Eyemouth (historically spelt Aymouth) is a small town and parish in Berwickshire, in the Scottish Borders. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. The Lieutenancy areas of Scotland are the areas used for the ceremonial lord-lieutenants, the monarch 's representatives in Scotland. Berwickshire or the County of Berwick is a Registration county, a Committee area of the Scottish Borders Council, and a lieutenancy Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Galashiels postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Berwick-Upon-Tweed, Cockburnspath, Coldstream, Cornhill-on-Tweed The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Lothian and Borders Police is the Police service for the Scottish Council areas of the City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Lothian and Borders Fire and Rescue Service is the Statutory fire and rescue service covering a total area and serving a total population of 890000 SASDivmap copyjpg|right|200px]] Helimed5jpg|thumb|right|EC-135 G-SASA "Helimed 5" based at Glasgow City Heliport]] The Scottish Ambulance Service ( Scottish Scotland constitutes a single Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Berwickshire Roxburgh and Selkirk is a County constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which was first used in The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral Roxburgh and Berwickshire is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates This List of places in Scotland is a complete collection of lists of places in Scotland. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Berwickshire or the County of Berwick is a Registration county, a Committee area of the Scottish Borders Council, and a lieutenancy Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. It is two miles east of the main north-south A1 road and just 8 miles north of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Berwick-upon-Tweed ( ˈbɛrɪk- ( Scots: Berwick or historically South Berwick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost It has a population of circa 3,420 people (2004). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
The town's name comes from its location at the mouth of the River Eye. The Berwickshire coastline consists of high cliffs over deep clear water, with sandy coves and picturesque harbours. A fishing port, Eyemouth celebrates an annual Herring Queen Festival. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The Eyemouth Herring Queen Festival ( Eyemouth, Borders, Scotland) owes its origins to what was called the Peace Picnic or Fisherman's Picnic Notable buildings in the town include Gunsgreen House and a cemetery watch house built to stand guard against the Resurrectionists (body snatchers). Body-snatching was the secret disinterment of bodies from Churchyards to sell them for Dissection or Anatomy lectures in Medical schools Many of the features of a traditional fishing village are preserved in the narrow streets and vennels - giving shelter from the sea and well suited to the smuggling tradition of old.
Eyemouth is not far from the attractive small villages of Ayton, Reston, St. Abbs, Coldingham, and Burnmouth. Ayton is a small town located in Berwickshire, in the southeast of Scotland today part of the Scottish Borders region Reston is a Village located in the southeast of Scotland, in Berwickshire, Scottish Borders region St Abbs is a small fishing village located on the southeast coast of Scotland, in the Committee area of Berwickshire, Scottish Borders Coldingham is an historic village in Berwickshire, on southeast Scotland 's coastline north of Eyemouth. Burnmouth is a small fishing village located adjacent on the A1 road The coast offers great opportunities for birdwatching, walking, fishing and diving. Accommodation includes several hotels, B&Bs, and a high-quality holiday park. The geology of the area exposes the evidence of folding that led James Hutton to announce that the surface of the earth had changed dramatically over the ages. See also Folding The term fold is used in Geology when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces such as Sedimentary James Hutton MD (3 June 1726 OS (14 June 1726 NS) Edinburgh 26 March 1797 was a Scottish Geologist,
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Attractions
The new 18 hole golf course and Club House have spectacular sea views. A golf course consists of a series of holes each consisting of a Teeing ground, Fairway, rough and other hazards and a green with a pin and cup all designed for The wide bay is flanked by high cliffs and the sea washes the long sandy beach every day. The water quality is tested regularly. Despite being sheltered by the Hurkur Rocks, storms can generate awesome waves and throw high plumes of spume into the air over the sea wall, named "The Bantry" said to be in affectionate memory of the Irish labourers, from the fishing town of that name in County Cork, who constructed it. Bantry (Beanntraí is a town on the coast of County Cork, Ireland, located on the N71 route at the head of Bantry Bay. County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland.
