the policies of states emerging from the decolonisation of the British Empire, especially India. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Decolonization refers to the undoing of Colonialism, the establishment of governance or authority through the creation of settlements by another country or jurisdiction The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The society is still in existence today and forms a vanguard "think tank" of the centre-left New Labour movement. A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the It is one of fifteen socialist societies affiliated to the Labour Party. A socialist society is a membership organization that is affiliated with the Labour Party in the UK. Similar societies exist in Australia (the Australian Fabian Society), Canada (the Douglas-Coldwell Foundation and in past the League for Social Reconstruction) and New Zealand. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Australian Fabian Society was established in 1947. Inspired by the Fabian Society in the United Kingdom, it is dedicated to Fabianism the focus on Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Douglas-Coldwell Foundation is a Canadian Think tank devoted in the words of its slogan to "promoting education and research into Social democracy The League for Social Reconstruction was a circle of Canadian Socialist intellectuals formed in 1931 by academics advocating radical social and economic reforms and New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island

Contents

History

The society was founded on 4 January 1884 in London as an offshoot of a society founded in 1883 called The Fellowship of the New Life. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Fellowship of the New Life was an organization in the 19th century most famous for a splinter group the Fabian Society. [1] Fellowship members included poets Edward Carpenter and John Davidson, sexologist Havelock Ellis, and future Fabian secretary, Edward R. Pease. Also see Ed Carpenter. Edward Carpenter ( 29 August 1844 – 28 June 1929) was an English John Davidson ( April 11, 1857 – March 23, 1909) Scottish Poet and Playwright, best known for his Ballads Sexology is the study of sexual interests behavior and function Henry Havelock Ellis ( February 2, 1859 - July 8, 1939) was a British sexologist, physician and social reformer Edward Reynolds Pease ( 23 December 1857 - 5 January 1955) was an English writer and a founding member of the Fabian Society They wanted to transform society by setting an example of clean simplified living for others to follow. But when some members also wanted to become politically involved to aid society's transformation, it was decided that a separate society, The Fabian Society, also be set up. All members were free to attend both societies. The Fabian Society additionally advocated renewal of Western European Renaissance ideas. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere

The Fellowship of the New Life was dissolved in 1898[2], but the Fabian Society grew to become the preeminent academic society in the United Kingdom in the Edwardian era, typified by the members of its vanguard Coefficients club. Class and society Socially the Edwardian era was a period during which the British Class system was very rigid The Coefficients was a Dining club founded in 1902 at a dinner given by the Fabian campaigners Sidney and Beatrice Webb.

Immediately upon its inception, the Fabian Society began attracting many prominent contemporary figures drawn to its socialist cause, including George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Annie Besant, Graham Wallas, Hubert Bland, Edith Nesbit, Sydney Olivier, Oliver Lodge, Leonard Woolf and Virginia Woolf, Ramsay MacDonald and Emmeline Pankhurst. George Bernard Shaw ( (26 July 1856 &ndash 2 November 1950 was an Irish Playwright. Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 &ndash 13 August 1946 He was an outspoken socialist and a pacifist, his later works becoming increasingly political Annie Wood Besant (ˈbɛsənt Clapham London October 1 1847 &ndash September 20 1933 in Adyar, India) was a prominent Theosophist, Graham Wallas ( May 31, 1858 - August 9, 1932) was an English socialist, social psychologist educationalist and a leader Hubert Bland ( 3 January 1855 - 14 April 1914) was an early English Socialist and one of the founders of the Fabian Edith Nesbit (married name Edith Bland; 15 August 1858 - 4 May 1924) was an English author and poet whose children's Sir Sydney Haldane Olivier 1st Baron Olivier KCMG ( 16 April 1859 &ndash 15 February 1943) was a British Civil servant Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, FRS ( June 12, 1851 - August 22, 1940) born at Penkhull in Stoke-on-Trent and educated Leonard Sidney Woolf ( November 25, 1880 &ndash August 14, 1969) was a noted British political theorist author publisher and civil servant (Adeline Virginia Woolf (née Stephen; 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941 was an English Novelist and Essayist, regarded as one of the foremost James Ramsay MacDonald ( 12 October 1866 &ndash 9 November 1937) was a British politician and twice Prime Minister of the United Emmeline Pankhurst (née Goulden; 15 July 1858 14 June 1928 was a political activist and leader of the British Suffragette movement Even Bertrand Russell later became a member. Bertrand Arthur William Russell 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970 was a British Philosopher, Historian The two members John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White were delegates at 1944's United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, commonly known as the Bretton Woods Conference. John Maynard Keynes 1st Baron Keynes CB (ˈkeɪnz "cains" (5 June 1883 &ndash 21 April 1946 was a British Economist whose ideas Harry Dexter White ( October 9, 1892 &ndash August 16, 1948) was an American economist and senior U The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, commonly known as Bretton Woods conference, was a gathering of 730 Delegates from all 44 Allied

At the core of the Fabian Society were Sidney and Beatrice Webb. Sidney James Webb 1st Baron Passfield PC ( 13 July, 1859 &ndash 13 October, 1947) was a British socialist economist and reformer This article is about the socialist politician For the children's author see Beatrix Potter. Together, they wrote numerous studies of industrial Britain, including alternative co-operative economics that applied to ownership of capital as well as land. Co-operative economics is a field of Economics, Socialist economics, Co-operative studies, and Political economy, which is concerned with In Economics, capital or capital Goods or real capital refers to items of extensive value

The group, which favoured gradual incremental change rather than revolutionary change, was named — at the suggestion of Frank Podmore — in honour of the Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus (nicknamed "Cunctator", meaning "the Delayer"). A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turnaround" is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively Frank Podmore ( 5 February 1856 - 14 August 1910) was an English author founding member of the Fabian Society, and writer The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (ca 280 BC-203 BC called Cunctator ( the Delayer) was a Roman politician and General born in Rome around 280 BC and His Fabian strategy advocated tactics of harassment and attrition rather than head-on battles against the Carthaginian army under the renowned general Hannibal Barca. The Fabian strategy is a Military strategy where Pitched battles are avoided in favor of wearing down an opponent through a war of attrition. This article is about the military strategy For the Israeli-Egyptian conflict see War of Attrition, for the game theoretical model see War of attrition (game Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash

The Fabian Society logo of the 1950's evoked Aesop's fable, The Tortoise and the Hare.
The Fabian Society logo of the 1950's evoked Aesop's fable, The Tortoise and the Hare. Aesop (also spelled Æsop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος — Aisōpos) (620-560 BC) known only for the genre of Fables The Tortoise and the Hare is a Fable attributed to Aesop. French poet Jean de La Fontaine adapted into the poem "le lièvre et la

The first Fabian Society pamphlets advocating tenets of Social justice coincided with the zeitgeist of Liberal reforms during the early 1900's. Social justice, sometimes called civil justice, refers to the concept of a Society in which Justice is achieved in every aspect of society rather than The Fabian proposals however were considerably more progressive than those that were enacted in the Liberal reform legislation. The Fabians lobbied for the introduction of a minimum wage in 1906, for the creation of a Socialised healthcare system in 1911, and for the abolition of hereditary peerages in 1917[3]. A minimum wage is the lowest hourly daily or monthly Wage that employers may legally pay to employees or workers Socialized medicine is a term used primarily in the United States to refer to certain kinds of Publicly-funded health care. Hereditary peers form part of the Peerage in the United Kingdom.