Eyemouth houses the 'World of Boats", a remarkable collection of almost 400 boats and 300 models from across the world and from many periods. Most prominent is the 1834 Steam powered puddled iron Drag Dredger, 'Bertha', by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, which is undergoing restoration at the head of the Old Harbour. Puddling was an Industrial Revolution means of making iron and Steel. Dredging is an Excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly underwater in shallow seas or Fresh water areas with the purpose of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, FRS (9 April 1806 &ndash 15 September 1859 (ˈɪzəmbɑrd ˈkɪŋdəm brʊˈnɛl was a British Engineer. It is intended that the harbour side should be the home of many of boats in the collection.
Harbour for working and pleasure boats
In 1997, Eyemouth was given EU funding from a scheme to regenerate declining fishing villages and raised matching funds itself to construct a deep water extension to the Harbour. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Eyemouth Harbour caters for most types of fishery activity and as a result Eyemouth's primary industry has seen a certain amount of rejuvenation. A pontoon has been installed in the harbour to provide ease of boarding for seafarers. A pontoon is a flat-bottomed Boat or the floats used to support a structure on water This has attracted an increasing number of pleasure craft. Walks round the harbour never fail to interest. This is a real working fishing port and the scene is constantly changing. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The Coastguard volunteers and the seagoing RNLI lifeboat are called out by the firing of maroons, one for the Coastguard and two for the Lifeboat. A coast guard is a national organization responsible for various services at sea The founder Sir William Hillary Sir William Hillary came to live on the Isle of Man in 1808 A lifeboat is a boat designed to save the lives of people in trouble at sea A maroon is a type of Rocket which makes a loud banging Report and a bright flash
There is also a substantial shipyard that not only services local vessels but constructs new boats as well. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military The new Harbour and Fish Market has toilets and showers which are available to visiting seamen - contact the Eyemouth Harbour Harbourmaster. Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information The Visitor Centre there explains the methods of fishing, the types of nets and the vessels used and examples of the equipment of a typical fishing boat are displayed. A fishing vessel is a Ship or Boat used to catch fish in the sea or on a lake or river Visitors can see the market in action in the early mornings from a viewing platform. In the Harbour, boats are available for hire for sea fishing, sightseeing and diving in one of the few Marine Reserves in UK. Diving instruction and equipment are available locally*.
Communications
Improvements to the Great North Road, the 'A1 road', the main Edinburgh - London route, have put the town within easy commuting distance of Edinburgh. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The East Coast Main Line railway station at Berwick-upon-Tweed, only 6 miles distant, has been upgraded and there are regular high speed services north to Edinburgh and south to Newcastle and stations to London. The East Coast Main Line ( ECML) is the electrified high-speed railway link between London and Edinburgh connecting Yorkshire, North East Berwick-upon-Tweed ( ˈbɛrɪk- ( Scots: Berwick or historically South Berwick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Not only has Eyemouth broadband access to the internet that so enables home working, it is to be one of the first to be converted to receive digital TV services. The term broadband can have different meanings in different contexts The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Digital television (DTV is the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by discrete ( digital) signals in contrast to the analog signals used by Edinburgh International Airport can be reached by car in just over an hour providing opportunities for international trade. Edinburgh Airport is located in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was the busiest Airport in Scotland in 2007 handling 9047558 passengers The Port of Leith, easily accessible, opens the way to the Continent by passenger and cargo vessels. Formerly a municipal Burgh, Leith (Lìte is a district in the north of the city of Edinburgh at the mouth of the Water of Leith and is the port A continent is one of several large Landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by Convention rather than any strict criteria with seven regions
Living, learning and working in Eyemouth
New, quality, housing development is taking place (including a proportion of affordable housing. The Swimming Pool/Leisure Centre has been refurbished and a new Secondary School is planned to be completed in 2008. Pupils at Eyemouth High School receive an excellent start in life and are renowned for their commitment. There is a regular High School Drop in Clinic that provides help and advice on all kinds of issues encountered by young people.