Fabian socialists were in favour of an imperialist foreign policy as a conduit for internationalist reform and a welfare state modelled on the Bismarckian German model; they criticised Gladstonian liberalism both for its individualism at home and its internationalism abroad. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Liberal internationalism is a Foreign policy doctrine that argues that liberal states should intervene in other sovereign states in order to pursue liberal objectives Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898) Gladstonian Liberalism is a political doctrine named after the British Victorian Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Party, William They favoured a national minimum wage in order to stop British industries compensating for their inefficiency by lowering wages instead of investing in capital equipment; slum clearances and a health service in order for "the breeding of even a moderately Imperial race" which would be more productive and better militarily than the "stunted, anaemic, demoralised denizens. A minimum wage is the lowest hourly daily or monthly Wage that employers may legally pay to employees or workers . . of our great cities"; and a national education system because "it is in the class-rooms that the future battles of the Empire for commercial prosperity are already being lost"[4].

The Fabians also favoured the nationalization of land, believing that rents collected by landowners were unearned, an idea which drew heavily from the work of American economist Henry George. Henry George ( September 2, 1839 &ndash October 29, 1897) was an American Political economist and the most influential proponent of

Many Fabians participated in the formation of the Labour Party in 1900, and the group's constitution, written by Sidney Webb, borrowed heavily from the founding documents of the Fabian Society. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity At the Labour Party Foundation Conference in 1900, the Fabian Society claimed 861 members and sent one delegate.

In the period between the two World Wars, the "Second Generation" Fabians, including the writers R. H. Tawney, G. D. H. Cole, and Harold Laski, continued to be a major influence on social-democratic thought. Richard Henry Tawney (1880 - 1962 was an English writer Economist, historian social critic and university professor and a leading advocate of Christian Socialism George Douglas Howard Cole ( 25 September 1889 &ndash 14 January 1959) was an English Political theorist, Economist Harold Joseph Laski ( June 30, 1893 &ndash March 24, 1950) was an English Political theorist, Economist, Author Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left

It was at this time that many of the future leaders of the Third World were exposed to Fabian thought, most notably India's Jawaharlal Nehru, who subsequently framed economic policy for one-fifth of humanity on Fabian social-democratic lines. Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party Obafemi Awolowo who later became the premier of Nigeria's defunct Western Region was also a Fabian member in the late 1940's. Jeremiah Obafemi Awolowo ( March 6, 1909 &mdash May 9, 1987) was a Nigerian politician and leader a Yoruba and native It was the Fabian ideology that Awolowo used to run the Western Region but was prevented from using it on a national level in Nigeria. It is a little-known fact that the founder of Pakistan, Barrister Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was an avid member of the Fabian Society in the early 1930s. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Muhammad Ali Jinnah Urdu: (December 25 1876 – September 11 1948 was a Pakistani politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan Lee Kuan Yew, the first Prime Minister of Singapore, stated in his memoirs that his initial political philosophy was strongly influenced by the Fabian Society. Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH ( born September 16 1923 also spelled Lee Kwan-Yew) is a Singaporean of Chinese immigrant background The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the Head of government of the Republic of Singapore (and prior to 9 August 1965 Singapore However, he later altered his views, believing the Fabian ideal of socialism to be too impractical.

Legacy

Through the course of the 20th century the group has always been influential in Labour Party circles, with members including Ramsay MacDonald, Clement Attlee, Anthony Crosland, Richard Crossman, Tony Benn, Harold Wilson, and more recently Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. James Ramsay MacDonald ( 12 October 1866 &ndash 9 November 1937) was a British politician and twice Prime Minister of the United Clement Richard Attlee 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC ( 3 January 1883 &ndash 8 October 1967 Charles Anthony Raven Crosland (29 August 1918 - 19 February 1977 was a member of the Labour Party and an important socialist theorist Richard Howard Stafford Crossman, known as Dick Crossman, ( 15 December 1907 &ndash 5 April 1974 was a British Labour Party Anthony "Tony" Neil Wedgwood Benn (born 3 April 1925 formerly 2nd Viscount Stansgate, is a British Socialist Politician. James Harold Wilson Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG, OBE, FRS, PC (11 March 1916 &ndash 24 May 1995 was one of the most prominent British politicians Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is The late Ben Pimlott served as its Chairman in the 1990s. Professor Ben Pimlott ( 4 July, 1945 - 10 April 2004) was a leading historian of the post-war period in Britain (A Pimlott Prize for Political Writing was organized in his memory by the Fabian Society and The Guardian in 2005, and continues annually). The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. The Society is affiliated to the Party as a socialist society. A socialist society is a membership organization that is affiliated with the Labour Party in the UK. In recent years the Young Fabian group, founded in 1960, has become an important networking and discussion organisation for younger (under 31) Labour Party activists and played a role in the 1994 election of Tony Blair as Labour Leader. The Young Fabians is the under 31 years of age section of the Fabian Society, a socialist society in the United Kingdom. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to Following a period of inactivity, the Scottish Young Fabians were reformed in 2005.

The ideology of the Fabians can be encompassed in the famous quote, " Fabianism feeds on Capitalism, but excretes Communism ".

The society's 2004 annual report showed that there were 5,810 individual members (down 70 from the previous year), of whom 1,010 were Young Fabians, and 294 institutional subscribers, of which 31 were Constituency Labour Parties, co-operative societies, or trade unions, 190 were libraries, 58 corporate, and 15 other—making 6,104 members in total. The Young Fabians is the under 31 years of age section of the Fabian Society, a socialist society in the United Kingdom. A Constituency Labour Party (CLP is an organisation of members of the British Labour Party who live in a particular parliamentary Constituency in England A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution The society's net assets were £86,057, its total income £486,456, and its total expenditure £475,425. There was an overall surplus for the year of £1,031.

The latest edition of the Dictionary of National Biography (a reference work listing details of famous or significant Britons throughout history) includes 174 Fabians. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 British people, or Britons, are the native inhabitants of Great Britain and their descendants or citizens of the United Kingdom, of the

Four Fabians, Beatrice and Sidney Webb, Graham Wallas, and George Bernard Shaw founded the London School of Economics with the money left to the Fabian Society by Henry Hutchinson. This article is about the socialist politician For the children's author see Beatrix Potter. Sidney James Webb 1st Baron Passfield PC ( 13 July, 1859 &ndash 13 October, 1947) was a British socialist economist and reformer Graham Wallas ( May 31, 1858 - August 9, 1932) was an English socialist, social psychologist educationalist and a leader George Bernard Shaw ( (26 July 1856 &ndash 2 November 1950 was an Irish Playwright. The London School of Economics and Political Science, more commonly referred to as The London School of Economics or LSE, is a specialist college of the Henry Hutchinson (1800-1831 was an English Architect who partnered with Thomas Rickman in December 1821 to form the Rickman and Hutchinson architecture Supposedly the decision was made at a breakfast party on 4 August 1894. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The founders are depicted in the Fabian Window[5] designed by George Bernard Shaw. The founders of the Fabian Society are depicted in the famous stained-glass Fabian Window designed by George Bernard Shaw. George Bernard Shaw ( (26 July 1856 &ndash 2 November 1950 was an Irish Playwright. The window was stolen in 1978 and reappeared at Sotheby's in 2005. It was restored to display in the Shaw Library at the London School of Economics in 2006 at a ceremony over which Tony Blair presided. The London School of Economics and Political Science, more commonly referred to as The London School of Economics or LSE, is a specialist college of the Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to [6]

Young Fabians

Members aged under 31 years of age are also members of the Young Fabians. The Young Fabians is the under 31 years of age section of the Fabian Society, a socialist society in the United Kingdom. This group has its own elected Chair and executive and organizes conferences and events. It also publishes the quarterly magazine Anticipations. The Scottish Young Fabians, a Scottish branch of the group, reformed in 2005.