There is a further education training centre in the town and several firms offer modern apprenticeships. Apprenticeship is a system of Training a new generation of practitioners of a skill Northumberland College in Berwick-upon-Tweed is only eight miles away and full-time further and higher education courses are offered at The Borders College and Heriot-Watt University in Galashiels. Berwick-upon-Tweed ( ˈbɛrɪk- ( Scots: Berwick or historically South Berwick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland, is the eighth-oldest higher education institution in the United Kingdom, although it only received Galashiels is a Burgh in the Scottish Borders, on the Gala Water river Edinburgh, now easily accessible by the much improved Great North Road, offers peerless educational opportunities. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow.
There are a large number of social activities, not least being a very active U3A (University of the Third Age) that offers a very wide range of activities to those over 60 not in full time employment. There are also a number of church and social clubs including the Arts and Literary Society, Rotary International and Probus. Rotary International is an organization of Service clubs known as Rotary Clubs located all over the world The Probus Club movement was formed in the United Kingdom in 1965 The Medical Practice provides family doctor based primary care and a Day Hospital that provides personal care and treatment during the day allowing patients to return home at night. There is also a nursing home at nearby Ayton. Ayton is a small town located in Berwickshire, in the southeast of Scotland today part of the Scottish Borders region
All the crafts and trades associated with the fishing industry are present in the town, from net making to ship building and repair. The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking culturing processing preserving storing transporting marketing or selling fish or fish products A fishing net or fishnet is a net that is used for Fishing. Fishing nets are Meshes usually formed by Knotting a relatively thin thread See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a There are smoke houses that prepare fish in the traditional fashion. In Food preparation curing refers to various preservation and Flavoring processes especially of Meat or Fish, by the addition of There is such a variety of fish that one fish merchant boasts "If it swims, we sell it"!
The town is served by a Post Office and Postal Sorting Office, a Library and Historical Museum, General Store, Ice Cream Parlour, hotels, and bed and breakfasts, art galleries, garages and service stations, a supermarket and such a wide variety of shops that almost every possible need can be met locally. A post office is a facility authorized by a Postal system for the posting receipt sorting handling transmission or delivery of Mail. Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good Award winning catering establishments offer the Fruits of the Sea among their varied menus. The elected Town Council led by the Hon. A town council is a democratically elected form of government for small municipalities or Parishes A council may serve as both the representative and executive branch Provost and the Chamber of Trade are very active in generating and sustaining the vibrancy of the community spirit. A provost (introduced into Scots from French) is the ceremonial head of many Scottish local authorities. A chamber of commerce (also referred to in some circles as a board of trade) is a form of Business network. The town sends two Councillors to the Scottish Borders Council. A councillor or councilor ( Cllr, Coun, Clr or Cr for short is a member of a Local government council such as a The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. In addition the Eyemouth Town Council (a Scottish Community Council), which also has elected councillors, meets regularly, the proceedings being reported in the Berwickshire News. Community councils (CCs are the most local statutory representative bodies in Great Britain.
Other places of interest
These include the fortifications of Berwick-upon-Tweed and its military museum, Paxton House, the Union Bridge (Tweed) and the Chain Bridge Honey Farm and scores of quiet country roads skirting the Cheviot Hills, frequently snow-capped in winter. Berwick-upon-Tweed ( ˈbɛrɪk- ( Scots: Berwick or historically South Berwick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost Paxton House is a Historic house at Paxton, Berwickshire, in the Scottish Borders, a few miles south-west of Berwick-upon-Tweed, overlooking The Union Bridge, also called the Chain Bridge, spans the River Tweed between Horncliffe, Northumberland, England and Fishwick Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the The Cheviot Hills are a range of rolling hills straddling the England / Scotland border between Northumberland and the Scottish Borders. Many visitors pause on their journey on the A1 to photograph their arrival in Scotland or their departure to England at the Border Crossing. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Though the Border has significance to many visitors, most local people think of themselves as 'Borderers' rather than as Scots or English. Nearby the Border is a nature trail through the mysteriously named 'Conundrum' Farm. Typical Border towns and villages, such as Kelso, Melrose, Earlston, Grantshouse, Abbey St Bathans, Cockburnspath (pronounced 'coburnspath' or 'copath' by locals), Cornhill, Wooler, Morpeth, Alnmouth and Alnwick are all within easy reach for day trips from Eyemouth. Kelso (known locally as Kelsae) is a market town in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, located where the rivers Tweed and Teviot Earlston (formerly Ercildoune, of which it is a corruption is a parish and market town in Berwickshire, Scotland Abbey St Bathans is a community in Berwickshire in the eastern part of the Scottish Borderland. Cockburnspath lies near the North Sea coast between Berwick-upon-Tweed and Edinburgh in Scotland. Cornhill-on-Tweed is a village in Northumberland, in England. Wooler is a small Town in Northumberland, England. It lies on the edge of the Northumberland National Park, by the Cheviot Hills and Morpeth is the County town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town Alnmouth (pronounced 'allen-mouth' is a village in Northumberland, England. Alnwick ( IPA /ˈænɪk/ is a small Market town in north Northumberland, England. Near Chirnside is Ninewells where David Hume, whom many regard as foremost among the philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, if not the greatest of all time, spent much of his life. Chirnside is a hillside village in Berwickshire in Scotland, 9 miles west of Berwick-upon-Tweed and 7 miles east of Duns. David Hume (26 April 1711 25 August 1776 Scottish Philosopher, Economist, and Historian is an important figure in Western philosophy The Scottish Enlightenment was the period in 18th century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments
Local History
Eyemouth fell within the feudal barony of Coldingham, possessed until the early 17th century by Coldingham Priory, after which it passed to the Home family, who had held lands in that barony since at least the 15th century [1]. Coldingham Priory was a house of Benedictine monks It lies on the south-east coast of Scotland, in the village of Coldingham, Berwickshire All landowners (portioners) within the barony held their properties either by hereditary feu or by term renewable, occasionally hereditary, Tack (Scottish word for a lease) from the barony.
The lands between the southern banks of the Eye Water consisted of three estates: Gunsgreen, immediately opposite Eyemouth, and Netherbyres, once part of the larger lands of Flemington which stretched all the way to Lamberton. Lamberton is a hilly ancient parish and former landed estate in Berwickshire, Scotland, its eastern boundary being the North Sea. At the beginning of the 17th century Gunsgreen estate was possessed by Alexander Lauder of Gunsgreen [2], a great-great-grandson of Sir Robert Lauder of The Bass (d. Sir Robert Lauder of The Bass, (born before 1440 - died just before February 1508 was a Scottish knight Armiger, and Governor of the Castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed 1508)[3]. On January 17, 1629, Alexander Lauder of Gunsgreen, acting as bailie for Sir David Home of Wedderburn, gave a sasine to Andrew Gray in Eyemouth, of some land on the boundaries of Houndlaw and also in Eyemouth [4]. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Wedderburn Castle, near Duns, Berwickshire, in the Scottish Borders, is an 18th century country house
Netherbyres was for at least 250 years held by the Craw (originally Auchincraw) family. "George Craw of Netherbyre" was "deceased" by July 1614 when his son William came into possession of that property and Reidhall, "with the walk mill" extending to 12 husbandlands (312 acres)[5]. A later William Craw (d. 1750) built the first 'modern' harbour at Eyemouth and the elliptical walled garden at the Netherbyres House we see today, which was commenced about 1835 for a later owner, Captain Sir Samuel Brown, R. N. , who had the patent and monopoly for the supply of anchor chain to the Royal Navy. He later went on to design and patent chain suspension piers and bridges, including the Union Bridge over the River Tweed [6], still in use today. The Union Bridge, also called the Chain Bridge, spans the River Tweed between Horncliffe, Northumberland, England and Fishwick There are other rivers with this name see Tweed River The River Tweed ( Uisge Thuaidh in Gaelic (156 kilometres or long flows primarily through the Netherbyres House was established circa 1991 as a retirement home for professional gardeners by the last private owner, Lieutenant-Colonel Simon Furness, a Depute-Lieutenant for Berwickshire, who retained a bungalow attached to the famous walled garden. Berwickshire or the County of Berwick is a Registration county, a Committee area of the Scottish Borders Council, and a lieutenancy
The life of the historical hero of the town, William Spears (1812 - 1885), is celebrated by the dramatic bronze statue in Eyemouth Market Place, where he stands pointing the way to Ayton, the scene of his peaceful demonstration. At great personal risk, Spears led a revolt against the tithes on fish levied by the Church of Scotland, even after the great Disruption of 1843 when most fishermen left the established Church to join other congregations. A tithe (from Old English teogoþa "tenth" is a one-tenth part of something paid as a (usually voluntary contribution or as a Tax or levy The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. The Disruption of 1843 was a Schism within the established Church of Scotland, in which 450 ministers of the Church broke away over the issue of the Church's
Very soon after the cost of getting the tithes removed had been met, the town was struck by the Eyemouth Disaster when on the 14th October 1881 most of the fishing fleet, some 20 boats and 129 men from the town were lost in a terrible storm. The Eyemouth disaster was a severe European windstorm that struck the southern coast of Scotland, specifically Berwickshire, on October 14, Including victims from other coastal towns, a total of 189 men lost their lives. This is commemorated in the Tapestry housed in the Museum.
A contemporary article offers an interesting insight into Eyemouth in the 1860's:
"Between Abbs Head and Berwick, however is situated Eyemouth, a fishing-village pure and simple, with all that wonderful filth scattered about which is a sanitary peculiarity of such towns. The population of Eyemouth is in keeping with the outward appearance of the place. As a whole, they are rough, uncultivated, and more druken in their habits than the fishermen of the neighbouring villages. Coldingham Shore, for instance, is only three miles distant, and has a population of about one hundred fishermen, of a very respectable class, sober and well dressed, and "well to do. St Abbs is a small fishing village located on the southeast coast of Scotland, in the Committee area of Berwickshire, Scottish Borders " - The Fisher Folk of the Scottish East Coast, "Macmillian's Magazine" No. 36 October 1862.
In the late eighteenth century with the arrival of a group of Dutch engineers in the town a survey was undertook for a canal linking Eyemouth to Duns. The plan would have involved damming the Whiteadder river at Chirnside thus diverting the course of the Whiteadder river through the low lying area know as Billiemire to join the Eye river near Ayton. Chirnside is a hillside village in Berwickshire in Scotland, 9 miles west of Berwick-upon-Tweed and 7 miles east of Duns. The plan was never carried out.
The famous John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough was created Baron Eyemouth, in the Peerage of Scotland, in 1682. The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. This was the first of his peerage titles.
Notes
- ^ Historic Manuscripts Commission, Manuscripts of Colonel David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle, N. B. , London, 1902: 26.
- ^ Historic Manuscripts Commission, Manuscripts of Colonel David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle, N. B. , London, 1902: 183-4.
- ^ Lawder, Charles A B, The Lawders of The Bass and Their Descendants, Belfast, 1914.
- ^ Anderson, Rev John, Calendar of the Laing Charters, AD854-1837, Edinburgh, 1899: 487.
- ^ Historic Manuscripts Commission, Manuscripts of Colonel David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle, N. B. , London, 1902: 183-4.
- ^ Christies Scotland, Netherbyres, Eyemouth, Berwickshire, Glasgow, 1991: 9.
References
Rev. Daniel McIver, An old-time fishing town - Eyemouth, John Menzies, 1906.
Peter Aitchison, Children of the Sea: The Story of the People of Eyemouth, Tuckwell Press Ltd, 2001. (The author is a descendent of William Spears. )
External links
- Googling at Eyemouth
- grid reference NT943639
- Eyemouth Chamber of Trade
- Eyemouth Harbour
- St Abbs and Eyemouth Voluntary Marine Reserve
- Eyemouth High School
- Eyemouth High School's photographs of Eyemouth
- The Great Disaster and the Eyemouth Tapestry
- The World of Boats
- Historic photographs of Eyemouth showing life and work in past ages. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude
| Berwickshire Towns & Villages |
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| Abbey St Bathans | Allanton | Auchencrow | Ayton | Burnmouth | Chirnside | Cockburnspath | Coldingham | Coldstream | Duns | Earlston | Eyemouth | Foulden | Greenlaw | Lauder | Longformacus | Oxton | Reston | St. Abbs |
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