Influence on Labour government

Since Labour came to office in 1997, the Fabian Society has been a forum for New Labour ideas and for critical approaches from across the party. The most significant Fabian contribution to Labour's policy agenda in government was Ed Balls' 1992 pamphlet, advocating Bank of England independence. Edward Michael "Ed" Balls (born 25 February 1967) is a British politician, and Labour and Co-operative Member of Parliament The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC is a committee of the Bank of England, which meets every month to decide the official Interest rate in the United Kingdom Balls had been a Financial Times journalist when he wrote this Fabian pamphlet, before going to work for Gordon Brown. The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. BBC Business Editor Robert Peston, in his book Brown's Britain, calls this an "essential tract" and concludes that Balls "deserves as much credit – probably more – than anyone else for the creation of the modern Bank of England";[7] William Keegan offers a similar analysis of Balls' Fabian pamphlet in his book on Labour's economic policy,[8] which traces in detail the path leading up to this dramatic policy change after Labour's first week in office. Robert Peston (born 25 April 1960) is a British journalist Since February 2006 he has been the Business Editor for BBC News.

The Fabian Society Tax Commission of 2000 was widely credited[9] with influencing the Labour government's policy and political strategy for its one significant public tax increase: the National Insurance rise to raise £8 billion for National Health Service spending. National Insurance (NI is a system of taxes and related Social security benefits in the United Kingdom. The National Health Service is the name commonly used to refer to the four Publicly-funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom collectively or individually (although (The Fabian Commission had in fact called for a directly hypothecated "NHS tax"[10] to cover the full cost of NHS spending, arguing that linking taxation more directly to spending was essential to make tax rise publicly acceptable. The 2001 National Insurance rise was not formally hypothecated, but the government committed itself to using the additional funds for health spending. See also Hypothec. The original use of the word hypothecation was for a pledge of property as collateral for a Debt without ) Several other recommendations, including a new top rate of income tax, were to the left of government policy and not accepted, though this comprehensive review of UK taxation was influential in economic policy and political circles. Taxation in the United Kingdom may involve payments to a minimum of two different levels of government The central government ( Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) [11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Pease, Edward (1916). The Labour Research Department (LRD is an independent Trade union based research organisation based in London, that provides information to support trade union activity This article is a list of Think tanks in the United Kingdom. List Adam Smith Institute Association The New Statesman is a British Left-wing political Magazine published weekly in London. Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a Society can ultimately change a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures The New Age was a British Literary magazine, noted for its wide influence under the editorship of A The Young Fabians is the under 31 years of age section of the Fabian Society, a socialist society in the United Kingdom. Edward Reynolds Pease ( 23 December 1857 - 5 January 1955) was an English writer and a founding member of the Fabian Society A History of the Fabian Society. New York: E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY.  
  2. ^ Pease,1916
  3. ^ Fabian Society
  4. ^ Bernard Semmel, Imperialism and Social Reform: English Social-Imperial Thought 1895-1914 (London: Allen and Unwin, 1960), p. 71, p. 73.
  5. ^ Press release, "A piece of Fabian history unveiled at LSE," London School of Economics & Political Science Archives [1] Last accessed 23 February 2007
  6. ^ Andrew Walker, "Wit, wisdom and windows", BBC News [2] Last accessed 23 February 2007
  7. ^ [quoted here; http://www.afsp.msh-paris.fr/archives/congreslyon2005/communications/tr4/wickham.pdf]
  8. ^ Observer review: The Prudence of Mr Gordon Brown by William Keegan | By genre | guardian.co.uk Books
  9. ^ Honesty turns out to be the best policy | News | The Observer
  10. ^ BBC News | UK POLITICS | Think tank calls for NHS tax
  11. ^ In defence of earmarked taxes - FT 07/12/00

Bibliography

External links

Edward Reynolds Pease ( 23 December 1857 - 5 January 1955) was an English writer and a founding member of the Fabian Society Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
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